메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 438-447

Visual threshold is set by linear and nonlinear mechanisms in the retina that mitigate noise: How neural circuits in the retina improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the single-photon response

Author keywords

Linear filtering; Nonlinear threshold; Retinal circuitry; Signal transfer; Signal to noise ratio

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; LINEAR SYSTEM; MAMMAL; NIGHT VISION; NONHUMAN; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; RETINA; REVIEW; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VISION;

EID: 79956145778     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: 15211878     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (35)

References (81)
  • 2
    • 84925224709 scopus 로고
    • The number of quanta necessary for the perception of light in the human eye
    • van der Velden HA. 1946. The number of quanta necessary for the perception of light in the human eye. Ophthalmologica 111: 321-31.
    • (1946) Ophthalmologica , vol.111 , pp. 321-331
    • van der Velden, H.A.1
  • 3
    • 12144276559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal processing near absolute threshold: from behavior to mechanism
    • Field GD, Sampath AP, Rieke F. 2005. Retinal processing near absolute threshold: from behavior to mechanism. Annu Rev Physiol 67: 491-514.
    • (2005) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 491-514
    • Field, G.D.1    Sampath, A.P.2    Rieke, F.3
  • 4
    • 0021646399 scopus 로고
    • The photocurrent, noise and spectral sensitivity of rods of the monkey Macaca fascicularis
    • Baylor DA, Nunn BJ, Schnapf JL. 1984. The photocurrent, noise and spectral sensitivity of rods of the monkey Macaca fascicularis J Physiol 357: 575-607.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.357 , pp. 575-607
    • Baylor, D.A.1    Nunn, B.J.2    Schnapf, J.L.3
  • 5
    • 0037104628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms regulating variability of the single photon responses of mammalian rod photoreceptors
    • Field GD, Rieke F. 2002. Mechanisms regulating variability of the single photon responses of mammalian rod photoreceptors. Neuron 35: 733-47.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.35 , pp. 733-747
    • Field, G.D.1    Rieke, F.2
  • 6
    • 0025963590 scopus 로고
    • Light adaptation in retinal rods of the rabbit and two other nonprimate mammals
    • Nakatani K, Tamura T, Yau KW. 1991. Light adaptation in retinal rods of the rabbit and two other nonprimate mammals. J Gen Physiol 97: 413-35.
    • (1991) J Gen Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 413-435
    • Nakatani, K.1    Tamura, T.2    Yau, K.W.3
  • 7
    • 79956066442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinearity and noise at the rod-rod bipolar cell synapse
    • Trexler EB, Casti AR, Zhang Y. 2011. Nonlinearity and noise at the rod-rod bipolar cell synapse. Vis Neurosci 28: 61-8.
    • (2011) Vis Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 61-68
    • Trexler, E.B.1    Casti, A.R.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 8
    • 0022650805 scopus 로고
    • The rod pathway in the rabbit retina: a depolarizing bipolar and amacrine cell
    • Dacheux RF, Raviola E. 1986. The rod pathway in the rabbit retina: a depolarizing bipolar and amacrine cell. J Neurosci 6: 331-45.
    • (1986) J Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 331-345
    • Dacheux, R.F.1    Raviola, E.2
  • 9
    • 0022977828 scopus 로고
    • Microcircuitry of the dark-adapted cat retina: functional architecture of the rod-cone network
    • Smith RG, Freed MA, Sterling P. 1986. Microcircuitry of the dark-adapted cat retina: functional architecture of the rod-cone network. J Neurosci 6: 3505-17.
    • (1986) J Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 3505-3517
    • Smith, R.G.1    Freed, M.A.2    Sterling, P.3
  • 10
    • 0023835964 scopus 로고
    • Architecture of rod and cone circuits to the on-beta ganglion cell
    • Sterling P, Freed MA, Smith RG. 1988. Architecture of rod and cone circuits to the on-beta ganglion cell. J Neurosci 8: 623-42.
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 623-642
    • Sterling, P.1    Freed, M.A.2    Smith, R.G.3
  • 11
    • 0029024386 scopus 로고
    • Photovoltage of rods and cones in the macaque retina
    • Schneeweis DM, Schnapf JL. 1995. Photovoltage of rods and cones in the macaque retina. Science 268: 1053-6.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1053-1056
    • Schneeweis, D.M.1    Schnapf, J.L.2
  • 12
    • 0018333003 scopus 로고
    • Responses of retinal rods to single photons
    • Baylor DA, Lamb TD, Yau KW. 1979. Responses of retinal rods to single photons. J Physiol 288: 613-34.
    • (1979) J Physiol , vol.288 , pp. 613-634
    • Baylor, D.A.1    Lamb, T.D.2    Yau, K.W.3
  • 13
    • 84947857251 scopus 로고
    • Saturation of the rod mechanism of the retina at high light levels of stimulation
    • Aguilar M, Stiles WS. 1954. Saturation of the rod mechanism of the retina at high light levels of stimulation. Opt Acta 1: 59-65.
    • (1954) Opt Acta , vol.1 , pp. 59-65
    • Aguilar, M.1    Stiles, W.S.2
  • 14
    • 0001098005 scopus 로고
    • Retinal noise and absolute threshold
    • Barlow HB. 1956. Retinal noise and absolute threshold. J Opt Soc Am 46: 634-9.
    • (1956) J Opt Soc Am , vol.46 , pp. 634-639
    • Barlow, H.B.1
  • 15
    • 0002898126 scopus 로고
    • Über kleinste Reize bei Sinnesorganen
    • Autrum H. 1943. Über kleinste Reize bei Sinnesorganen. Biologisches Zentralblatt 66: 209-36.
    • (1943) Biologisches Zentralblatt , vol.66 , pp. 209-236
    • Autrum, H.1
  • 16
    • 0001176836 scopus 로고
    • Purkinje shift and retinal noise
    • Barlow HB. 1957. Purkinje shift and retinal noise. Nature 179: 255-6.
    • (1957) Nature , vol.179 , pp. 255-256
    • Barlow, H.B.1
  • 17
    • 0037179759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of cyclic GMP synthesis in retinal rods
    • Burns ME, Mendez A, Chen J, Baylor DA. 2002. Dynamics of cyclic GMP synthesis in retinal rods. Neuron 36: 81-91.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 81-91
    • Burns, M.E.1    Mendez, A.2    Chen, J.3    Baylor, D.A.4
  • 18
    • 0023759613 scopus 로고
    • Low retinal noise in animals with low body temperature allows high visual sensitivity
    • Aho AC, Donner K, Hyden C, Larsen LO, et al. 1988. Low retinal noise in animals with low body temperature allows high visual sensitivity. Nature 334: 348-50.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 348-350
    • Aho, A.C.1    Donner, K.2    Hyden, C.3    Larsen, L.O.4
  • 19
    • 0023598158 scopus 로고
    • Ganglion cell performance at absolute threshold in toad retina: effects of dark events in rods
    • Copenhagen DR, Donner K, Reuter T. 1987. Ganglion cell performance at absolute threshold in toad retina: effects of dark events in rods. J Physiol 393: 667-80.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.393 , pp. 667-680
    • Copenhagen, D.R.1    Donner, K.2    Reuter, T.3
  • 20
    • 77956844684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dark light, rod saturation, and the absolute and incremental sensitivity of mouse cone vision
    • Naarendorp F, Esdaille TM, Banden SM, Andrews-Labenski J, et al. 2010. Dark light, rod saturation, and the absolute and incremental sensitivity of mouse cone vision. J Neurosci 30: 12495-507.
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 12495-12507
    • Naarendorp, F.1    Esdaille, T.M.2    Banden, S.M.3    Andrews-Labenski, J.4
  • 21
    • 12144282743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection sensitivity and temporal resolution of visual signals near absolute threshold in the salamander retina
    • Chichilnisky EJ, Rieke F. 2005. Detection sensitivity and temporal resolution of visual signals near absolute threshold in the salamander retina. J Neurosci 25: 318-30.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 318-330
    • Chichilnisky, E.J.1    Rieke, F.2
  • 22
    • 0019225828 scopus 로고
    • Two components of electrical dark noise in toad retinal rod outer segments
    • Baylor DA, Matthews G, Yau KW. 1980. Two components of electrical dark noise in toad retinal rod outer segments. J Physiol 309: 591-621.
    • (1980) J Physiol , vol.309 , pp. 591-621
    • Baylor, D.A.1    Matthews, G.2    Yau, K.W.3
  • 23
    • 77954529615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal processing of photoreceptor signals is required to maximize behavioural sensitivity
    • Okawa H, Miyagishima KJ, Arman AC, Hurley JB, et al. 2010. Optimal processing of photoreceptor signals is required to maximize behavioural sensitivity. J Physiol 588: 1947-60.
    • (2010) J Physiol , vol.588 , pp. 1947-1960
    • Okawa, H.1    Miyagishima, K.J.2    Arman, A.C.3    Hurley, J.B.4
  • 24
    • 0029861747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular origin of continuous dark noise in rod photoreceptors
    • Rieke F, Baylor DA. 1996. Molecular origin of continuous dark noise in rod photoreceptors. Biophys J 71: 2553-72.
    • (1996) Biophys J , vol.71 , pp. 2553-2572
    • Rieke, F.1    Baylor, D.A.2
  • 25
    • 57649201567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light
    • Okawa H, Sampath AP, Laughlin SB, Fain GL. 2008. ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light. Curr Biol 18: 1917-21.
    • (2008) Curr Biol , vol.18 , pp. 1917-1921
    • Okawa, H.1    Sampath, A.P.2    Laughlin, S.B.3    Fain, G.L.4
  • 26
    • 0022353919 scopus 로고
    • Light-suppressible, cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance in the plasma membrane of a truncated rod outer segment
    • Yau KW, Nakatani K. 1985. Light-suppressible, cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance in the plasma membrane of a truncated rod outer segment. Nature 317: 252-5.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 252-255
    • Yau, K.W.1    Nakatani, K.2
  • 27
    • 0022270912 scopus 로고
    • Patch-clamp recordings of the light-sensitive dark noise in retinal rods from the lizard and frog
    • Bodoia RD, Detwiler PB. 1985. Patch-clamp recordings of the light-sensitive dark noise in retinal rods from the lizard and frog. J Physiol 367: 183-216.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.367 , pp. 183-216
    • Bodoia, R.D.1    Detwiler, P.B.2
  • 28
    • 0021865570 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of light-sensitive channels in vertebrate photoreceptors
    • Gray P, Attwell D. 1985. Kinetics of light-sensitive channels in vertebrate photoreceptors. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 223: 379-88.
    • (1985) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.223 , pp. 379-388
    • Gray, P.1    Attwell, D.2
  • 29
    • 0022544976 scopus 로고
    • Single cyclic GMP-activated channel activity in excised patches of rod outer segment membrane
    • Haynes LW, Kay AR, Yau KW. 1986. Single cyclic GMP-activated channel activity in excised patches of rod outer segment membrane. Nature 321: 66-70.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 66-70
    • Haynes, L.W.1    Kay, A.R.2    Yau, K.W.3
  • 30
    • 0022496631 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance of retinal rods consists of aqueous pores
    • Zimmerman AL, Baylor DA. 1986. Cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance of retinal rods consists of aqueous pores. Nature 321: 70-2.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 70-72
    • Zimmerman, A.L.1    Baylor, D.A.2
  • 31
    • 0141919837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple steps of phosphorylation of activated rhodopsin can account for the reproducibility of vertebrate rod single-photon responses
    • Hamer RD, Nicholas SC, Tranchina D, Liebman PA, et al. 2003. Multiple steps of phosphorylation of activated rhodopsin can account for the reproducibility of vertebrate rod single-photon responses. J Gen Physiol 122: 419-44.
    • (2003) J Gen Physiol , vol.122 , pp. 419-444
    • Hamer, R.D.1    Nicholas, S.C.2    Tranchina, D.3    Liebman, P.A.4
  • 32
    • 0031666785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of reproducibility in the responses of retinal rods to single photons
    • Rieke F, Baylor DA. 1998. Origin of reproducibility in the responses of retinal rods to single photons. Biophys J 75: 1836-57.
    • (1998) Biophys J , vol.75 , pp. 1836-1857
    • Rieke, F.1    Baylor, D.A.2
  • 33
    • 0033152452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the time course of single photon responses from toad rods: termination of rhodopsin's activity
    • Whitlock GG, Lamb TD. 1999. Variability in the time course of single photon responses from toad rods: termination of rhodopsin's activity. Neuron 23: 337-51.
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.23 , pp. 337-351
    • Whitlock, G.G.1    Lamb, T.D.2
  • 34
    • 33746659395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple phosphorylation sites confer reproducibility of the rod's single-photon responses
    • Doan T, Mendez A, Detwiler PB, Chen J, et al. 2006. Multiple phosphorylation sites confer reproducibility of the rod's single-photon responses. Science 313: 530-3.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 530-533
    • Doan, T.1    Mendez, A.2    Detwiler, P.B.3    Chen, J.4
  • 35
    • 0032368252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-photon detection by rod cells of the retina
    • Rieke F, Baylor DA. 1998. Single-photon detection by rod cells of the retina. Rev Mod Phys 70: 1027-36.
    • (1998) Rev Mod Phys , vol.70 , pp. 1027-1036
    • Rieke, F.1    Baylor, D.A.2
  • 36
    • 0023069475 scopus 로고
    • Physical limits to sensation and perception
    • Bialek W. 1987. Physical limits to sensation and perception. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 16: 455-78.
    • (1987) Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem , vol.16 , pp. 455-478
    • Bialek, W.1
  • 37
    • 0025114837 scopus 로고
    • Temporal filtering in retinal bipolar cells. Elements of an optimal computation?
    • Bialek W, Owen WG. 1990. Temporal filtering in retinal bipolar cells. Elements of an optimal computation? Biophys J 58: 1227-33.
    • (1990) Biophys J , vol.58 , pp. 1227-1233
    • Bialek, W.1    Owen, W.G.2
  • 38
    • 0038206544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bandpass filtering at the rod to second-order cell synapse in salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina
    • Armstrong-Gold CE, Rieke F. 2003. Bandpass filtering at the rod to second-order cell synapse in salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina. J Neurosci 23: 3796-806.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3796-3806
    • Armstrong-Gold, C.E.1    Rieke, F.2
  • 39
    • 0034193486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response characteristics and receptive field widths of on-bipolar cells in the mouse retina
    • 524 Pt 3
    • Berntson A, Taylor WR. 2000. Response characteristics and receptive field widths of on-bipolar cells in the mouse retina. J Physiol 524 Pt 3: 879-89.
    • (2000) J Physiol , pp. 879-889
    • Berntson, A.1    Taylor, W.R.2
  • 40
    • 0037198718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear signal transfer from mouse rods to bipolar cells and implications for visual sensitivity
    • Field GD, Rieke F. 2002. Nonlinear signal transfer from mouse rods to bipolar cells and implications for visual sensitivity. Neuron 34: 773-85.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.34 , pp. 773-785
    • Field, G.D.1    Rieke, F.2
  • 41
    • 79956083641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal filtering of the single photon response in the mouse retina. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
    • Okawa H, Sampath AP. 2009. Temporal filtering of the single photon response in the mouse retina. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Ft. Lauderdale, FL. p. 4567.
    • (2009) , pp. 4567
    • Okawa, H.1    Sampath, A.P.2
  • 42
    • 18144408355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recoverin improves rod-mediated vision by enhancing signal transmission in the mouse retina
    • Sampath AP, Strissel KJ, Elias R, Arshavsky VY, et al. 2005. Recoverin improves rod-mediated vision by enhancing signal transmission in the mouse retina. Neuron 46: 413-20.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.46 , pp. 413-420
    • Sampath, A.P.1    Strissel, K.J.2    Elias, R.3    Arshavsky, V.Y.4
  • 43
    • 0036983250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium channels at the photoreceptor synapse
    • Barnes S, Kelly ME. 2002. Calcium channels at the photoreceptor synapse. Adv Exp Med Biol 514: 465-76.
    • (2002) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.514 , pp. 465-476
    • Barnes, S.1    Kelly, M.E.2
  • 44
    • 0034854922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the alpha(1F) calcium channel subunit in the rat retina
    • Morgans CW. 2001. Localization of the alpha(1F) calcium channel subunit in the rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42: 2414-8.
    • (2001) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 2414-2418
    • Morgans, C.W.1
  • 45
    • 16544392171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+-binding protein 4, a Cav1.4 channel regulator, in photoreceptor synaptic function
    • 2+-binding protein 4, a Cav1.4 channel regulator, in photoreceptor synaptic function. Nat Neurosci 7: 1079-87.
    • (2004) Nat Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Haeseleer, F.1    Imanishi, Y.2    Maeda, T.3    Possin, D.E.4
  • 47
    • 28444452299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clockwork hypothesis: synaptic release by rod photoreceptors must be regular
    • Schein S, Ahmad KM. 2005. A clockwork hypothesis: synaptic release by rod photoreceptors must be regular. Biophys J 89: 3931-49.
    • (2005) Biophys J , vol.89 , pp. 3931-3949
    • Schein, S.1    Ahmad, K.M.2
  • 48
    • 0035085041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rod vision: pathways and processing in the mammalian retina
    • Bloomfield SA, Dacheux RF. 2001. Rod vision: pathways and processing in the mammalian retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 20: 351-84.
    • (2001) Prog Retin Eye Res , vol.20 , pp. 351-384
    • Bloomfield, S.A.1    Dacheux, R.F.2
  • 50
    • 0032170099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noise removal at the rod synapse of mammalian retina
    • van Rossum MC, Smith RG. 1998. Noise removal at the rod synapse of mammalian retina. Vis Neurosci 15: 809-21.
    • (1998) Vis Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 809-821
    • van Rossum, M.C.1    Smith, R.G.2
  • 51
    • 7944230378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of single photon signals through a binary synapse in the mammalian retina
    • Berntson A, Smith RG, Taylor WR. 2004. Transmission of single photon signals through a binary synapse in the mammalian retina. Vis Neurosci 21: 693-702.
    • (2004) Vis Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 693-702
    • Berntson, A.1    Smith, R.G.2    Taylor, W.R.3
  • 52
    • 7944234971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo studies of signaling in rod pathways of the mouse using the electroretinogram
    • Robson JG, Maeda H, Saszik SM, Frishman LJ. 2004. In vivo studies of signaling in rod pathways of the mouse using the electroretinogram. Vision Res 44: 3253-68.
    • (2004) Vision Res , vol.44 , pp. 3253-3268
    • Robson, J.G.1    Maeda, H.2    Saszik, S.M.3    Frishman, L.J.4
  • 53
    • 76249100557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRPM1 is a component of the retinal ON bipolar cell transduction channel in the mGluR6 cascade
    • Koike C, Obara T, Uriu Y, Numata T, et al. 2010. TRPM1 is a component of the retinal ON bipolar cell transduction channel in the mGluR6 cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 332-7.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 332-337
    • Koike, C.1    Obara, T.2    Uriu, Y.3    Numata, T.4
  • 54
    • 73149094062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRPM1 is required for the depolarizing light response in retinal ON-bipolar cells
    • Morgans CW, Zhang J, Jeffrey BG, Nelson SM, et al. 2009. TRPM1 is required for the depolarizing light response in retinal ON-bipolar cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 19174-8.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 19174-19178
    • Morgans, C.W.1    Zhang, J.2    Jeffrey, B.G.3    Nelson, S.M.4
  • 55
    • 66049158598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transient receptor potential-like channel mediates synaptic transmission in rod bipolar cells
    • Shen Y, Heimel JA, Kamermans M, Peachey NS, et al. 2009. A transient receptor potential-like channel mediates synaptic transmission in rod bipolar cells. J Neurosci 29: 6088-93.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 6088-6093
    • Shen, Y.1    Heimel, J.A.2    Kamermans, M.3    Peachey, N.S.4
  • 57
    • 1242271186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective transmission of single photon responses by saturation at the rod-to-rod bipolar synapse
    • Sampath AP, Rieke F. 2004. Selective transmission of single photon responses by saturation at the rod-to-rod bipolar synapse. Neuron 41: 431-43.
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.41 , pp. 431-443
    • Sampath, A.P.1    Rieke, F.2
  • 58
    • 77957828604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated control of sensitivity by two splice variants of Gα(o) in retinal ON bipolar cells
    • Okawa H, Pahlberg J, Rieke F, Birnbaumer L, et al. 2010. Coordinated control of sensitivity by two splice variants of Gα(o) in retinal ON bipolar cells. J Gen Physiol 136: 443-54.
    • (2010) J Gen Physiol , vol.136 , pp. 443-454
    • Okawa, H.1    Pahlberg, J.2    Rieke, F.3    Birnbaumer, L.4
  • 59
    • 41549118902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential output of the high-sensitivity rod photoreceptor: AII amacrine pathway
    • Petrides A, Trexler EB. 2008. Differential output of the high-sensitivity rod photoreceptor: AII amacrine pathway. J Comp Neurol 507: 1653-62.
    • (2008) J Comp Neurol , vol.507 , pp. 1653-1662
    • Petrides, A.1    Trexler, E.B.2
  • 60
    • 33947519480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivesicular release and saturation of glutamatergic signalling at retinal ribbon synapses
    • Singer JH. 2007. Multivesicular release and saturation of glutamatergic signalling at retinal ribbon synapses. J Physiol 580: 23-9.
    • (2007) J Physiol , vol.580 , pp. 23-29
    • Singer, J.H.1
  • 61
    • 3343005172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated multivesicular release at a mammalian ribbon synapse
    • Singer JH, Lassova L, Vardi N, Diamond JS. 2004. Coordinated multivesicular release at a mammalian ribbon synapse. Nat Neurosci 7: 826-33.
    • (2004) Nat Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 826-833
    • Singer, J.H.1    Lassova, L.2    Vardi, N.3    Diamond, J.S.4
  • 62
    • 0036159084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmitter release at the hair cell ribbon synapse
    • Glowatzki E, Fuchs PA. 2002. Transmitter release at the hair cell ribbon synapse. Nat Neurosci 5: 147-54.
    • (2002) Nat Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 147-154
    • Glowatzki, E.1    Fuchs, P.A.2
  • 63
    • 67049114041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unitary event underlying multiquantal EPSCs at a hair cell's ribbon synapse
    • Li GL, Keen E, Andor-Ardo D, Hudspeth AJ, et al. 2009. The unitary event underlying multiquantal EPSCs at a hair cell's ribbon synapse. J Neurosci 29: 7558-68.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 7558-7568
    • Li, G.L.1    Keen, E.2    Andor-Ardo, D.3    Hudspeth, A.J.4
  • 64
    • 0037079080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connexin36 is essential for transmission of rod-mediated visual signals in the mammalian retina
    • Deans MR, Volgyi B, Goodenough DA, Bloomfield SA, et al. 2002. Connexin36 is essential for transmission of rod-mediated visual signals in the mammalian retina. Neuron 36: 703-12.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 703-712
    • Deans, M.R.1    Volgyi, B.2    Goodenough, D.A.3    Bloomfield, S.A.4
  • 65
    • 33646106781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the gain of rod-mediated signals in the mammalian retina
    • Dunn FA, Doan T, Sampath AP, Rieke F. 2006. Controlling the gain of rod-mediated signals in the mammalian retina. J Neurosci 26: 3959-70.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 3959-3970
    • Dunn, F.A.1    Doan, T.2    Sampath, A.P.3    Rieke, F.4
  • 66
    • 0029360572 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the AII amacrine cell of mammalian retina: functional consequences of electrical coupling and regenerative membrane properties
    • Smith RG, Vardi N. 1995. Simulation of the AII amacrine cell of mammalian retina: functional consequences of electrical coupling and regenerative membrane properties. Vis Neurosci 12: 851-60.
    • (1995) Vis Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 851-860
    • Smith, R.G.1    Vardi, N.2
  • 67
    • 0037075608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AII (Rod) amacrine cells form a network of electrically coupled interneurons in the mammalian retina
    • Veruki ML, Hartveit E. 2002. AII (Rod) amacrine cells form a network of electrically coupled interneurons in the mammalian retina. Neuron 33: 935-46.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.33 , pp. 935-946
    • Veruki, M.L.1    Hartveit, E.2
  • 69
    • 0034972776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting every spike: a model for the responses of visual neurons
    • Keat J, Reinagel P, Reid RC, Meister M. 2001. Predicting every spike: a model for the responses of visual neurons. Neuron 30: 803-17.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 803-817
    • Keat, J.1    Reinagel, P.2    Reid, R.C.3    Meister, M.4
  • 70
    • 33750501135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network variability limits stimulus-evoked spike timing precision in retinal ganglion cells
    • Murphy GJ, Rieke F. 2006. Network variability limits stimulus-evoked spike timing precision in retinal ganglion cells. Neuron 52: 511-24.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.52 , pp. 511-524
    • Murphy, G.J.1    Rieke, F.2
  • 71
    • 0015161447 scopus 로고
    • Responses to single quanta of light in retinal ganglion cells of the cat
    • Barlow HB, Levick WR, Yoon M. 1971. Responses to single quanta of light in retinal ganglion cells of the cat. Vision Res Suppl 3: 87-101.
    • (1971) Vision Res , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 87-101
    • Barlow, H.B.1    Levick, W.R.2    Yoon, M.3
  • 72
    • 0020654194 scopus 로고
    • Correlated firing of cat retinal ganglion cells. II. Responses of X- and Y-cells to single quantal events
    • Mastronarde DN. 1983. Correlated firing of cat retinal ganglion cells. II. Responses of X- and Y-cells to single quantal events. J Neurophysiol 49: 325-49.
    • (1983) J Neurophysiol , vol.49 , pp. 325-349
    • Mastronarde, D.N.1
  • 73
    • 1642465054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spike generator limits efficiency of information transfer in a retinal ganglion cell
    • Dhingra NK, Smith RG. 2004. Spike generator limits efficiency of information transfer in a retinal ganglion cell. J Neurosci 24: 2914-22.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 2914-2922
    • Dhingra, N.K.1    Smith, R.G.2
  • 74
    • 30644477332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap-junctional coupling and absolute sensitivity of photoreceptors in macaque retina
    • Hornstein EP, Verweij J, Li PH, Schnapf JL. 2005. Gap-junctional coupling and absolute sensitivity of photoreceptors in macaque retina. J Neurosci 25: 11201-9.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 11201-11209
    • Hornstein, E.P.1    Verweij, J.2    Li, P.H.3    Schnapf, J.L.4
  • 75
    • 0033670214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of steady phosphodiesterase activity in the kinetics and sensitivity of the light-adapted salamander rod photoresponse
    • Nikonov S, Lamb TD, Pugh EN, Jr. 2000. The role of steady phosphodiesterase activity in the kinetics and sensitivity of the light-adapted salamander rod photoresponse. J Gen Physiol 116: 795-824.
    • (2000) J Gen Physiol , vol.116 , pp. 795-824
    • Nikonov, S.1    Lamb, T.D.2    Pugh Jr, E.N.3
  • 76
    • 0029125896 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory transduction is intrinsically noisy
    • Lowe G, Gold GH. 1995. Olfactory transduction is intrinsically noisy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 7864-8.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 7864-7868
    • Lowe, G.1    Gold, G.H.2
  • 77
    • 0030453609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quinine-activated cationic conductance in vertebrate taste receptor cells
    • Tsunenari T, Hayashi Y, Orita M, Kurahashi T, et al. 1996. A quinine-activated cationic conductance in vertebrate taste receptor cells. J Gen Physiol 108: 515-23.
    • (1996) J Gen Physiol , vol.108 , pp. 515-523
    • Tsunenari, T.1    Hayashi, Y.2    Orita, M.3    Kurahashi, T.4
  • 78
    • 0001166495 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity, polarity, and conductance change in the response of vertebrate hair cells to controlled mechanical stimuli
    • Hudspeth AJ, Corey DP. 1977. Sensitivity, polarity, and conductance change in the response of vertebrate hair cells to controlled mechanical stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 2407-11.
    • (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.74 , pp. 2407-2411
    • Hudspeth, A.J.1    Corey, D.P.2
  • 80
    • 0014299734 scopus 로고
    • Responses to single photons in virual cells of limulus
    • Borsellino A, Fuortes MG. 1968. Responses to single photons in virual cells of limulus. J Physiol 196: 507-39.
    • (1968) J Physiol , vol.196 , pp. 507-539
    • Borsellino, A.1    Fuortes, M.G.2
  • 81
    • 21344463521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elementary response of olfactory receptor neurons to odorants
    • Bhandawat V, Reisert J, Yau KW. 2005. Elementary response of olfactory receptor neurons to odorants. Science 308: 1931-4.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1931-1934
    • Bhandawat, V.1    Reisert, J.2    Yau, K.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.