Developmental mechanisms involved in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Current Atherosclerosis Reports

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 170-175

  Napoli, Claudio ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Epigenetics

Indexed keywords

COLESTYRAMINE; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DISEASE COURSE; DNA METHYLATION; DNA MODIFICATION; EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; EPIGENETICS; GENE TARGETING; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRIMARY PREVENTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EPIGENOMICS; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79955926043     PISSN: 15233804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0156-x     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Rich-Edwards JW, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, et al: The primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1758-1766,
2. Gotto AM Jr. Lipid-lowering therapy for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:2078-2082.
3. Napoli C, Lerman LO, de Nigris F, et al: Rethinking primary prevention of atherosclerosis-related diseases. Circulation 2006; 114:2517-2527. (Pubitemid 44901525)
4. Napoli C, Cacciatore F. Novel pathogenic insights in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 2009; 51:503-523. This exhaustive review reports the state of the art of primary prevention of CVD.
5. Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al: for the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR); Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD); International Diabetes Federation Europe (IDF-Europe); European Stroke Initiative (EUSI); Society of Behavioural Medicine (ISBM); European Society of Hypertension (ESH); WONCA Europe (European Society of General Practice/Family Medicine); European Heart Network (EHN); European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 14 Suppl 2:S1-113,
6. Hayman LL, Meininger JC, Daniels SR, et al: American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in nursing practice: focus on children and youth: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2007;116:344-357. (Pubitemid 47201829)
7. Napoli C, Palinski W. Clinical and pathogenic implications of maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy for the later development of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2001; 22:4-9. (Pubitemid 32622180)
8. Freeman DJ. Effects of maternal obesity on fetal growth and body composition: implications for programming and future health. Seminar Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 15:113-118.
9. Maunakea AK, Chepelev I, Zhao K, Bruneau B. Epigenome mapping in normal and disease states. Circ Res. 2010;107:327-339. This is the first systematic review on epigenetics and CVD.
10. Napoli C, D'Armiento FP, Witztum JL, et al. Fatty streak formation occurs in human fetal aortas and is greatly enhanced by maternal hypercholesterolemia. Intimal accumulation of low density lipoprotein and its oxidation precede monocyte recruitment into early atherosclerotic lesions. J Clin Invest 1997, 100:2680-2690. (Pubitemid 28007535)
11. Napoli C, Glass CK, Witztum JL, et al. Influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy on progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood: Fate of Early Lesions in Children (FELIC) study. Lancet 1999, 354:1234-1241. (Pubitemid 29469351)
12. Napoli C, Witztum JL, Calara F, de Nigris F, Palinski W. Maternal hypercholesterolemia enhances atherogenesis in normocholesterolemic rabbits, which is inhibited by antioxidant or lipid-lowering intervention during pregnancy: an experimental model of atherogenic mechanisms in human fetuses. Circ Res. 2000;87:946-52.
13. Napoli C, de Nigris F, Welch JS, Calara FB, Stuart RO, Glass CK, Palinski W. Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy promotes early atherogenesis in LDL receptor-deficient mice and alters aortic gene expression determined by microarray. Circulation. 2002; 105:1360-7. (Pubitemid 34260429)
14. Yamashita T, Freigang S, Eberle C, Pattison J, Gupta S, Napoli C, Palinski W. Maternal immunization programs postnatal immune responses and reduces atherosclerosis in offspring. Circ Res. 2006;99:e51-64.
15. Alkemade FE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Schiel AE, VanMunsteren JC, Hogers B, van Vliet LS, Poelmann RE, Havekes LM, Willems van Dijk K, DeRuiter MC. Intrauterine exposure to maternal atherosclerotic risk factors increases the susceptibility to atherosclerosis in adult life. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:2228-2235. (Pubitemid 350287254)
16. Goharkhay N, Sbrana E, Gamble PK, Tamayo EH, Betancourt A, Villarreal K, Hankins GD, Saade GR, Longo M. Characterization of a murine model of fetal programming of atherosclerosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:416.e1-5.
17. Elahi MM, Cagampang FR, Anthony FW, Curzen N, Ohri SK, Hanson MA. Statin treatment in hypercholesterolemic pregnant mice reduces cardiovascular risk factors in their offspring. Hypertension. 2008;51:939-44. (Pubitemid 351654708)
18. van der Graaf A, Vissers MN, Gaudet D, Brisson D, Sivapalaratnam S, Roseboom TJ, Jansen AC, Kastelein JJ, Hutten BA. Dyslipidemia of mothers with familial hypercholesterolemia deteriorates lipids in adult offspring. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print].
19. Liguori A, D'Armiento FP, Palagiano A, et al: Effect of gestational hypercholesterolemia on omental vasoreactivity, placental enzyme activity and transplacental passage of normal and oxidized fatty acids. BJOG 2007;114:1547-56. (Pubitemid 350077430)
20. Liguori A, D'Armiento FP, Palagiano A, et al: Maternal CRP and developmental programming of atherosclerosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198:281-5.
21. Jaddoe VW, de Ridder MA, van den Elzen AP, Hofman A, Uiterwaal CS, Witteman JC. Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with cholesterol development in the offspring: A 27-years follow-up study. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196:42-8.
22. Gunes T, Koklu E, Yikilmaz A, Ozturk MA, Akcakus M, Kurtoglu S, Coskun A, Koklu S. Influence of maternal smoking on neonatal aortic intima-media thickness, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166:1039-1044. (Pubitemid 47313068)
23. Avis HJ, Hutten BA, Twickler MT, Kastelein JJ, van der Post JA, Stalenhoef AF, Vissers MN. Pregnancy in women suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia: a harmful period for both mother and newborn? Curr Opin Lipidol. 2009;20:484-90.
24. Barker DJP.The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med. 2007;261:412-7.
25. Huxley R, Neil A, Collins R. Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure? Lancet. 2002;360:659-665.
26. McMahan CA, Gidding SS, Malcom GT, et al: Pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth risk scores are associated with early and advanced atherosclerosis. Pediatrics 2006;118:1447-1455. (Pubitemid 46393790)
27. Barker DJ, Osmond C, Forsen TJ, et al: Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1802-9. (Pubitemid 41549892)
28. Stettler N, Stallings VA, Troxel AB, et al: Weight gain in the first week of life and overweight in adulthood: a cohort study of European American subjects fed infant formula. Circulation 2005; 111:1897-1903. (Pubitemid 40570209)
29. McCrindle BW, Urbina EM, Dennison BA, et al: American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee; American Heart Association Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Drug therapy of high-risk lipid abnormalities in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee, Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, with the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 2007; 115:1948-1967. (Pubitemid 46598908)
30. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, et al: Birth weight and adult hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men. Circulation 1996; 94:3246-3250. (Pubitemid 26427494)
31. Turunen MP, Aavik E, Ylä-Herttuala S. Epigenetics and atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1790:886-891. This is a comprehensive review focused selectively on epigenetics and arteriosclerosis.
32. Post WS, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Wilhide CC, Heldman AW, Sussman MS, Ouyang P, et al . Methylation of the estrogen receptor gene is associated with aging and atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res. 1999;43:985-991. (Pubitemid 29413198)
33. Kim J, Kim JY, Song KS, Lee YH, Seo JS, Jelinek J, et al. Epigenetic changes in estrogen receptor beta gene in atherosclerotic cardiovascular tissues and in-vitro vascular senescence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007;1772:72-80. (Pubitemid 44960730)
34. Stenvinkel P, Karimi M, Johansson S, Axelsson J, Suliman M, Lindholm B, et al Impact of inflammation on epigenetic DNA methylation - a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease J Intern Med. 2007;261:488-499.
35. Sharma P, Kumar J, Garg G, Kumar A, Patowary A, Karthikeyan G, et al Detection of altered global DNA methylation in coronary artery disease patients. DNA Cell Biol. 2008;27:357-365. (Pubitemid 351969854)
36. Chao CL, Tsai HH, Lee CM, Hsu SM, Kao JT, Chien KL, et al. The graded effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1999;147:379-386.
37. Wald DS, Law M, Morris J. Serum homocysteine and the severity of coronary artery disease. Thromb Res. 2003;111:55-57. (Pubitemid 37485927)
38. Abbott A. Project set to map marks on genome. Nature 2010;463:596-597.
39. Pons D, de Vries FR, van den Elsen PJ, Heijmans BT, Quax PH, Jukema JW. Epigenetic histone acetylation modifiers in vascular remodelling: new targets for therapy in cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:266-277.
40. Mai A. The therapeutic uses of chromatin-modifying agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007;11:835-851. (Pubitemid 46908272)
41. Napoli C, de Nigris F, Williams-Ignarro S, et al: Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis: An update. Nitric Oxide 2006; 15:265-279. (Pubitemid 44649284)
42. Budoff MJ, Gopal A, Gopalakrishnan D. Cardiac computed tomography: diagnostic utility and integration in clinical practice. Clin Cardiol 2006; 29(9 Suppl 1):I4-14.
43. Gropler RJ. Molecular imaging will replace myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2008;15:429-434. (Pubitemid 351716069)
44. Davis PH, Dawson JD, Riley WA, et al: Carotid intimal-medial thickness is related to cardiovascular risk factors measured from childhood through middle age: the Muscatine Study. Circulation 2001; 104:2815-2819. (Pubitemid 33126656)
45. Poston L. Developmental programming and diabetes - The human experience and insight from animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;24:541-52. This is an updated review on fetal programming and diabetes.
46. Palinski W, Napoli C. The fetal origins of atherosclerosis: maternal hypercholesterolemia, and cholesterol-lowering or antioxidant treatment during pregnancy influence in utero programming and postnatal susceptibility to atherogenesis. FASEB J. 2002, 16:1348-1360. (Pubitemid 34913307)