Pharmacology and metabolism of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin in the treatment of invasive candidosis - Review of the literature

European Journal of Medical Research

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 159-166

  Kofla, G ^a   Ruhnke, M ^a  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anidulafungin; Antifungal agents; Caspofungin; Echinocandins; Micafungin; Pharmacology

Indexed keywords

1,3 BETA GLUCAN SYNTHASE; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANIDULAFUNGIN; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CASPOFUNGIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; DEXAMETHASONE; ECHINOCANDIN; EFAVIRENZ; ENFUMAFUNGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; NEVIRAPINE; PHENYTOIN; RAPAMYCIN; RIFAMPICIN; TACROLIMUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ASPERGILLUS; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; CANDIDA; CANDIDIASIS; DIARRHEA; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SOLUBILITY; ESOPHAGUS CANDIDIASIS; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LOADING DRUG DOSE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; PREGNANT WOMAN; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING; BIOFILM; BREAST FEEDING; CHILD HEALTH CARE; DRUG INTERACTION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GERIATRIC CARE; LIVER INJURY; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PREGNANCY; PROTEIN BINDING; THROMBOPHLEBITIS;

EID: 79955920230     PISSN: 09492321     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-4-159     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Cappelletty D, Eiselstein-McKitrick K. The echinocandins. Pharmacotherapy 2007 March;27(3):369-88. (Pubitemid 46327905)
2. Denning DW. Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Lancet 2003 October 4;362(9390):1142-51. (Pubitemid 37222342)
3. Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999 August;29(2):239-44. (Pubitemid 29380177)
4. Wisplinghoff H, Seifert H, Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. Current trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies and solid neoplasms in hospitals in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2003 May 1;36(9):1103-10. (Pubitemid 36553108)
5. Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent SM et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 2004 August 1;39(3):309-17. (Pubitemid 39050477)
6. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN et al. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol 2001 September;39(9):3254-9. (Pubitemid 32830323)
7. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice: global trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004 March;10 Suppl 1:11-23. (Pubitemid 38386593)
8. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009 March 1;48(5):503-35.
9. Wiederhold NP, Lewis RE. The echinocandin antifungals: an overview of the pharmacology, spectrum and clinical efficacy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003 August;12(8):1313-33.
10. Odds FC, Brown AJ, Gow NA. Antifungal agents: mechanisms of action. Trends Microbiol 2003 June;11(6):272-9. (Pubitemid 36725017)
11. Pound MW, Townsend ML, Drew RH. Echinocandin pharmacodynamics: review and clinical implications. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010 June;65(6):1108-18.
12. European Medicines Agency. Anidulafungin. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/ index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000788/human-med- 000751jsp&murl=menus/medicines/medicinesjsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d125 2009;
13. European Medicines Agency. Caspofungin. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/ index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000379/human-med- 000684jsp&murl=menus/medicines/medicinesjsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d125 2009;
14. European Medicines Agency. Micafungin. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en- GB/document-library/EPAR---Product-Information/human/000734/WC500031075 pdf 2009;
15. Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pappas PG. Invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2006 March;34(3):857-63.
16. Chen SC, Slavin MA, Sorrell TC. Echinocandin antifungal drugs in fungal infections: a comparison. Drugs 2011 January 1;71(1):11-41.
17. Del PM, Cruz MC, Cardenas ME et al. Synergistic antifungal activities of bafilomycin A(1), fluconazole, and the pneumocandin MK-0991/caspofungin acetate (L-743,873) with calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and L-685,818 against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000 March;44(3):739-46.
18. Marchetti O, Moreillon P, Glauser MP et al. Potent synergism of the combination of fluconazole and cyclosporine in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000 September;44(9):2373-81. (Pubitemid 30650882)
19. Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Rex JH, Pappas PG et al. Antifungal susceptibility survey of 2,000 bloodstream Candida isolates in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003 October;47(10):3149-54. (Pubitemid 37229571)
20. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Ostrosky-Zeichner L et al. Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin: analysis and proposal for interpretive MIC breakpoints. J Clin Microbiol 2008 August;46(8):2620-9.
21. Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ et al. In Vitro Susceptibility of Invasive Isolates of Candida spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin: Six Years of Global Surveillance. J Clin Microbiol 2008 January;46(1):150-6.
22. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Third Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 28[15], 1-19. 2008.
23. Cheung C, Guo Y, Gialanella P, Feldmesser M. Development of candidemia on caspofungin therapy: a case report. Infection 2006 December;34(6):345-8. (Pubitemid 44968928)
24. Miller CD, Lomaestro BW, Park S, Perlin DS. Progressive esophagitis caused by Candida albicans with reduced susceptibility to caspofungin. Pharmacotherapy 2006 June; 26(6):877-80. (Pubitemid 43807639)
25. Laverdiere M, Lalonde RG, Baril JG et al. Progressive loss of echinocandin activity following prolonged use for treatment of Candida albicans oesophagitis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006 April;57(4):705-8.
26. Hernandez S, Lopez-Ribot JL, Najvar LK et al. Caspofungin resistance in Candida albicans: correlating clinical outcome with laboratory susceptibility testing of three isogenic isolates serially obtained from a patient with progressive Candida esophagitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004 April;48(4):1382-3. (Pubitemid 38405501)
27. Moudgal V, Little T, Boikov D, Vazquez JA. Multiechinocandin- and multiazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolates serially obtained during therapy for prosthetic valve endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005 February;49(2):767-9. (Pubitemid 40175691)
28. Hakki M, Staab JF, Marr KA. Emergence of a Candida krusei isolate with reduced susceptibility to caspofungin during therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006 July;50(7):2522-4. (Pubitemid 43993195)
29. Kabbara N, Lacroix C, Peffault de LR et al. Breakthrough C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii blood stream infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving long-term caspofungin therapy. Haematologica 2008 April;93(4):639-40. (Pubitemid 351536400)
30. Balashov SV, Park S, Perlin DS. Assessing resistance to the echinocandin antifungal drug caspofungin in Candida albicans by profiling mutations in FKS1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006 June;50(6):2058-63. (Pubitemid 43807526)
31. Kahn JN, Garcia-Effron G, Hsu MJ et al. Acquired echinocandin resistance in a Candida krusei isolate due to modification of glucan synthase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007 May;51(5):1876-8. (Pubitemid 46744179)
32. Schuetzer-Muehlbauer M, Willinger B, Krapf G et al. The Candida albicans Cdr2p ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter confers resistance to caspofungin. Mol Microbiol 2003 April;48(1):225-35. (Pubitemid 36411479)
33. Louie A, Deziel M, Liu W et al. Pharmacodynamics of caspofungin in a murine model of systemic candidiasis: importance of persistence of caspofungin in tissues to understanding drug activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005 December;49(12):5058-68. (Pubitemid 41778921)
34. Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Groll AH et al. Antifungal activity of LY303366, a novel echinocandin B, in experimental disseminated candidiasis in rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 September;43(9):2148-55. (Pubitemid 29421192)
35. Nguyen KT, Ta P, Hoang BT et al. Anidulafungin is fungicidal and exerts a variety of postantifungal effects against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009 August;53(8):3347-52.
36. Cota J, Carden M, Graybill JR et al. In vitro pharmacodynamics of anidulafungin and caspofungin against Candida glabrata isolates, including strains with decreased caspofungin susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006 November;50(11):3926-8.
37. Gumbo T, Drusano GL, Liu W et al. Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007 March;51(3):968-74. (Pubitemid 46355282)
38. Gumbo T, Drusano GL, Liu W et al. Anidulafungin pharmacokinetics and microbial response in neutropenic mice with disseminated candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006 November;50(11):3695-700. (Pubitemid 44684883)
39. Gumbo T. Impact of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics on echinocandin dosing strategies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2007 December;20(6):587-91. (Pubitemid 350059518)
40. Mehta PA, Vinks AA, Filipovich A et al. Alternate-day micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010 October;16(10):1458-62.
41. Clemons KV, Espiritu M, Parmar R, Stevens DA. Assessment of the paradoxical effect of caspofungin in therapy of candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006 April;50(4):1293-7.
42. Bizerra FC, Melo AS, Katchburian E et al. Changes in cell wall synthesis and ultrastructure during paradoxical growth effect of caspofungin on four different Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011 January;55(1):302- 10.
43. Melo AS, Colombo AL, Arthington-Skaggs BA. Paradoxical growth effect of caspofungin observed on biofilms and planktonic cells of five different Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007 September;51(9):3081-8. (Pubitemid 350067512)
44. Fleischhacker M, Radecke C, Schulz B, Ruhnke M. Paradoxical growth effects of the echinocandins caspofungin and micafungin, but not of anidulafungin, on clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008 February; 27(2):127-31.
45. Cateau E, Rodier MH, Imbert C. In vitro efficacies of caspofungin or micafungin catheter lock solutions on Candida albicans biofilm growth. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008 July;62(1):153-5.
46. Cocuaud C, Rodier MH, Daniault G, Imbert C. Anti-metabolic activity of caspofungin against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005 September;56(3):507-12. (Pubitemid 41264128)
47. Kuhn DM, Ghannoum MA. Candida biofilms: antifungal resistance and emerging therapeutic options. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2004 February;5(2):186- 97.
48. Lattif AA, Mukherjee K, Chandra J et al. Characterization of biofilms formed by Candida parapsilosis, C. metapsilosis, and C. orthopsilosis. Int J Med Microbiol 2009 November 19.
49. Weber K, Sohr R, Schulz B et al. Secretion of E,E-farnesol and biofilm formation in eight different Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008 May;52(5):1859-61. (Pubitemid 351614688)
50. Onishi J, Meinz M, Thompson J et al. Discovery of novel antifungal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000 February;44(2):368-77.
51. Gauthier GM, Nork TM, Prince R, Andes D. Subtherapeutic ocular penetration of caspofungin and associated treatment failure in Candida albicans endophthalmitis. Clin Infect Dis 2005 August 1;41(3):e27-e28.
52. Hope WW, Mickiene D, Petraitis V et al. The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Micafungin in Experimental Hematogenous Candida Meningoencephalitis: Implications for Echinocandin Therapy in Neonates. J Infect Dis 2008 January 1;197(1):163-71. (Pubitemid 351263481)
53. Dowell JA, Stogniew M, Krause D, Damle B. Anidulafungin does not require dosage adjustment in subjects with varying degrees of hepatic or renal impairment. J Clin Pharmacol 2007 April;47(4):461-70. (Pubitemid 46465954)
54. Morris MI, Villmann M. Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, part 1. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006 September 15;63(18):1693-703. (Pubitemid 44413505)
55. Estes KE, Penzak SR, Calis KA, Walsh TJ. Pharmacology and antifungal properties of anidulafungin, a new echinocandin. Pharmacotherapy 2009 January;29(1):17-30.
56. Hope WW, Smith PB, Arrieta A et al. Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010 June;54(6):2633-7.
57. Gumbo T, Hiemenz J, Ma L et al. Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adult patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007 November 15.
58. Nguyen TH, Hoppe-Tichy T, Geiss HK et al. Factors influencing caspofungin plasma concentrations in patients of a surgical intensive care unit. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007 July;60(1):100-6. (Pubitemid 47073282)
59. Andes D, Pascual A, Marchetti O. Antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: established and emerging indications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009 January;53(1):24-34.
60. Betts RF, Nucci M, Talwar D et al. A Multicenter, double-blind trial of a high-dose caspofungin treatment regimen versus a standard caspofungin treatment regimen for adult patients with invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2009 June 15;48(12):1676-84.
61. Cornely OA, Lasso M, Betts R et al. Caspofungin for the treatment of less common forms of invasive candidiasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007 Aug;60(2):363-9. Epub 2007 May 26. (Pubitemid 47243887)
62. Stone JA, Holland SD, Wickersham PJ et al. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in healthy men. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 March;46(3):739-45. (Pubitemid 34157659)
63. Walsh TJ, Adamson PC, Seibel NL et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of caspofungin in children and adolescents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005 November;49(11):4536-45.
64. van Burik JA, Ratanatharathorn V, Stepan DE et al. Micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2004 November 15;39(10):1407-16. (Pubitemid 39518200)
65. Kuse ER, Chetchotisakd P, da Cunha CA et al. Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a phase III randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2007 May 5;369(9572):1519-27. (Pubitemid 46670281)
66. de Wet N, Llanos-Cuentas A, Suleiman J et al. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Clin Infect Dis 2004 September 15;39(6):842-9. (Pubitemid 39244300)
67. Damle B, Stogniew M, Dowell J. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anidulafungin in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008 July;52(7):2673-6. (Pubitemid 351915707)
68. Krause DS, Reinhardt J, Vazquez JA et al. Phase 2, randomized, dose-ranging study evaluating the safety and efficacy of anidulafungin in invasive candidiasis and candidemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004 June;48(6):2021-4.
69. Krause DS, Simjee AE, van Rensburg C et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of anidulafungin versus fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004 September 15;39(6):770-5. (Pubitemid 39244288)
70. Hope WW, Seibel NL, Schwartz CL et al. Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in pediatric patients and implications for antifungal dosing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007 October;51(10):3714-9. (Pubitemid 47519363)
71. Benjamin DK, Jr., Driscoll T, Seibel NL et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous anidulafungin in children with neutropenia at high risk for invasive fungal infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006 February;50(2):632-8. (Pubitemid 43190976)
72. Kartsonis NA, Nielsen J, Douglas CM. Caspofungin: the first in a new class of antifungal agents. Drug Resist Updat 2003 August;6(4):197-218. (Pubitemid 37129919)
73. Saner F, Gensicke J, Rath P et al. Safety profile of concomitant use of caspofungin and cyclosporine or tacrolimus in liver transplant patients. Infection 2006 December;34(6):328-32. (Pubitemid 44968925)
74. Marr KA, Hachem R, Papanicolaou G et al. Retrospective study of the hepatic safety profile of patients concomitantly treated with caspofungin and cyclosporin A. Transpl Infect Dis 2004 September;6(3):110-6.
75. Steinbach WJ, Schell WA, Blankenship JR et al. In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004 May;48(5):1664-9.
76. Walsh TJ, Teppler H, Donowitz GR et al. Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med 2004 September 30;351(14):1391-402.
77. Bruynesteyn K, Gant V, McKenzie C et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis of caspofungin vs. liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of suspected fungal infections in the UK. Eur J Haematol 2007 June;78(6):532-9. (Pubitemid 46753596)
78. Cornely OA, Sidhu M, Odeyemi I et al. Economic analysis of micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in Germany. Curr Med Res Opin 2008 June;24(6):1743-53. (Pubitemid 351929071)
79. Reboli AC, Rotstein C, Pappas PG et al. Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2007 June 14;356(24):2472-82. (Pubitemid 46919773)
80. Zilberberg MD, Kothari S, Shorr AF. Cost-effectiveness of micafungin as an alternative to fluconazole empiric treatment of suspected ICU-acquired candidemia among patients with sepsis: a model simulation. Crit Care 2009;13(3):R94.