A review of class-based theories of student resistance in education: Mapping the origins and influence of learning to labor by paul willis

Review of Educational Research

Volumn 81, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 234-266

  McGrew, Ken ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

critical ethnography; critical theory; new sociology of school knowledge; Paul Willis; reproduction theory; resistance theory; Samuel Bowles Herbert Gintis; sociology of education

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955743890     PISSN: 00346543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3102/0034654311402358     Document Type: Review

References (168)

1. Abowitz K. K. A pragmatist revisioning of resistance theory.American Educational Research Journal. 2000;37: 877-907.
2. Aggleton P. J.,Whitty G. Rebels without a cause? Socialization and subcultural style among the children of the new middle classes.Sociology of Education. 1985;58: 60-72.
3. Akiba M.,LeTendre G. K.,Baker D. P.,Goesling B. Student victimization: National and school system effects on school violence in 37 nations.American Educational Research Journal. 2002;39: 829-853.
4. Akom A. A. Reexamining resistance as oppositional behavior: The Nation of Islam and the creation of a Black achievement ideology.Sociology of Education. 2003;76: 305-325.
5. Allinsmith W.,Goethals G. W. Cultural factors in mental health: An anthropological perspective.Review of Educational Research. 1956;26: 429-450.
6. Anderson G. Critical ethnography in education: Origins, current status, and new directions.Review of Educational Research. 1989;59: 249-270.
7. Anyon J. Radical possibilities: Public policy, urban education, and a new social movement. New York, NY: Routledge; 2005:.
8. Anyon J. Marx and education. New York, NY: Routledge; 2011:.
9. Apple M. W. Analyzing determinations: Understanding and evaluating the production of social outcomes in schools.Curriculum Inquiry. 1980;10: 55-76.
10. Apple M. W. The other side of the hidden curriculum: correspondence theories and the labor process.Interchange. 1980-1981;11 (3): 5-22.
11. Cultural and economic reproduction in education: Essays on class, ideology, and the state. Apple M. W., ed. Boston, MA: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1982:.
12. Apple M. W. Review: Standing on the shoulders of Bowles and Gintis: Class formation and capitalist schools.History of Education Quarterly. 1988;28: 231-241.
13. Apple M. W. Learning to Labor in new times. Dolby N. Dimitriadis G., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:61-82.
14. Archer M. S. Culture and agency: The place of culture in social theory. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1988:.
15. Arnot M. Learning to Labor in new times. Dolby N. Dimitriadis G., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:15-34.
16. Aronowitz S. Learning to Labor in new times. Dolby N. Dimitriadis G., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:x-xiii.
17. Atkinson P.,Delamont S.,Hammersley M. Qualitative research traditions: A British response to Jacob.Review of Educational Research. 1988;58: 231-250.
18. Barringer C.,Gholson B. Effects of type and combination of feedback upon conceptual learning by children: Implications for research in academic learning.Review of Educational Research. 1979;49: 459-478.
19. Bellaby P. Contemporary research in the sociology of education. Eggleston J., ed. London, UK: Methuen; 1974:167-184.
20. Berger B. M. Structure and choice in the sociology of culture.Theory and Society. 1991;20: 1-19.
21. Bills D.,Park S. E. A review of Learning to Labor in new times.Educational Studies. 2008;43: 263-267.
22. Bourgois P. In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2003:.
23. Bowles S.,Gintis H. Schooling in capitalist America. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1976:.
24. Bowles S.,Gintis H. Democracy & capitalism: Property, community, and the contradictions of modern social thought. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1986:.
25. Bowles S.,Gintis H. Bowles and Gintis revisited: Correspondence and contradiction in educational theory. Cole M., ed. New York, NY: Falmer; 1988a:1-6.
26. Bowles S.,Gintis H. Bowles and Gintis revisited: Correspondence and contradiction in educational theory. Cole M., ed. New York, NY: Falmer; 1988b:235-246.
27. Bowles S.,Gintis H. Schooling in capitalist America revisited.Sociology of Education. 2001;75: 1-18.
28. Brantlinger E. Low-income adolescents' perceptions of school, intelligence, and themselves as students.Curriculum Inquiry. 1990;20: 283-304.
29. Brosio R. A. A radical democratic critique of capitalist education. New York, NY: Peter Lang; 1994:.
30. Bucholtz M. Youth and cultural practice.Annual Review of Anthropology. 2002;31: 525-552.
31. Burgess G. On Hobbesian resistance theory.Political Studies. 2006;42 (1): 62-83.
32. Carspecken P. F. Critical ethnography in educational research: A theoretical and practical guide. New York, NY: Routledge; 1996:.
33. Clarke J.,Hall S.,Jefferson T.,Roberts B. Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain. Hall S. Jefferson T., ed. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham; 1976:9-75.
34. Cohen A. K. Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang. Glencoe, IL: Free Press; 1955:.
35. Cohen P. The subcultures reader. Gelder K. Thornton S., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 1997:90-99.
36. Cohen P. Rethinking the youth question: Education, labour, and cultural studies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 1999:.
37. Cole M. Bowles and Gintis revisited: Correspondence and contradiction in educational theory. New York, NY: Falmer; 1988:.
38. Cole M. Marxism and educational theory: Origins and issues. New York, NY: Routledge; 2008:.
39. Corrigan P.,Frith R. Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain. Hall S. Jefferson T., ed. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham; 1976:231-242.
40. Dance L. J. Rough fronts: The impact of street culture on schooling. New York, NY: Routledge; 2002:.
41. Davies S. Reproduction and resistance in Canadian high schools: An empirical examination of the Willis thesis.British Journal of Sociology. 1995;46: 662-687.
42. Dei G.,Zine J.,Mazucca J.,McIsaac E. Reconstructing "drop-out": A critical ethnography of the dynamics of black students' disengagement from school. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press; 1997:.
43. Denson N. Do curricular and cocurricular diversity activities influence racial bias? A meta-analysis.Review of Educational Research. 2009;79: 805-838.
44. Dewey J. Democracy and Education. New York, NY: Free Press; 1916/44:.
45. Dippo D.,Gelb S. Making the political personal: Problems of privilege and power in post-secondary teaching.Journal of Education. 1991;173 (3): 81-95.
46. Learning to Labor in new times. Dolby N. Dimitriadis G, ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:.
47. Duke L. D. The etiology of student misbehavior and the depersonalization of blame.Review of Educational Research. 1978;48: 415-437.
48. Durkheim E. Suicide. New York, NY: Free Press; 1997:.
49. Edington E. D. Disadvantaged rural youth.Review of Educational Research. 1970;40: 69-85.
50. Engle P. L. Language medium in early school years for minority language groups.Review of Educational Research. 1975;45: 283-325.
51. Erickson F. School literacy, reasoning, and civility: An anthropologist's perspective.Review of Educational Research. 1984;54: 525-546.
52. Everhart R. Reading, writing, and resistance: Adolescence and labor in a junior high school. London, UK: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1983:.
53. Ewert G. D. Habermas and education: A comprehensive overview of the influence of Habermas in educational literature.Review of Educational Research. 1991;61: 345-378.
54. Fenwick T. Work, learning, and education in the knowledge economy: A working-class perspective.Curriculum Inquiry. 2006;36: 453-466.
55. Ferguson A. Bad boys: Public school in the making of Black masculinity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 2000:.
56. Foley D. E. Does the working class have a culture in the anthropological sense?.Cultural Anthropology. 1989;4: 137-162.
57. Foley D. E. Rethinking school ethnographies of colonial settings: A performance perspective of reproduction and resistance.Comparative Education Review. 1991;35: 532-551.
58. Fordham S. Blacked out: Dilemmas of race, identity, and success at capital high. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1996:.
59. Freire P. Pedagogy of freedom: ethics, democracy, and civic courage. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield; 1998:.
60. Freire P. Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum; 2006:.
61. Frith S. Sociology-New directions. Haralambos M., ed. Ormskirk, UK: Causeway Press; 1985:303-370.
62. Gamoran A. American schooling and educational inequality: A forecast for the 21st century.Sociology of Education. 2001;74: 135-153.
63. Gibson M. A.,Ogbu J. U. Minority status and schooling: A comparative study of immigrant and involuntary minorities. New York, NY: Garland; 1991:.
64. Giroux H. A. Theories of reproduction and resistance in the new sociology of education: A critical analysis.Harvard Educational Review. 1983;53: 257-293.
65. Giroux H. A. Theory and resistance in education: Towards a pedagogy for the opposition. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey; 2001:.
66. Gordon L. Paul Willis: Education, cultural production and social reproduction.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1984;5: 105-115.
67. Grahame P. R.,Jardine D. W. Deviance, resistance, and play: A study in the communicative organization of trouble in class.Curriculum Inquiry. 1990;20: 283-304.
68. Griffin C. Whatever happened to the (likely) lads? "Learning to Labour" 25 years on.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 2005;26: 291-297.
69. Gumbhir V. Wannabes, goths, and Christians: The boundaries of sex, style, and status.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 2008;47: 771-773.
70. Hagan J. Reviewed work(s): Learning to Labor: How working class kids get working class jobs.Contemporary Sociology. 1996;25: 451-452.
71. Hagan J. Defiance and despair: Subcultural and structural linkages between delinquency and despair in the life course.Social Forces. 1997;76: 119-134.
72. Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain. Hall S Jefferson T, ed. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham; 1976:.
73. Hargreaves A. Resistance and relative autonomy theories: Problems of distortion and incoherence in recent Marxist analyses of education.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1982;3: 107-126.
74. Hargreaves D. Social relations in a secondary school. London, UK: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1967:.
75. Hartman P. "Loud on the inside": Working-class girls, gender and literacy.Research in the Teaching of English. 2006;41: 82-117.
76. Hernandez N. G. Variables affecting achievement of middle school Mexican-American students.Review of Educational Research. 1973;43: 1-39.
77. Herr K.,Anderson G. Violent youth or violent schools? A critical incident analysis of symbolic violence.International Journal of Leadership in Education. 2003;6: 415-433.
78. Herzfeld M. Small-mindedness writ large: On the migrations and manners of prejudice.Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies. 2007;33: 255-274.
79. Hoffman S. On the fireline: Living and dying with wildland firefighters.Social Forces. 2009;88: 469-471.
80. Hogan D. Cultural and economic reproduction in education: Essays on class, ideology, and the state. Apple M. W., ed. Boston, MA: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1982:32-78.
81. Jeffrey C. "Generation nowhere": Rethinking youth through the lens of unemployed young men.Progress in Human Geography. 2008;32: 739-758.
82. Kincheloe J. L.,McLaren P. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Denzin N. K. Lincoln Y. S., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2005:303-342.
83. King R. School organisation and pupil involvement: A study of secondary schools. Boston, MA: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1973:.
84. Kingston P. Resistance theory: How Marxists interpret student life.Sociological Forum. 1986;1: 717-725.
85. Kogut L.,Komvopoulos K. Electrical contact resistance theory for conductive rough surfaces.Journal of Applied Physics. 2003;94: 3153-3162.
86. Kohl H. I won't learn from you and other thoughts on creative maladjustment. New York, NY: New Press; 1994:.
87. Kuhn T. S. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1962:.
88. Lacey C. Some sociological concomitants of academic streaming in a grammar school.British Journal of Sociology. 1966;17: 245-232.
89. Lacey C. Hightown grammar: The school as a social system. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press; 1970:.
90. Ladson-Billings G. Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy.American Educational Research Journal. 1995;32: 465-491.
91. Ladson-Billings G.,Donnor J. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Denzin N. K. Lincoln Y. S., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2005:279-302.
92. Lave J.,Duguid P.,Fernandez N.,Axel E. Coming of age in Birmingham: Cultural studies and conceptions of subjectivity.Annual Review of Anthropology. 1992;21: 257-282.
93. Lee S. J. Unraveling the "model minority" stereo type. New York, NY: Teachers College Press; 1996:.
94. Lee S. J. Up against whiteness: Race, school, and immigrant youth. New York, NY: Teachers College Press; 2005:.
95. Leeds M.,Miller C.,Stull J. Interscholastic athletics and investment in human capital.Social Science Quarterly. 2007;88: 729-744.
96. Levinson B. A.,Holland D. The cultural production of the educated person: Critical ethnographies of schooling and local practice. Levinson B. A. Foley D. E. Holland D. C., ed. New York: State University of New York Press; 1996:1-56.
97. Lopez N. Hopeful girls, troubled boys: Race and gender disparity in urban education. New York, NY: Routledge; 2003:.
98. Luttrell W. School smart and mother wise. New York, NY: Routledge; 1997:.
99. MacLeod J. Ain't no makin' it: Aspirations & attainment in a low-income neighborhood. Boulder, CO: Westview; 1995:.
100. Maizels J. Adolescent needs and the transition from school to work. London, UK: Athlone Press; 1970:.
101. Margolis E.,Rowe J. Education for citizenship: Reappraising the role of science education.History of Education. 2004;33: 199-230.
102. Marx K. Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy. New York, NY: Penguin; 1993:.
103. Matza D. Becoming deviant. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1969:.
104. Maxcy S. J. Ethical foundations for educational administration. Samier E. A., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2003:134-152.
105. Mays J. B. Education and the urban child. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press; 1965:.
106. McFadden M. G. Resistance to schooling and educational outcomes: Questions of structure and agency.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1995;16: 293-308.
107. McFarland D. A. Student resistance: How the formal and informal organization of classrooms facilitate everyday forms of student defiance.American Journal of Sociology. 2001;107: 612-678.
108. McGrew K. Education's prisoners: Schooling, the political economy, and the prison industrial complex. New York, NY: Peter Lang; 2008:.
109. McKay S. Filipino sea men: Constructing masculinities in an ethnic labour niche.Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies. 2007;33: 617-633.
110. McLaren P. Schooling as a ritual performance. London, UK: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1993:.
111. McLaren P.,Scatamburlo-D'Annibale V. Learning to Labor in new times. Dolby N. Dimitriadis G., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:35-51.
112. McLaren P. L. The ritual dimensions of resistance: Clowning and symbolic inversion.Journal of Education. 1985;167 (2): 84-97.
113. Merton R. K. On social structure and science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1996:132-152.
114. Morrow R.,Torres C. Social theory and education: A critique of theories of social and cultural reproduction. Albany: State University of New York Press; 1995:.
115. Noguera P.,Cannella C. M. Beyond resistance! Youth activism and community change. Ginwright S. Noguera P. Cammarota J., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2006:333-348.
116. Oakes J. Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2005:.
117. Ogbu J. U. Minority education and caste: The American system in cross-cultural perspective. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1978:.
118. Page R. N. Games of chance: The lower-track curriculum in a college-preparatory high school.Curriculum Inquiry. 1990;20: 249-281.
119. Peters M.,Wattenberg W. W. Adolescence: Behavior disorders and guidance.Review of Educational Research. 1966;36: 474-484.
120. Quantz R.,Rogers J. Rethinking transformative leadership: Toward democratic reforms of schools.Journal of Education. 1991;173 (3): 96-118.
121. Quigley B. A. Looking back in anger: The influences of schooling on illiterate adults.Journal of Education. 1992;174 (1): 104-121.
122. Reed-Danahay D. Anthropologists, education, and autoethnography.Reviews in Anthropology. 2009;38: 28-47.
123. Rikowski G. Scorched earth: Prelude to rebuilding Marxist educational theory.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1997;18: 551-574.
124. Robinson C. C. From the classroom to the corner. New York, NY: Peter Lang; 2007:.
125. Rogers R.,Malancharuvil-Berkes E.,Mosley M.,Hui D.,Joseph G. O. Critical discourse analysis in education: A review of the literature.Review of Educational Research. 2005;75: 365-416.
126. Rugen M. E. Physical hygiene and health education.Review of Educational Research. 1940;10: 464-471.
127. Rumens N. Working at intimacy: Gay men's workplace friendships.Gender, Work & Organization. 2008;15: 9-30.
128. Sexton P. C. The American school: A sociological analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1967:.
129. Sharp R. Knowledge, ideology, and the politics of schooling: Towards a Marxist analysis of education. Boston, MA: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1980:.
130. Shilling C. Reconceptualising structure and agency in the sociology of education: Structuration theory and schooling.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1992;13: 69-87.
131. Shipman M. D. The sociology of the school. London, UK: Longmans; 1968:.
132. Shor I.,Freire P. A pedagogy for liberation: Dialogues on transforming education. Boston, MA: Bergin and Garvey; 1987:.
133. Skrtic T. M. Behind special education: A critical analysis of professional culture and school organization. Denver, CO: Love; 1991:.
134. Small R. Marx and education. Burlington, VT: Ashgate; 2005:.
135. Smyth J.,Fasoli L. Climbing over the rocks in the road to student engagement and learning in a challenging high school in Australia.Educational Research. 2007;49: 273-295.
136. Solomon P.Black resistance in high school: Forging a separatist culture. 1992;:.
137. Spaulding R. L. Personality and social development: Peer and school influences.Review of Educational Research. 1964;34: 588-598.
138. Stack M.,Kelly D. M. Popular media, education, and resistance.Canadian Journal of Education. 2006;29: 5-26.
139. Stinchcombe A. L. Rebellion in a high school. Chicago, IL: Quadrangle; 1964:.
140. Strike K. A. Liberal justice and the Marxist critique of education: A study of conflicting research programs. New York, NY: Routledge; 1989:.
141. Tanner J. Reluctant rebels: A case study of Edmonton high school drop-outs.Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. 1990;27: 74-94.
142. Til W. V. Instructional methods in intercultural and intergroup education.Review of Educational Research. 1959;29: 367-377.
143. Torres A.,Freire P. Politics of liberation: Paths from Freire. McLaren P. L. Lankshear C., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 1994:100-107.
144. Travers R. M. W. Perceptual learning.Review of Educational Research. 1967;37: 599-617.
145. Tryon G. S. The measurement and treatment of test anxiety.Review of Educational Research. 1980;50: 343-372.
146. Turner G. Review of the book Learning to Labor: How working class kids get working class jobs.Sociology. 1979;13: 336-338.
147. Valli L. Ideology and practice in schooling. Apple M. W. Weis L., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1983:213-234.
148. Van Drunen D. The use of natural law in early Calvinist resistance theory.Journal of Law and Religion. 2005-2006;21: 143-167.
149. Walker J. C. Romanticizing resistance, romanticizing culture: Problems in Willis's theory of cultural production.British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1986;7: 59-80.
150. Waller W. W. The sociology of teaching. New York, NY: Wiley; 1932:.
151. Wang Y. Agency: The internal split of structure.Sociological Forum. 2008;23: 481-502.
152. Warikoo N.,Carter P. Cultural explanations for racial and ethnic stratification in academic achievement: A call for a new and improved theory.Review of Educational Research. 2009;79: 366-394.
153. Webb J. The sociology of a school.British Journal of Sociology. 1962;13: 264-270.
154. Weiler K. Women teaching for change: Gender, class & power. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey; 1988:.
155. Weis L. Ideology and practice in schooling. Apple M. W. Weis L., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1983:135-261.
156. Weis L. Working class without work: High school students in a deindustrializing economy. New York, NY: Routledge; 1990:.
157. Weis L. The cultural production of the educated person: Critical ethnographies of schooling and local practice. Levinson B. A. Foley D. E. Holland D. C., ed. New York: State University of New York Press; 1996:ix-xi.
158. Weis L. Class reunion: The remaking of the American white working class. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:.
159. Weis L.,Jenkins H.,Stich A. Diminishing the divisions among us: Reading and writing across difference in theory and method in the sociology of education.Review of Educational Research. 2009;79: 912-945.
160. Welsh S. Resistance theory and illegitimate reproduction.College Composition and Communication. 2001;52: 553-573.
161. Willis P. Profane culture. London, UK: Routledge Kegan Paul; 1978:.
162. Willis P. Cultural production is different from cultural reproduction is different from social reproduction is different from reproduction.Interchange. 1981a;12 (2-3): 48-67.
163. Willis P. Learning to Labor: How working class kids get working class jobs. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 1981b:.
164. Willis P. Race, class, and education. Barton L. Walker S., ed. London, UK: Croom Helm; 1983:107-138.
165. Willis P. The ethnographic imagination. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2000:.
166. Willis P. Foot soldiers of modernity: The dialectics of cultural consumption and the 21st century school.Harvard Educational Review. 2003;73: 390-415.
167. Willis P. Learning to Labor in new times. Dolby N. Dimitriadis G., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2004:167-196.
168. Wodtke K. H.,Brown B. R. Social learning and imitation.Review of Educational Research. 1967;37: 514-538.