메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 302-310

Apnea of prematurity: Pathogenesis and management strategies

Author keywords

airway receptors; apnea; caffeine; chemoreceptors; prematurity

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTOR; ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR; CAFFEINE; CARBON DIOXIDE; DOXAPRAM; METHYLXANTHINE DERIVATIVE; PLACEBO; THEOPHYLLINE;

EID: 79955568048     PISSN: 07438346     EISSN: 14765543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/jp.2010.126     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (91)

References (104)
  • 1
    • 69249203708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brainstem respiratory network: An overview of a half century of research
    • Bianchi AL, Gestreau C. The brainstem respiratory network: an overview of a half century of research. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168: 4-12.
    • (2009) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.168 , pp. 4-12
    • Bianchi, A.L.1    Gestreau, C.2
  • 2
    • 0023268469 scopus 로고
    • Transient changes in expiratory time during hypercapnia in premature infants
    • Noble LM, Carlo WA, Miller MJ, DiFiore JM, Martin RJ. Transient changes in expiratory time during hypercapnia in premature infants. J Appl Physiol 1987; 62: 1010-1013. (Pubitemid 17073896)
    • (1987) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Noble, L.M.1    Carlo, W.A.2    Miller, M.J.3
  • 4
    • 0021802596 scopus 로고
    • Biphasic response of respiratory frequency to hypercapnea in preterm infants
    • Martin RJ, Carlo WA, Robertson SS, Day WR, Bruce EN. Biphasic response of respiratory frequency to hypercapnea in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 1985; 19: 791-796. (Pubitemid 15029778)
    • (1985) Pediatric Research , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 791-796
    • Martin, R.J.1    Carlo, W.A.2    Robertson, S.S.3
  • 6
    • 0016980026 scopus 로고
    • Maturational effects on respiratory responses to carbon dioxide in premature infants
    • Frantz III ID, Adler SM, Thach BT, Taeusch Jr HW. Maturational effects on respiratory responses to carbon dioxide in premature infants. J Appl Physiol 1976; 41: 41-45.
    • (1976) J Appl Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 41-45
    • Frantz Iii, I.D.1    Adler, S.M.2    Thach, B.T.3    Taeusch Jr., H.W.4
  • 8
    • 0021176413 scopus 로고
    • Apnea of prematurity: I. Lung function and regulation of breathing
    • Gerhardt T, Bancalari E. Apnea of prematurity. 1. Lung function and regulation of breathing. Pediatrics 1984; 74: 58-62. (Pubitemid 14078838)
    • (1984) Pediatrics , vol.74 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-62
    • Gerhardt, T.1    Bancalari, E.2
  • 9
    • 15444368003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 apneic threshold in newborn infants: Possible relevance for periodic breathing and apnea
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00574.2003
    • Khan A, Qurashi M, Kwiatkowski K, Cates D, Rigatto H. Measurement of the CO2 apneic threshold in newborn infants: possible relevance for periodic breathing and apnea. J Appl Physiol 2005; 98: 1171-1176. (Pubitemid 40396486)
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.98 , Issue.4 , pp. 1171-1176
    • Khan, A.1    Qurashi, M.2    Kwiatkowski, K.3    Cates, D.4    Rigatto, H.5
  • 10
    • 0002759476 scopus 로고
    • The effect of inhalation of high and low concentration of oxygen on the respiration of the premature infant
    • Cross KW, Oppe TE. The effect of inhalation of high and low concentration of oxygen on the respiration of the premature infant. J Physiol 1952; 117: 38.
    • (1952) J Physiol , vol.117 , pp. 38
    • Cross, K.W.1    Oppe, T.E.2
  • 11
    • 0019918549 scopus 로고
    • 2 during wakefulness and sleep in preterm infants
    • DOI 10.1016/0378-3782(82)90002-0
    • Rigatto H, Kalapesi Z, Leahy FN, Durand M, MacCallum M, Cates D. Ventilatory response to 100% and 15% O2 during wakefulness and sleep in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 1982; 7: 1-10. (Pubitemid 12001617)
    • (1982) Early Human Development , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Rigatto, H.1    Kalapesi, Z.2    Leahy, F.N.3
  • 12
    • 0026560558 scopus 로고
    • Role of glutamate as the central neurotransmitter in the hypoxic ventilatory response
    • Ang RC, Hoop B, Kazemi H. Role of glutamate as the central neurotransmitter in the hypoxic ventilatory response. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72: 1480-1487.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 1480-1487
    • Ang, R.C.1    Hoop, B.2    Kazemi, H.3
  • 13
    • 0016698356 scopus 로고
    • Chemoreceptor reflexes in preterm infants: I. The effect of gestational and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to inhalation of 100% and 15% oxygen
    • Rigatto H, Brady JP, de la Torre Verduzco R. Chemoreceptor reflexes in preterm infants: I. The effect of gestational and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to inhalation of 100% and 15% oxygen. Pediatrics 1975; 55: 604-613.
    • (1975) Pediatrics , vol.55 , pp. 604-613
    • Rigatto, H.1    Brady, J.P.2    De La Torre Verduzco, R.3
  • 14
    • 0026699005 scopus 로고
    • Small preterm infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) have only a sustained decrease in ventilation in response to hypoxia
    • Alvaro R, Alvarez J, Kwiatkowski K, Cates D, Rigatto H. Small preterm infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) have only a sustained decrease in ventilation in response to hypoxia. Pediatr Res 1992; 32: 403-406.
    • (1992) Pediatr Res , vol.32 , pp. 403-406
    • Alvaro, R.1    Alvarez, J.2    Kwiatkowski, K.3    Cates, D.4    Rigatto, H.5
  • 16
    • 0023604667 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic hypoxia from birth on the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia in the newborn rat
    • Eden GJ, Hanson MA. Effects of chronic hypoxia from birth on the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia in the newborn rat. J Physiol 1987; 392: 11-19. (Pubitemid 18014294)
    • (1987) Journal of Physiology , vol.392 , pp. 11-19
    • Eden, G.J.1    Hanson, M.A.2
  • 17
    • 0029772321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the hypoxic ventilatory response in adult rats following one month of perinatal hyperoxia
    • Ling L, Olson Jr EB, Vidruk EH, Mitchell GS. Attenuation of the hypoxic ventilatory response in adult rats following one month of perinatal hyperoxia. J Physiol 1996; 495: 561-571. (Pubitemid 26331836)
    • (1996) Journal of Physiology , vol.495 , Issue.2 , pp. 561-571
    • Ling, L.1    Olson Jr., E.B.2    Vidruk, E.H.3    Mitchell, G.S.4
  • 18
    • 0029348192 scopus 로고
    • Blunted peripheral chemoreceptor response to hyperoxia in a group of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
    • Katz-Salamon M, Jonsson B, Lagercrantz H. Blunted peripheral chemoreceptor response to hyperoxia in a group of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 1995; 20: 101-106.
    • (1995) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.20 , pp. 101-106
    • Katz-Salamon, M.1    Jonsson, B.2    Lagercrantz, H.3
  • 19
    • 38849185481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory response to a hyperoxic test is related to the frequency of short apneic episodes in late preterm neonates
    • DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318155868e
    • Cardot V, Chardon K, Tourneux P, Micallef S, Stéphan E, Léké A et al. Ventilatory response to a hyperoxic test is related to the frequency of short apneic episodes in late preterm neonates. Pediatr Res 2007; 62: 591-596. (Pubitemid 351338996)
    • (2007) Pediatric Research , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 591-596
    • Cardot, V.1    Chardon, K.2    Tourneux, P.3    Micallef, S.4    Stephan, E.5    Leke, A.6    Bach, V.7    Libert, J.-P.8    Telliez, F.9
  • 20
    • 1542721075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of the ventilatory response to hypoxia with neonatal apnea in preterm infants
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.11.035
    • Nock ML, Difiore JM, Arko MK, Martin RJ. Relationship of the ventilatory response to hypoxia with neonatal apnea in preterm infants. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 291-295. (Pubitemid 38333883)
    • (2004) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.144 , Issue.3 , pp. 291-295
    • Nock, M.L.1    DiFiore, J.M.2    Arko, M.K.3    Martin, R.J.4
  • 21
    • 7044224540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body and ventilatory response to hypoxia in neonatal rat pups
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00876.2003
    • Peng YJ, Rennison J, Prabhakar NR. Intermittent hypoxia augments carotid body and ventilatory response to hypoxia in neonatal rat pups. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97: 2020-2025. (Pubitemid 39426026)
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.97 , Issue.5 , pp. 2020-2025
    • Peng, Y.-J.1    Rennison, J.2    Prabhakar, N.R.3
  • 22
    • 0033105665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog
    • Nault MA, Vincent SG, Fisher JT. Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog. J Physiol 1999; 515: 567-578. (Pubitemid 29129226)
    • (1999) Journal of Physiology , vol.515 , Issue.2 , pp. 567-578
    • Nault, M.A.1    Vincent, S.G.2    Fisher, J.T.3
  • 23
    • 0035120080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflexes from airway rapidly adapting receptors
    • DOI 10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00203-6, PII S0034568700002036
    • Sant'Ambrogio G, Widdicombe J. Reflexes from airway rapidly adapting receptors. Respir Physiol 2001; 125: 33-45. (Pubitemid 32184645)
    • (2001) Respiration Physiology , vol.125 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 33-45
    • Sant'Ambrogio, G.1    Widdicombe, J.2
  • 24
    • 0017839258 scopus 로고
    • Functional immaturity of pulmonary irritant receptors and apnea in newborn preterm infants
    • Fleming PJ, Bryan AC, Bryan MH. Functional immaturity of pulmonary irritant receptors and apnea in newborn preterm infants. Pediatrics 1978; 61: 515-518. (Pubitemid 8299732)
    • (1978) Pediatrics , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 515-518
    • Fleming, P.J.1    Bryan, A.C.2    Bryan, M.H.3
  • 26
    • 0021013985 scopus 로고
    • Laryngeal receptors responding to transmural pressure, airflow and local muscle activity
    • DOI 10.1016/0034-5687(83)90075-0
    • Sant'Ambrogio G, Mathew OP, Fisher JT, Sant'Ambrogio FB. Laryngeal mechanoreceptors responding to transmural pressure, airflow and local muscle activity. Respir Physiol 1983; 54: 317-330. (Pubitemid 14177492)
    • (1983) Respiration Physiology , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-330
    • Sant'Ambrogio, G.1    Mathew, O.P.2    Fisher, J.T.3    Sant'Ambrogio, F.B.4
  • 30
    • 0033971428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior laryngeal neurons directly excite cardiac vagal neurons within the nucleus ambiguus
    • DOI 10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00232-4, PII S0361923099002324
    • Mendelowitz D. Superior laryngeal neurons directly excite cardiac vagal neurons within the nucleus ambiguus. Brain Res Bull 2000; 51: 135-138. (Pubitemid 30069875)
    • (2000) Brain Research Bulletin , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-138
    • Mendelowitz, D.1
  • 31
    • 0021796421 scopus 로고
    • Reflex effects and receptor responses to upper airway pressure and flow stimuli in developing puppies
    • Fisher JT, Mathew OP, Sant'Ambrogio FB, Sant'Ambrogio G. Reflex effects and receptor responses to upper airway pressure and flow stimuli in developing puppies. J Appl Physiol 1985; 58: 258-264. (Pubitemid 15054365)
    • (1985) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 258-264
    • Fisher, J.T.1    Mathew, O.P.2    Sant'Ambrogio, F.B.3    Sant'Ambrogio, G.4
  • 32
    • 14844326818 scopus 로고
    • Sucking and breathing during artificial feeding in the human neonate
    • Bosma JF, Showacre J (eds) NIH: Bethesda, MD
    • Johnson P, Salisbury DM. Sucking and breathing during artificial feeding in the human neonate. In: Bosma JF, Showacre J (eds). Development of Upper Respiratory Anatomy and Function. NIH: Bethesda, MD, 1975; 206-211.
    • (1975) Development of Upper Respiratory Anatomy and Function , pp. 206-211
    • Johnson, P.1    Salisbury, D.M.2
  • 33
    • 0019960244 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a laryngeal chemoreflex in some human preterm infants
    • Perkett EA, Vaughan RL. Evidence for a laryngeal chemoreflex in some human preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1982; 71: 969-972. (Pubitemid 12006571)
    • (1982) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 969-972
    • Perkett, E.A.1    Vaughan, R.L.2
  • 35
    • 0024435366 scopus 로고
    • Influence of upper airway negative pressure reflex on response to airway occlusion in sleeping infants
    • Thach BT, Schefft GL, Pickens DL, Menon AP. Influence of upper airway negative pressure reflex on response to airway occlusion in sleeping infants. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 749-755. (Pubitemid 19218676)
    • (1989) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 749-755
    • Thach, B.T.1    Shefft, G.L.2    Pickens, D.L.3    Menon, A.P.4
  • 36
    • 0002185469 scopus 로고
    • Nasal and pharyngeal reflexes
    • Mathew OP, Sant'Ambrogio G (eds) Marcel Dekker: New York
    • Widdicombe J. Nasal and pharyngeal reflexes. In: Mathew OP, Sant'Ambrogio G (eds). Respiratory Function of the Upper Airway. Marcel Dekker: New York, 1988; 233-258.
    • (1988) Respiratory Function of the Upper Airway , pp. 233-258
    • Widdicombe, J.1
  • 37
    • 0019450121 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and physiological correlates of brain serotoninergic unit activity
    • Jacobs BL, Heym J, Trulson ME. Behavioral and physiological correlates of brain serotoninergic unit activity. J Physiol (Paris) 1981; 77: 431-436. (Pubitemid 11032702)
    • (1981) Journal de Physiologie , vol.77 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 431-436
    • Jacobs, B.L.1    Heym, J.2    Trulson, M.E.3
  • 38
    • 0022477633 scopus 로고
    • Upper airway stability and apnea during nasal occlusion in newborn infants
    • Cohen G, Henderson-Smart DJ. Upper airway stability and apnea during nasal occlusion in newborn infants. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 1511-1517. (Pubitemid 16088036)
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Cohen, G.1    Henderson-Smart, D.J.2
  • 40
    • 69249232331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHOX2B in respiratory control: Lessons from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and its mouse models
    • Amiel J, Dubreuil V, Ramanantsoa N, Fortin G, Gallego J, Brunet JF et al. PHOX2B in respiratory control: lessons from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and its mouse models. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168(1-2): 125-132.
    • (2009) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.168 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 125-132
    • Amiel, J.1    Dubreuil, V.2    Ramanantsoa, N.3    Fortin, G.4    Gallego, J.5    Brunet, J.F.6
  • 41
    • 69249208529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early breathing defects after moderate hypoxia or hypercapnia in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
    • Menuet C, Dutschmann M, Hilaire G. Early breathing defects after moderate hypoxia or hypercapnia in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168: 109-118.
    • (2009) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.168 , pp. 109-118
    • Menuet, C.1    Dutschmann, M.2    Hilaire, G.3
  • 43
    • 0037385046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, and home monitoring
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, and home monitoring. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 914-917.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , pp. 914-917
  • 45
    • 0020038216 scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal airway obstruction in preterm infants during mixed and obstructive apnea
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(82)80529-5
    • Mathew OP, Roberts JL, Thach BT. Pharyngeal airway obstruction in preterm infants during mixed and obstructive apnea. J Pediatr 1982; 100: 964-968. (Pubitemid 12123605)
    • (1982) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.100 , Issue.6 , pp. 964-968
    • Mathew, O.P.1    Roberts, J.L.2    Thach, B.T.3
  • 47
    • 0022084999 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of upper airway patency
    • Mathew OP. Maintenance of upper airway patency. J Pediatr 1985; 106: 863-869.
    • (1985) J Pediatr , vol.106 , pp. 863-869
    • Mathew, O.P.1
  • 49
    • 0000328576 scopus 로고
    • Upper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient
    • Safar P, Escarraga LA, Chang F. Upper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient. J Appl Physiol 1959; 14: 760-764.
    • (1959) J Appl Physiol , vol.14 , pp. 760-764
    • Safar, P.1    Escarraga, L.A.2    Chang, F.3
  • 50
    • 0018316360 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous neck flexion and airway obstruction during apneic spells in preterm infants
    • Thach BT, Stark AR. Spontaneous neck flexion and airway obstruction during apneic spells in preterm infants. J Pediatr 1979; 94: 275-281. (Pubitemid 9072427)
    • (1979) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-281
    • Thach, B.T.1    Stark, A.R.2
  • 51
    • 0017255155 scopus 로고
    • Apneic spells and sleep states in preterm infants
    • Gabriel M, Albani M, Schulte FJ. Apneic spells and sleep states in preterm infants. Pediatrics 1976; 57: 142-147.
    • (1976) Pediatrics , vol.57 , pp. 142-147
    • Gabriel, M.1    Albani, M.2    Schulte, F.J.3
  • 53
    • 0031708075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway closure during mixed apneas in preterm infants: Is respiratory effort necessary?
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70058-7
    • Idiong N, Lemke RP, Lin YJ, Kwiatkowski K, Cates DB, Rigatto H. Airway closure during mixed apneas in preterm infants: is respiratory effort necessary? J Pediatr 1998; 133: 509-512. (Pubitemid 28465376)
    • (1998) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.133 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-512
    • Idiong, N.1    Lemke, R.P.2    Lin, Y.-J.3    Kwiatkowski, K.4    Cates, D.B.5    Rigatto, H.6
  • 55
    • 51449103572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity
    • Al-Saif S, Alvaro R, Manfreda J, Kwiatkowski K, Cates D, Qurashi M et al. A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. J Pediatr 2008; 153: 513-518.
    • (2008) J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 513-518
    • Al-Saif, S.1    Alvaro, R.2    Manfreda, J.3    Kwiatkowski, K.4    Cates, D.5    Qurashi, M.6
  • 56
    • 19544365952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apnea, bradycardia and desaturation: The clinical issues
    • Mathew OP (ed) Marcel Dekker: New York
    • Mathew OP. Apnea, bradycardia and desaturation: the clinical issues. In: Mathew OP (ed). Respiratory Control and its Disorders in the Newborn. Marcel Dekker: New York, 2003, pp 273-293.
    • (2003) Respiratory Control and Its Disorders in the Newborn , pp. 273-293
    • Mathew, O.P.1
  • 58
    • 0019495673 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants
    • Vyas H, Milner AD, Hopkin IE. Relationship between apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1981; 70: 785-790. (Pubitemid 11027037)
    • (1981) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 785-790
    • Vyas, H.1    Milner, A.D.2    Hopkin, I.E.3
  • 60
    • 85013601076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of bradyarrhythmias during transient episodes of bradycardia among preterm Infants
    • Mathew OP, Gamble YD, Zimowski K. Prevalence of bradyarrhythmias during transient episodes of bradycardia among preterm Infants. J Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine 2008; 1: 43-47.
    • (2008) J Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Mathew, O.P.1    Gamble, Y.D.2    Zimowski, K.3
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0036142427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity: No temporal relationship
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.109.1.8
    • Peter CS, Sprodowski N, Bohnhorst B, Silny J, Poets CF. Gastro esophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity: no temporal relationship. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 8-11. (Pubitemid 34049421)
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-11
    • Peter, C.S.1    Sprodowski, N.2    Bohnhorst, B.3    Silny, J.4    Poets, C.F.5
  • 63
    • 60549111025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apnea-associated reduction in lower esophageal sphincter tone in premature infants
    • Omari TI. Apnea-associated reduction in lower esophageal sphincter tone in premature infants. J Pediatr 2009; 154: 374-378.
    • (2009) J Pediatr , vol.154 , pp. 374-378
    • Omari, T.I.1
  • 64
    • 70249109354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-over trial of treatment for bradycardia attributed to gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants
    • Wheatley E, Kennedy KA. Cross-over trial of treatment for bradycardia attributed to gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. J Pediatr 2009; 155: 516-521.
    • (2009) J Pediatr , vol.155 , pp. 516-521
    • Wheatley, E.1    Kennedy, K.A.2
  • 65
    • 0025828657 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral arousal in newborn infants and its association with termination of apnea
    • Thoppil CK, Belan MA, Cowen CP, Mathew OP. Behavioral arousal in newborn infants and its association with termination of apnea. J Appl Physiol 1991; 70: 2479-2484.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol , vol.70 , pp. 2479-2484
    • Thoppil, C.K.1    Belan, M.A.2    Cowen, C.P.3    Mathew, O.P.4
  • 66
    • 0029084651 scopus 로고
    • Submental and diaphragmatic muscle activity during and at resolution of mixed and obstructive apneas and cardiorespiratory arousal in preterm infants
    • Wulbrand H, Von Zezschwitz G, Bentele KHP. Submental and diaphragmatic muscle activity during and at resolution of mixed and obstructive apneas and cardiorespiratory arousal in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 1995; 38: 298-305.
    • (1995) Pediatr Res , vol.38 , pp. 298-305
    • Wulbrand, H.1    Von Zezschwitz, G.2    Bentele, K.H.P.3
  • 67
    • 0030481958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal pattern following central and obstructive breathing abnormalities in infants and children
    • McNamara F, Issa FQ, Sullivan CE. Arousal pattern following central and obstructive breathing abnormalities in infants and children. J Appl Physiol 1996; 81: 2651-2657. (Pubitemid 27043384)
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.81 , Issue.6 , pp. 2651-2657
    • Mcnamara, F.1    Issa, F.G.2    Sullivan, C.E.3
  • 68
    • 19544365293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpharmacological management of idiopathic apnea of the premature infant
    • Mathew OP (ed) Marcel Dekker: New York
    • Lawson EE. Nonpharmacological management of idiopathic apnea of the premature infant. In: Mathew OP (ed). Respiratory Control and its Disorders in the Newborn. Marcel Dekker: New York, 2003; 335-354.
    • (2003) Respiratory Control and Its Disorders in the Newborn , pp. 335-354
    • Lawson, E.E.1
  • 70
    • 0036088314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep organization is unaffected by caffeine in premature infants
    • DOI 10.1067/mpd.2002.124383
    • Curzi-Dascalova L, Aujard Y, Gaultier C, Rajguru M. Sleep organization is unaffected by caffeine in premature infants. J Pediatr 2002; 140: 766-771. (Pubitemid 34666699)
    • (2002) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.140 , Issue.6 , pp. 766-771
    • Curzi-Dascalova, L.1    Aujard, Y.2    Gaultier, C.3    Rajguru, M.4
  • 71
    • 0023139929 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline versus caffeine: Comparative effects in treatment of idiopathic apnea in the preterm infant
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80569-3
    • Bairam A, Boutroy MJ, Badonnel Y, Vert P. Theophylline versus caffeine: comparative effects in treatment of idiopathic apnea in the preterm infant. J Pediatr 1987; 110: 636-639. (Pubitemid 17049061)
    • (1987) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.110 , Issue.4 , pp. 636-639
    • Bairam, A.1    Boutroy, M.-J.2    Badonnel, Y.3    Vert, P.4
  • 72
    • 0021874173 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants
    • Brouard C, Moriette G, Murat I, Flouvat B, Pajot N, Walti H et al. Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139: 698-700. (Pubitemid 15006408)
    • (1985) American Journal of Diseases of Children , vol.139 , Issue.7 , pp. 698-700
    • Brouard, C.1    Moriette, G.2    Murat, I.3
  • 73
    • 0021991685 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity
    • Sims ME, Yau G, Rambhatla S, Cabal L, Wu PY. Limitations of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139: 567-570. (Pubitemid 15094788)
    • (1985) American Journal of Diseases of Children , vol.139 , Issue.6 , pp. 567-570
    • Sims, M.E.1    Yau, G.2    Rambhatla, S.3
  • 74
    • 0034045190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: A double- blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Erenberg A, Leff RD, Haack DG, Mosdell KW, Hicks GM, Wynne BA. Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pharmacotherapy 2000; 20: 644-652. (Pubitemid 30387680)
    • (2000) Pharmacotherapy , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 644-652
    • Erenberg, A.1    Leff, R.D.2    Haack, D.G.3    Mosdell, K.W.4    Hicks, G.M.5    Wynne, B.A.6
  • 75
    • 0018171899 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline increases cerebral metabolic rate and decreases anoxic survival in young mice
    • Thurston JH, Hauhard RE, Dirgo JA. Aminophylline increases cerebral metabolic rate and decreases anoxic survival in young mice. Science 1978; 201: 649-651. (Pubitemid 9017743)
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , Issue.4356 , pp. 649-651
    • Thurston, J.H.1    Hauhart, R.E.2    Dirgo, J.A.3
  • 76
    • 0026530306 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous aminophylline and cerebral blood flow in preterm infants
    • McDonnell M, Ives NK, Hope PL. Intravenous aminophylline and cerebral blood flow in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 416-418.
    • (1992) Arch Dis Child , vol.67 , pp. 416-418
    • McDonnell, M.1    Ives, N.K.2    Hope, P.L.3
  • 77
    • 0036256660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine impairs cerebral and intestinal blood flow velocity in preterm infants
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.109.5.784
    • Hoecker C, Nelle M, Poeschl J, Beedgen B, Linderkamp O. Caffeine impairs cerebral and intestinal blood flow velocity in preterm infants. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 784-787. (Pubitemid 34493343)
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , Issue.5 , pp. 784-787
    • Hoecker, C.1    Nelle, M.2    Poeschl, J.3    Beedgen, B.4    Linderkamp, O.5
  • 78
    • 0028256506 scopus 로고
    • Aminophylline therapy and cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants
    • Chang J, Gray PH. Aminophylline therapy and cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants. J Paediatr Child Health 1994; 30: 123-125. (Pubitemid 24103111)
    • (1994) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-125
    • Chang, J.1    Gray, P.H.2
  • 80
    • 33646681887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity Trial Group et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity
    • Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, Doyle LW, Barrington KJ, Ohlsson A, Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity Trial Group et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2112-2121.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 2112-2121
    • Schmidt, B.1    Roberts, R.S.2    Davis, P.3    Doyle, L.W.4    Barrington, K.J.5    Ohlsson, A.6
  • 81
    • 33846019232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of caffeine on chronic hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter injury
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.21008
    • Back SA, Craig A, Luo NL, Ren J, Akundi RS, Ribeiro I et al. Protective effects of caffeine on chronic hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter injury. Ann Neurol 2006; 60: 696-705. (Pubitemid 46048487)
    • (2006) Annals of Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 696-705
    • Back, S.A.1    Craig, A.2    Luo, N.L.3    Ren, J.4    Akundi, R.S.5    Ribeiro, I.6    Rivkees, S.A.7
  • 82
    • 0035745978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia
    • Boutilier RG. Mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia. J Exp Biol 2001; 204: 3171-3181. (Pubitemid 34861359)
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.204 , Issue.18 , pp. 3171-3181
    • Boutilier, R.G.1
  • 83
    • 0034923094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role and regulation of adenosine in the central nervous system
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.31
    • Dunwiddie TV, Masino SA. The role and regulation of adenosine in the central nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 2001; 24: 31-55. (Pubitemid 32695222)
    • (2001) Annual Review of Neuroscience , vol.24 , pp. 31-55
    • Dunwiddie, T.V.1    Masino, S.A.2
  • 84
    • 33644818678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2A receptors mediate GABAergic inhibition of respiration in immature rats
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00459.2005
    • Mayer CA, Haxhiu MA, Martin RJ, Wilson CG. Adenosine A2A receptors mediate GABAergic inhibition of respiration in immature rats. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100: 91-97. (Pubitemid 43671094)
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-97
    • Mayer, C.A.1    Haxhiu, M.A.2    Martin, R.J.3    Wilson, C.G.4
  • 85
    • 32844471092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2A receptors are expressed by GABAergic neurons of medulla oblongata in developing rat
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.077, PII S000689930501588X
    • Zaidi SI, Jafri A, Martin RJ, Haxhiu MA. Adenosine A2A receptors are expressed by GABAergic neurons of medulla oblongata in developing rat. Brain Res 2006; 1071: 42-53. (Pubitemid 43255474)
    • (2006) Brain Research , vol.1071 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-53
    • Zaidi, S.I.A.1    Jafri, A.2    Martin, R.J.3    Haxhiu, M.A.4
  • 86
    • 0022622654 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic effects of doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity
    • Barrington KJ, Finer NN, Peters KL, Barton J. Physiologic effects of doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 124-129. (Pubitemid 16126049)
    • (1986) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-129
    • Barrington, K.J.1    Finer, N.N.2    Peters, K.L.3    Barton, J.4
  • 87
    • 0016792965 scopus 로고
    • Potencies of doxapram and hypoxia in stimulating carotidbody chemoreceptors and ventilation in anesthetized cats
    • Mitchell RA, Herbert DA. Potencies of doxapram and hypoxia in stimulating carotidbody chemoreceptors and ventilation in anesthetized cats. Anesthesiology 1975; 42: 559-566.
    • (1975) Anesthesiology , vol.42 , pp. 559-566
    • Mitchell, R.A.1    Herbert, D.A.2
  • 88
    • 0026309149 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose doxapram for apnea unresponsive to aminophylline in very low birthweight infants
    • Brion LP, Vega-Rich C, Reinersman G, Roth P. Low-dose doxapram for apnea unresponsive to aminophylline in very low birthweight infants. J Perinatol 1991; 11: 359-364.
    • (1991) J Perinatol , vol.11 , pp. 359-364
    • Brion, L.P.1    Vega-Rich, C.2    Reinersman, G.3    Roth, P.4
  • 89
    • 0025338076 scopus 로고
    • A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to compare theophylline and doxapram for the treatment of apnea of prematurity
    • Peliowski A, Finer NN. A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to compare theophylline and doxapram for the treatment of apnea of prematurity. Pediatr 1990; 116: 648-653. (Pubitemid 20124167)
    • (1990) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.116 , Issue.4 , pp. 648-653
    • Peliowski, A.1    Finer, N.N.2
  • 90
    • 0016705179 scopus 로고
    • Apnea of prematurity. Comparative therapeutic effects of cutaneous stimulation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure
    • Kattwinkel J, Nearman HS, Fanaroff AA, Katona PG, Klaus MH. Apnea of prematurity. Comparative therapeutic effects of cutaneous stimulation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. J Pediatr 1975; 86: 588-592.
    • (1975) J Pediatr , vol.86 , pp. 588-592
    • Kattwinkel, J.1    Nearman, H.S.2    Fanaroff, A.A.3    Katona, P.G.4    Klaus, M.H.5
  • 91
    • 0022006050 scopus 로고
    • Continuous positive airway pressure selectively reduces obstructive apnea in preterm infants
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80475-3
    • Miller MJ, Carlo WA, Martin RF. Continuous positive airway pressure selectively reduces obstructive apnea in preterm infants. J Pediatr 1985; 106: 91-94. (Pubitemid 15189918)
    • (1985) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-94
    • Miller, M.J.1    Carlo, W.A.2    Martin, R.J.3
  • 93
    • 0023258870 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of end-expiratory lung volume during sleep in premature infants
    • Stark AR, Cohlan BA, Waggener TB, Frantz III ID, Kosch PC. Regulation of end-expiratory lung volume during sleep in premature infants. J Appl Physiol 1987; 62: 1117-1123. (Pubitemid 17073911)
    • (1987) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 1117-1123
    • Stark, A.R.1    Cohlan, B.A.2    Waggener, T.B.3
  • 95
    • 38049050677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula therapy: Yet another way to deliver continuous positive airway pressure?
    • Kubicka ZJ, Limauro J, Darnall RA. Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula therapy: yet another way to deliver continuous positive airway pressure? Pediatrics 2008; 121: 82-88.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , pp. 82-88
    • Kubicka, Z.J.1    Limauro, J.2    Darnall, R.A.3
  • 96
    • 0035014105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: A comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1081
    • Sreenan C, Lemke RP, Hudson-Mason A, Osiovich H. High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1081-1083. (Pubitemid 32440615)
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107 , Issue.5 , pp. 1081-1083
    • Sreenan, C.1    Lemke, R.P.2    Hudson-Mason, A.3    Osiovich, H.4
  • 97
    • 16844371507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory stimulation prevents apnea in premature newborns
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-0865
    • Marlier L, Gaugler C, Messer J. Olfactory stimulation prevents apnea in premature newborns. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 83-88. (Pubitemid 43050894)
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-88
    • Marlier, L.1    Gaugler, C.2    Messer, J.3
  • 98
    • 51449103572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity
    • Al-Saif S, Alvaro R, Manfreda J, Kwiatkowski K, Cates D, Qurashi M et al. A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. J Pediatr 2008; 153: 513-518.
    • (2008) J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 513-518
    • Al-Saif, S.1    Alvaro, R.2    Manfreda, J.3    Kwiatkowski, K.4    Cates, D.5    Qurashi, M.6
  • 99
    • 70350134811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilizing immature breathing patterns of preterm infants using stochastic mechanosensory stimulation
    • Bloch-Salisbury E, Indic P, Bednarek F, Paydarfar D. Stabilizing immature breathing patterns of preterm infants using stochastic mechanosensory stimulation. J Appl Physiol 2009; 107: 1017-1027.
    • (2009) J Appl Physiol , vol.107 , pp. 1017-1027
    • Bloch-Salisbury, E.1    Indic, P.2    Bednarek, F.3    Paydarfar, D.4
  • 102
    • 0030883277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apnea frequently persists beyond term gestation in infants delivered at 24 to 28 weeks
    • Eichenwald EC, Aina A, Stark AR. Apnea frequently persists beyond term gestation in infants delivered at 24 to 28 weeks. Pediatrics 1997; 100: 354-359.
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.100 , pp. 354-359
    • Eichenwald, E.C.1    Aina, A.2    Stark, A.R.3
  • 104
    • 17844410407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal cerebral structure is present at term in premature infants
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-0326
    • Inder TE, Warfield SK, Wang H, Hüppi PS, Volpe JJ. Abnormal cerebral structure is present at term in premature infants. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 286-294. (Pubitemid 43193809)
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , Issue.2 , pp. 286-294
    • Inder, T.E.1    Warfield, S.K.2    Wang, H.3    Huppi, P.S.4    Volpe, J.J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.