Thermochemical treatment (thermolysis) of petrochemical wastewater: COD removal mechanism and floc formation

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 50, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 5352-5359

  Verma, Shilpi ^a   Prasad, Basheshwar ^a   Mishra, Indra Mani ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL AGENT; CHEMICAL DOSAGE; COD REDUCTION; COD REMOVAL; COLOR REDUCTION; FLOC FORMATION; FLOC SIZE; FLOC SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HIGHER TEMPERATURES; INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT; IRON SALTS; NUMBER DENSITY; PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATER; PRETREATMENT METHODS; PURIFIED TEREPHTHALIC ACID; THERMO-CHEMICAL; THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENTS; TREATMENT CONDITIONS; TREATMENT TIME;

EFFLUENTS; PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS; PETROCHEMICALS; PH EFFECTS; SEWAGE; WASTEWATER; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; ZETA POTENTIAL;

PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL);

EID: 79955533947     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie102576w     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. nd ed.; Wiley-Interscience, 2004.
2. Kleerebezem, R.; Beckers, J.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; Lettinga, G. High rate treatment of terephthalic acid production wastewater in a two-stage anaerobic bioreactor Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2005, 91 (2) 169-179 (Pubitemid 41158944)
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ ch06/final/c06s11.pdf (accessed 12.6.10).
4. Kleerebezem, R.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; Lettinga, G. Anaerobic biodegradability of phthalic acid isomers and related compounds Biodegradation 1999, 10 (1) 63-73 (Pubitemid 29319065)
5. Kleerebezem, R.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; Lettinga, G. The role of benzoate in anaerobic degradation of terephthalate Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999, 65 (3) 1161-1167 (Pubitemid 29111185)
6. Macarie, H.; Guyot, J. P. Inhibition of the methanogenic fermentation of p-toluic acid (4-methylbenzoic acid) by acetate Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1992, 38, 398-402
7. Zhang, X. X.; Sun, S. L.; Zhang, Y.; Wu., B.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Liu, B.; Yang, L. Y.; Cheng, S. P. Toxicity of purified terephthalic acid manufacturing wastewater on reproductive system of male mice (Mus musculus) J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 176, 300-305
8. Qi, S. T.; Wang, X. R.; Xu, X. K. Study on the bladder calculi and bladder cancer induced by terephthalic acid in rats Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2002, 31 (1) 10-12
9. Matsumoto, M.; Hirata-Koizumi, M.; Ema, M. Potential adverse effects of phthalic acid esters on human health: A review of recent studies on reproduction Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 50, 37-49 (Pubitemid 350298165)
10. Petrochemicals (Basic and Intermediates): Standards for Liquid Effluent, Central Pollution Control Board, 2005., http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific- Standards/Effluent/Petro-chemicals.pdf (accessed 03.02.09).
11. Chidambararaj, C. B.; Ramkumar, N.; Haja Jahabar Siraj, A.; Chidambaram, S. P. Biodegradation of acetic, benzoic, isophthalic, toluic and terephthalic acids using a mixed culture: Effluents of PTA Production Trans. IChemE. 1997, 75B, 245-256 (Pubitemid 127760797)
12. Deshmukh, N. A.; Goel, V. S.; Joshi, J. B.; Mathew, T. Kinetics of aerobic biological oxidation of purified terephthalic acid plant waste Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 2005, 83 (B3) 224-230
13. Zhang, X. X.; Cheng, S. P.; Wan, Y. Q.; Sun, S. L.; Zhu, C. J.; Zhao, D. Y.; Pan, W. Y. Degradability of five aromatic compounds in a pilot wastewater treatment system Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 2006, 58, 94-98 (Pubitemid 44636229)
14. Pophali, G. R.; Khan, R.; Dhodapkar, R. S.; Nandy, T.; Devotta, S. Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) effluent: a techno-economic alternative to two-stage aerobic process J. Environ. Manage. 2007, 85, 1024-1033 (Pubitemid 47570786)
15. Karthik, M.; Dafale, N.; Pathe, P.; Nandy, T. Biodegradability enhancement of purified terephthalic acid wastewater by coagulation-flocculation process as pretreatment J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 154, 721-730 (Pubitemid 351649358)
16. Britz, T. J.; Meyer, L. C.; Botes, P. J. Anaerobic digestion of a petrochemical effluent Biotechnol. Lett. 1983, 5 (2) 113-118 (Pubitemid 13165225)
17. Nel, L. H.; Haast, J. D.; Britz, T. J. Anaerobic digestion of petrochemical effluent using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor Biotechnol. Lett. 1984, 6 (11) 741-746 (Pubitemid 15184819)
18. Guyot, J. P.; Macarie, H.; Noyola, A. Anaerobic digestion of a petrochemical wastewater using the UASB process Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 1990, 24/25, 579-589 (Pubitemid 20275190)
19. Noyola, A.; Macarie, W.; Guyot, J. P. Treatment of terephthalic acid plant wastewater with an anaerobic fixed film reactor Environ. Technol. 1990, 11, 239-248 (Pubitemid 20192211)
20. Guyot, J. P.; Macarie, H.; Noyola, A. Anaerobic digestion of a petrochemical wastewater using the UASB process Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 1990, 24/25, 579-589 (Pubitemid 20275190)
21. Fajardo, C.; Guyot, J. P.; Macarie, H.; Monroy, O. Inhibition of anaerobic digestion by terephthalic acid and its aromatic by products Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 36 (6-7) 83-90 (Pubitemid 27519314)
22. Kleerebezem, R.; Mortier, J.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; Lettinga, G. Anaerobic pre-treatment of petrochemical effluents: Terephthalic acid wastewater Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 36, 237-248 (Pubitemid 27485361)
23. Kleerebezem, R.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; Lettinga, G. Anaerobic biodegradability of phthalic acid isomers and related compounds Biodegradation 1999, 10 (1) 63-73 (Pubitemid 29319065)
24. Young, J. C.; Kim, I. S.; Page, I. C.; Wilson, D. R.; Brown, G. J.; Cocci, A. A. Two-stage anaerobic treatment of purified terephthalic acid production wastewaters Water Sci. Technol. 2000, 42 (5-6) 277-282
25. Kleerebezem, R.; Lettinga, G. High-rate anaerobic treatment of purified terephthalic acid wastewater Water Sci. Technol. 2000, 42 (5-6) 259-268
26. Chen, C. L.; Macarie, H; Ramirez, I.; Olmos, A.; Ong, S. L.; Monroy, O.; Liu, W. T. Microbial community structure in a thermophilic anaerobic hybrid reactor degrading terephthalate Microbiology 2004, 150, 3429-3440 (Pubitemid 39406211)
27. Kleerebezem, R.; Beckers, J.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; Lettinga, G. High rate treatment of terephthalic acid production wastewater in a two-stage anaerobic bioreactor Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2005, 91 (2) 169-179 (Pubitemid 41158944)
28. Zhang, X. X.; Cheng, S. P.; Wan, Y. Q.; Sun, S. L.; Zhu, C. J.; Zhao, D. Y.; Pan, W. Y. Degradability of five aromatic compounds in a pilot wastewater treatment system Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 2006, 58, 94-98 (Pubitemid 44636229)
29. Joung, J. Y.; Lee, H. W.; Choi, H; Lee, M. W.; Park, J. M. Influences of organic loading disturbances on the performance of anaerobic filter process to treat purified terephthalic acid wastewater Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 2457-246
30. Tsuno, H.; Kawamura, M. Development of an expanded-bed GAC reactor for anaerobic treatment of terephthalate-containing wastewater Water Res. 2009, 43, 417-422
31. Crepaldi, E. L.; Tronto, J.; Cardoso, L. P.; Valim, J. B. Sorption of terephthalate anions by calcined and uncalcined hydrotalcite-like compounds Colloids Surf., A 2002, 211, 103-114 (Pubitemid 35305012)
32. Adhoum, N.; Monser, L. Removal of phthalate on modified activated carbon: application to the treatment of industrial wastewater Sep. Purif. Technol. 2004, 38, 233-239 (Pubitemid 38763598)
33. Chen, C. Y.; Chung, Y. C. Removal of phthalate esters from aqueous solution by chitosan bead J. Environ. Sci. Health A 2006, 41, 235-248
34. Chen, C. Y.; Chen, C. C.; Chung, Y. C. Removal of phthalate esters by α-cyclodextrin-linked chitosan bead Bioresour. Technol. 2007, 98, 2578-2583
35. Wen, Y. Z.; Tong, S. P.; Zheng, K. F.; Wang, L. L.; Lv, J. Z.; Lin, J. Removal of terephthalic acid in alkalized wastewater by ferric chloride J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 138, 169-172 (Pubitemid 44548150)
36. Verma, S.; Prasad, B.; Mishra, I. M. Pretreatment of petrochemical wastewater by coagulation and flocculation and the sludge characteristics J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 178, 1055-1064
37. Park, T. J.; Lima, J. S.; Lee, Y. W.; Kim, S. H. Catalytic supercritical water oxidation of wastewater from terephthalic acid manufacturing process J. Supercrit. Fluids. 2003, 26, 201-213
38. Thiruvenkatachari, R,.; Kwon, T. O.; Jun, J. C.; Balaji, S; Matheswaran, M.; Shik Moon, I. Application of several advanced oxidation processes for the destruction of terephthalic acid (TPA) J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 142, 308-314 (Pubitemid 46413477)
39. 2 and UV light: Direct versus indirect ozonation reactions Appl. Catal., B 2009, 91, 319-328
40. Shafaei, A. M.; Nikazar, M.; Arami, M. Photocatalytic degradation of terephthalic acid using titania and zinc oxide photocatalysts: Comparative study Desalination 2010, 252, 8-16
41. Garg, A.; Mishra, I. M.; Chand, S. Thermochemical precipitation as a pretreatment step for the chemical oxygen demand and color removal from pulp and paper mill effluent Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 2016-2026 (Pubitemid 40434523)
42. Kumar, P.; Prasad, B.; Mishra, I. M.; Chand, S. Treatment of composite wastewater of a cotton textile mill by thermolysis and coagulation J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 151, 770-779 (Pubitemid 351179065)
43. Chaudhari, P. K.; Singh, R.; Mishra, I. M.; Chand, S. Kinetics of catalytic thermal pretreatment (catalytic thermolysis) of distillery wastewater and bio-digester effluent of alcohol production plant at atmospheric pressure Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 2010, 8, A22
44. APHA (American Public Health Association), AWWA (American Water Works Association), WPCF (Water Pollution Control Federation). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; Washington, DC, 1995.
45. Meric., S.; Kaptan, D.; Olmez, T. Color and COD removal from wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 using Fenton's oxidation process Chemosphere 2004, 54, 435-441 (Pubitemid 38044557)
46. Van der Woude, J. H. A.; de Bruyn, P. L. Formation of colloidal dispersions from supersaturated iron(III) nitrate solutions. Part I: precipitation of amorphous iron hydroxide Colloids Surf. 1983, 8 (11) 55-78
47. Flynn, C. M. Hydrolysis of inorganic iron(III) salts Chem. Rev. 1984, 84 (1) 31-41
48. Seebergh, J. E.; Berg, J. C. Evidence of a hairy layer at the surface of polystyrene latex particles Colloids Surf., A 1995, 100, 139-153
49. Kang, L. S.; Cleasby, J. L. Temperature effects on flocculation kinetics using Fe(III) coagulant J. Environ. Eng. ASCE 1995, 121 (12) 893-901
50. Tari, G.; Olhero, S. M.; Ferreira, J. M. F. Influence of temperature on stability of electrostatically stabilized alumina suspensions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2000, 231, 221-227
51. Morris, J. K.; Knocke, W. R. Temperature effects on the use of metal ion coagulants in water treatment J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 1984, 76 (3) 74-79 (Pubitemid 14080090)
52. Stephenson, R. J.; Duff, S. J. B. Coagulation and precipitation of a mechanical pulping effluent- I Removal of Carbon, colour and turbidity Water Res. 1996, 30 (4) 781-792 (Pubitemid 26093425)
53. Benjamin, M. M. Water Chemistry; McGraw Hill International Edition, 2002.
54. Edzwald, J. K.; Tobiason, J. E. Enhanced coagulation: U.S. requirements and a broader view Water Sci. Technol. 1999, 40 (9) 63-70
55. Dentel, S. K.; Gossett, J. M. Mechanisms of coagulation with aluminum salts J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 1988, 80, 187-198
56. Ching, H. W.; Tanaka, T. S.; Elimelech, M. Dynamics of coagulation of kaolin particles with ferric chloride Water Res. 1994, 28 (3) 559-569 (Pubitemid 24050641)
57. nd ed.; Taylor & Francis: New York, 2005.
58. Duan, J.; Graham, N. J. D.; Wilson, F. Coagulation of humic acid by ferric chloride in saline (marine) water conditions Water Sci. Technol. 2002, 47 (1) 41-48
59. Jarvis, P.; Jefferson, B; Gregory, J.; Parsons, S. A. A review of floc strength and breakage Water Res. 2005, 39, 3121-3137 (Pubitemid 41138818)
60. Yu, W.; Li, G.; Xu, Y.; Yang, X. Breakage and re-growth of flocs formed by alum and PACl Powder Technol. 2009, 189, 439-443
61. BaiChuan, C.; BaoYu, G.; QinYan, Y.; Ying, F. U.; ChunHua, X. U. Coagulation effect and floc properties of polyferric silicate sulphate and polyferric sulphate in the Yellow River water treatment Sci. Chin., Ser. B: Chem. 2010, 53 (3) 664-670
62. Spicer, P. T.; Pratsinis, S. E.; Raper, J.; Amal, R.; Bushell, G.; Meesters, G. Effect of shear schedule on particle size, density, and structure during flocculation in stirred tanks Powder Technol. 1998, 97 (1) 26-34 (Pubitemid 28238436)
63. Biggs, C. A.; Lant, P. A. Activated sludge flocculation: Online determination of floc size and the effect of shear Water Res. 2000, 34 (9) 2542-2550 (Pubitemid 30211681)
64. Pejrup, M. Flocculated suspended sediment in a micro-tidal environment Sediment. Geol. 1988, 57 (3-4) 249-256