Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow and Pollutant Transports in and Above Two-Dimensional Idealized Street Canyons

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 139, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 411-437

  Cheng, W C ^a   Liu, Chun Ho ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Large eddy simulation; Pollutant removal; Quadrant analysis; Turbulence; Urban street canyons

Indexed keywords

AIR ENTRAINMENT; AIR QUALITY; ASPECT RATIO; BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; ROOFS; TURBULENCE; URBAN TRANSPORTATION;

POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; QUADRANT ANALYSIS; STREAMWISE DIRECTIONS; TWO DIMENSIONAL (2 D); TWO-POINT CORRELATION; URBAN ROUGHNESS SUBLAYER; URBAN STREET CANYON;

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; ENTRAINMENT; FLOW MODELING; FLUID FLOW; LABORATORY METHOD; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; STREET CANYON; TURBULENCE; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 79955523123     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-010-9584-y     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Barlow JF, Belcher SE (2002) A wind tunnel model for quantifying fluxes in the urban boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 104: 131-150.
2. Barlow JF, Harman IN, Belcher SE (2004) Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons. Part I: Laboratory simulation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 113: 369-385.
3. Belcher SE (2005) Mixing and transport in urban areas. Phil Trans Roy Soc A 363: 2947-2968.
4. Berkowicz R, Plamgren F, Hertel O, Vignati E (1996) Using measurements of air pollution in streets for evaluation of urban air quality-meteorological analysis and model calculations. Sci Total Environ 189(190): 259-265.
5. Brown MJ, Lawson RE, Decroix DS, Lee RL (2000) Mean flow and turbulence measurements around a 2-D array of buildings in a wind tunnel. In: Proceedings of the 11th joint AMS/AWMA conference in applied air pollution meteorology, Long Beach, CA, USA.
6. Cai XM (2009) Differential wall heating in street canyons: flow characteristics. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on urban climate, Yokohama, Japan.
7. Cai XM, Barlow JF, Belcher SE (2008) Dispersion and transfer of passive scalars in and above street canyons-large-eddy simulations. Atmos Environ 42: 5885-5895.
8. Castro IP, Cheng H, Reynolds R (2006) Turbulence over urban-type roughness: deductions from wind-tunnel measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 118: 109-131.
9. Chandrasekhar S (1981) Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability. Oxford University Press, U. K., 704 pp.
10. Chen F (1990) Turbulent characteristics over a rough natural surface part I: turbulent structures. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 52: 151-175.
11. Coceal O, Dobre A, Thomas TC, Belcher SE (2007) Structure of turbulent flow over regular arrays of cubical roughness. J Fluid Mech 589: 375-409.
12. Cui ZQ, Cai XM, Baker CJ (2004) Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a street canyon. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 130: 1373-1394.
13. Duchêne-Marullaz P (1975) Full-scale measurements of atmospheric turbulence in a suburban area. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on wind effects on buildlings and structures, London, UK, pp 23-31.
14. Duchêne-Marullaz P (1979) Effect of high roughness on the characteristics of turbulence in cases of strong winds. In: Preprints of the 5th international conference on wind engineering, American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA, pp 179-193.
15. Kanda M, Moriwaki R, Kasamatsu F (2004) Large-eddy simulation of turbulent organized structures within and above explicitly resolved cube arrays. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 112: 343-368.
16. Katsouvas G, Helmis C, Wang Q (2007) Quadrant analysis of the scalar and momentum fluxes in the stable marine atmospheric surface layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 124: 335-360.
17. Katul G, Kuhn G, Schieldge J, Hsieh C (1997) The ejection-sweep character of scalar fluxes in the unstable surface layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 83: 1-26.
18. Launder BE, Spalding DB (1974) The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 3: 269-289.
19. Letzel MO, Krance M, Raasch S (2008) High resolution urban large-eddy simulation studies from street canyon to neighbourhood scale. Atmos Environ 42: 8770-8784.
20. Li XX, Liu CH, Leung DYC, Lam KM (2006) Recent progress in CFD modelling of wind field and pollutant transport in street canyons. Atmos Environ 40: 5640-5658.
21. Li XX, Leung DYC, Liu CH, Lam KM (2008a) Physical modeling of flow field inside urban street canyons. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 47: 2058-2067.
22. Li XX, Liu CH, Leung DYC (2008b) Large-eddy simulation of flow and pollutant dispersion in high-aspect-ratio urban street canyons with wall model. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 129: 249-268.
23. Li XX, Koh TY, Britter R, Liu CH, Norford K, Entekhabi D, Leung DYC (2009) Large-eddy simulation of flow field and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons under unstable stratifications. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on urban climate, Yokohama, Japan.
24. Li XX, Britter RE, Koh TY, Norford LK, Liu CH, Entekhabi D, Leung DYC (2010) Large-eddy simulation of flow and pollutant transport in urban street canyons with ground heating. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 137: 187-204.
25. Liu CH, Barth MC (2002) Large-eddy simulation of flow and scalar transport in a modeled street canyon. J Appl Meteorol 41: 660-673.
26. Liu CH, Leung DYC, Barth MC (2004) Large-eddy simulation of flow and pollutant transport in a street canyons of different building-height-to-street-width ratios. J Appl Meteorol 43: 1410-1424.
27. Liu CH, Leung DYC, Barth MC (2005) On the prediction of air and pollutant exchange rates in street canyons of different aspect ratios using large-eddy simulation. Atmos Environ 39: 1567-1574.
28. Louka P, Belcher SE, Harrison RG (1998) Modified street canyon flow. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 74-76: 485-493.
29. Louka P, Belcher SE, Harrison RG (2000) Coupling between air flow in streets and the well-developed boundary layer aloft. Atmos Environ 34: 2613-2621.
30. Lu SS, Willmarth WW (1973) Measurements of the structure of the Reynolds stress in a turbulent boundary layer. J Fluid Mech 60: 481-511.
31. Macdonald RW, Schofield SC, Slawsoon PR (2002) Physical modelling of urban roughness using arrays of regular roughness elements. Water Air Soil Pollut 2: 541-554.
32. Meroney RN, Pavageau M, Rafailidis S, Scharzmann M (1996) Study of line source characteristics for 2-D physical modelling of pollutant dispersion in street canyon. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 62: 37-56.
33. Nakagawa H, Nezu J (1977) Prediction of the contributions to the Reynolds stress from bursting events in open-channel flows. J Fluid Mech 80: 99-128.
34. Nelson MA, Pardyjak ER, Klewicki JC, Pol SU, Brown MJ (2007) Properties of the wind field within the Oklahoma City Park Avenue Street canyon. Part I: Mean flow and turbulence statistics. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 46: 2038-2054.
35. Oikawa S, Meng Y (1995) Turbulence characteristics and organized motion in a suburban roughness sublayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 74: 289-312.
36. Oke TR (1976) The distinction between canopy and boundary-layer urban heat island. Atmos Environ 14: 268-277.
37. Oke TR (1988) Street design and urban canopy layer climate. Energy Build 11: 103-113.
38. OpenFOAM (2009) http://www. opencfd. co. uk/openfoam/. Accessed Feb 2010.
39. Park SB, Baik JJ (2009) LES study of thermal effects on turbulent flow and dispersion in a street canyon. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on urban climate, Yokohama, Japan.
40. Pavageau M, Schatzmann M (1999) Wind tunnel measurements of concentration fluctuations in an urban street canyon. Atmos Environ 33: 3961-3971.
41. Pavageaus M (1996) Concentration fluctuations in urban street canyons-groundwork for future studies. Technical report, Meteorological Institute of the University of Hamburg, 97 pp.
42. RAMS (2009) http://rams. atmos. colostate. edu/. Accessed Feb 2010.
43. Rotach MW (1993) Turbulence close to a rough urban surface. Part I: Reynolds stress. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 65: 1-28.
44. Roth M (2000) Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 126: 941-990.
45. Schumann U (1975) Subgrid scale model for finite difference simulations of turbulent flows in plane channels and annuli. J Comput Phys 18: 376-404.
46. Spalding DB (1962) A new analytical expression for the drag of a flat plate valid for both the turbulent and laminar regimes. Int J Heat Mass Transf 5: 1133-1138.
47. Vardoulakis S, Fisher BE, Pericleous K, Gonzalez-Flesca N (2003) Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmos Environ 37: 155-182.
48. Wallace JM, Eckelmannm H, Brodkey RS (1972) The wall region in turbulent shear flow. J Fluid Mech 54: 39-48.