Levels of emotional awareness: A model for conceptualizing and measuring emotion-centered structural change

International Journal of Psychoanalysis

Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 289-310

  Subic Wrana, Claudia ^a   Beutel, Manfred E ^a   Garfield, David A S ^a   Lane, Richard D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER MAINZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

Affect processing; Assessment; Implicit and explicit; Structural change

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CASE REPORT; CONFLICT; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; EGO DEVELOPMENT; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT RELATION; PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOANALYSIS; PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SOMATOFORM DISORDER; STATISTICS; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; AWARENESS; COMMUNICATION; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY); DEFENSE MECHANISMS; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MIND-BODY RELATIONS, METAPHYSICAL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES; PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY; PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS; TRANSFERENCE (PSYCHOLOGY);

EID: 79955475127     PISSN: 00207578     EISSN: 17458315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2011.00392.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric.
2. Barrett LF, Lane RD, Sechrest L, Schwartz GE (2000). Sex differences in emotional awareness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 26:1027-35.
3. Beutel ME, Michal M, Subic-Wrana C (2008). Psychoanalytically-oriented inpatient psychotherapy of somatoform disorders. J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatry 36:125-42.
4. Beutel ME, Rasting M, Stuhr U, Rüger B, Leuzinger-Böhleber M (2004). Assessing the impact of psychoanalyses and long-term psychoanalytic therapies on health care utilization and costs. Psychother Res 14:146-60.
5. Blatt SJ, Wein SJ, Chevron E, Quinlan DM (1979). Parental representations and depression in normal young adults. J Abnormal Psychol 88:388-97.
6. Boston Change Process Study Group, Bruschweiler-Stern N, Harrison AM, Lyons-Ruth K, Morgan AC, Nahum JP, Sander LW, Stern DN, Tronick EZ (2002). Explicating the implicit: The local level and the microprocess of change in the analytic situation. Int J Psychoanal 83:1051-62.
7. Bühler C (1928). Kindheit und Jugend. Leipzig: Hirzel.
8. Cierpka M, Grande T, Rudolf G, von der Tann M, Stasch M, the OPD Task Force (2007). The operationalized psychodynamic diagnostic system: Clinical relevance, reliability and validity. Psychopathol 40:209-20.
9. Clyman RB (1991). The procedural organization of emotions: A contribution from cognitive science to the psychoanalytic theory of therapeutic action. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 39(Suppl.):349-82.
10. Fonagy P (1998). Die Bedeutung der Entwicklung metakognitiver Kontrolle der mentalen repräsentanzen für die Betreuung und das Wachstum des Kindes. Psyche 52:349-68.
11. Fonagy P, Gergely G, Jurist EL, Target M (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization and the development of the self. New York, NY: Other Press.
12. Fonagy P, Target M (1997). Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Dev Psychopathol 9:679-700.
13. Grande T, Dilg R, Jakobsen T, Keller W, Krawietz B, Langer M, et al. (2006). Differential effects of two forms of psychoanalytic therapy: Results of the Heidelberg-Berlin study. Psychother Res 16:470-85.
14. Huber D, Klug G (2003). Skalen psychischer Kompetenz. Z Klin Psychol Psychiatr Psychother 22:394-402.
15. Kihlstrom JF, Mulvaney S, Tobias BA, Tobis IP (2000). The emotional unconscious. In: Eich E, Kihlstrom JF, Bower GH, Forgas JP, Niedenthal PM, editors. Cognition and emotion, 30-86. New York, NY: Oxford UP.
16. Lane RD, Garfield DAS (2005). Becoming aware of feelings: Integration of cognitive-developmental, neuroscientific and psychoanalytic perspectives. Neuro-Psychoanal 7:1-6.
17. Lane RD, Quinlan D, Schwartz G, Walker P, Zeitlin S. (1990). The levels of emotional awareness scale: A cognitive-developmental measure of emotion. J Pers Assess 55:124-34.
18. Lane RD, Schwartz GE (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: A cognitive-developmental theory and its application to psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry 144:133-43.
19. Lane RD, Sechrest L, Riedel R (1998). Sociodemographic correlates of alexithymia. Compr Psychiatry 38:377-85.
20. Lane RD, Sechrest L, Riedel R, Weldon V, Kaszniak AW, Schwartz GE (1996). Impaired verbal and nonverbal emotion recognition in alexithymia. Psychosom Med 58:203-10.
21. Larsen RJ, Diener E (1987). Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic: A review. J Res Personal 21:1-39.
22. Leuzinger-Böhleber M, Rüger B, Stuhr U, Beutel ME (2003). How to study the 'quality of psychoanalytic treatments' and their long-term effects on patients' well-being: A representative, multi-perspective follow-up study. Int J Psychoanal 84:263-90.
23. Levine D, Marziali E, Hood J (1997). Emotion processing in borderline personality disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 185:240-6.
24. Lichtenberg J (1989). Psychoanalysis and motivation. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
25. Loevinger J, Wessler R (1970). Measuring ego development. Vol.1: Construction and use of a sentence completion test. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
26. Main M, Goldwyn R (1996). Adult attachment classification and rating system. Unpublished manuscript. Berkeley, CA: U California, Department of Psychology.
27. Metzger W (1936, 1953, 1975). Gesetze des Sehens. Frankfurt/Main: Fischer.
28. Piaget J (1974). Psychologie der Intelligenz. München: Kindler.
29. Rudolf G, Grande T, Henningsen P (2002). Die Struktur der Persönlichkeit. Stuttgart: Schattauer.
30. Rudolf G, Grande T, Oberbracht C (2000). Die Heidelberger Umstrukturierungsskala. Psychotherapeut 45:237-46.
31. Stern DN (1985). The interpersonal world of the human infant. New York, NY: Basic Books.
32. Stiles WB, Meshot CM, Anderson TM, Sloan WW Jr (1992). Assimilation of problematic experiences: The case of John Jones. Psychother Res 2:81-101.
33. Subic-Wrana C (2000). Levels of emotional awareness scale - erste Erprobung eines neuen Alexithymietests im deutschen Sprachraum. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Köln, Köln.
34. Subic-Wrana C, Beutel ME, Knebel A, Lane RD (2010). Theory of mind and emotional awareness deficits in the somatoform disorders. Psychosom Med e-pub March 11, 2010. doi.
35. Subic-Wrana C, Bruder S, Thomas W, Lane RD, Köhle K (2005). Emotional awareness deficits in inpatients of a psychosomatic ward: A comparison of two different measures of alexithymia. Psychosom Med 67:483-9.
36. Sugarman A (2006). Mentalization, insightfulness, and therapeutic action. The importance of mental organization. Int J Psychoanal 87:965-87.
37. Wallerstein B (1988). Assessment of structural change in psychoanalytic therapy and research. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 36:241-6.
38. Werner H, Kaplan B (1963). Symbol formation: An organismic-development approach to language and the expression of thoughts. New York, NY: Wiley.
39. Wiltink J, Beutel ME, Subic-Wrana C (2010). Entwicklung einer 4-Item Kurzversion der levels of emotional awareness scale (LEAS). Poster presented to the Meeting of the German Psychosomatic Congress, Berlin, March 2010.