A ketogenic diet for intractable childhood epilepsy; as an early option as well as a last resort

Brain and Nerve

Volumn 63, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 393-400

  Ito, Susumu ^a   Oguni, Hirokazu ^a  

^a TOKYO WOMEN'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ketogenic diet; Low glycemic index treatment; MCT; Medium chain triglycerides; Modified Atkins diet

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BENIGN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; KETOGENIC DIET;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; INFANT; KETOGENIC DIET; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 79955404317     PISSN: 18816096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Carpenter D: Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: expert opinion, 2005. J Child Neurol 20: S1-S56, 2005
2. Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B, Cnaan A, Chadwick D, et al: ILAE treatment guidelines: evidence-based analysis of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia 47: 1094-1120, 2006 (Pubitemid 44086745)
3. Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Arzimanoglou A, Carpenter D: Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007. Epileptic Disord 9: 353-412, 2007
4. Engel J Jr; International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE): A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia 42: 796-803, 2001
5. Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross JH, et al: Revised terminology and concepts for Organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia 51: 676-685, 2010
6. Cross JH, Jayakar P, Nordli D, Delalande O, Duchowny M et al: Proposed criteria for referral and evaluation of children for epilepsy surgery: recommendations of the Subcommission for Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery. Epilepsia 47: 952-959, 2006 (Pubitemid 43801505)
7. Vining EP, Freeman JM, Ballaban-Gil K, Camfield CS, Camfield PR, et al: A multicenter study of the efficacy of the ketogenic diet. Arch Neurol 55: 1433-1437, 1998 (Pubitemid 28525504)
8. Freeman JM, Vining EP, Pillas DJ, Pyzik PL, Casey JC, et al: The efficacy of the ketogenic diet-1998: a prospective evaluation of intervention in 150 children. Pediatrics 102: 1358-1363, 1998.
9. Kang HC, Kim YJ, Kim DW, Kim HD: Efficacy and safety of the ketogenic diet for intractable childhood epilepsy: Korean multicentric experience. Epilepsia 46: 272-279, 2005
10. Freeman JM, Kossoff EH, Hartman AL: The ketogenic diet: one decade later. Pediatrics 119: 535-543, 2007
11. Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, Lawson MS, Edwards N, et al: The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 7: 500-506, 2008
12. Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Amark PE, Ballaban-Gil KR, Christina Bergqvist AG, et al: Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia 50: 304-317, 2009
13. Coppola G, Verrotti A, Ammendola E, Operto FF, Corte RD, et al: Ketogenic diet for the treatment of catastrophic epileptic encephalopathies in childhood. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 14: 229-234, 2010
14. Kossoff EH, Krauss GL, McGrogan JR, Freeman JM: Efficacy of the Atkins diet as therapy for intractable epilepsy. Neurology 61: 1789-1791, 2003 (Pubitemid 38020831)
15. Pfeifer HH, Thiele EA: Low-glycemic-index treatment: a liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Neurology 65: 1810-1812, 2005
16. Wheless JW: History and origin of the ketogenic diet. In Epilepsy and the ketogenic diet. Stafstrom CE, Rho JM (Eds). Humana Press Inc, Totowa, 2004, pp31-50
17. Guelpa G, Marie A: La lutte contre l'épilepsie par la désintoxication et par la réducation alimentaire. Rev Ther Med Chir (Paris) 78: 8-13, 1911
18. Geyelin HR: Fasting as a method for treating epilepsy. Med Rec 99: 1037-1039, 1921
19. Woodyatt RT: Objects and method of diet adjustment in diabetes. Arch Intern Med 28: 124-141, 1921
20. Wilder RM: The effect of ketonuria on the course of epilepsy. Mayo Clin Bull 2: 307, 1921
21. Peterman MG: The ketogenic diet in epilepsy. JAMA 84: 1979-1983, 1925
22. Huttenlocher PR, Wilbourn AJ, Signore JM: Medium-chain triglycerides as a therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy. Neurology 21: 1097-1103, 1971
23. Freeman JM, Kelly MT, Freeman JB: The epilepsy diet treatment: An introduction to the ketogenic diet. Demos Medical Publishing, New York, 1994
24. Seidner G, Alvarez MG, Yeh JI, O'Driscoll KR, Klepper J, et al: GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of the blood-brain barrier hexose carrier. Nat Genet 18: 188-191, 1998 (Pubitemid 28082472)
25. Kossoff EH, McGrogan JR: Worldwide use of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 46: 280-289, 2005
26. Kang HC, Chung DE, Kim DW, Kim HD: Early- and late-onset complications of the ketogenic diet for intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 45: 1116-1123, 2004 (Pubitemid 39238123)
27. Kim DW, Kang HC, Park JC, Kim HD: Benefits of the nonfasting ketogenic diet compared with the initial fasting ketogenic diet. Pediatrics 114: 1627-1630, 2004
28. Kang HC, Lee YM, Kim HD, Lee JS, Slama A: Safe and effective use of the ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex defects. Epilepsia 48: 82-88, 2007 (Pubitemid 46096027)
29. Kang HC, Lee HS, You SJ, Kang du C, Ko TS, et al: Use of a modified Atkins diet in intractable childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia 48: 182-186, 2007 (Pubitemid 46096041)
30. Seo JH, Kim HD: Cultural challenges in using the ketogenic diet in Asian countries. Epilepsia 49: 50-52, 2008
31. Huttenlocher PR: Ketonemia and seizures: metabolic and anticonvulsant effects of two ketogenic diets in childhood epilepsy. Pediatr Res 10: 536-540, 1976
32. Gilbert DL, Pyzik PL, Freeman JM: The ketogenic diet: seizure control correlates better with serum beta-hydroxybutyrate than with urine ketones. J Child Neurol 15: 787-790, 2000 (Pubitemid 32151052)
33. Rho JM, Anderson GD, Donevan SD, White HS: Acetoacetate, acetone, and dibenzylamine (a contaminant in 1-(+)-beta-hydroxybutyrate) exhibit direct anticonvulsant actions in vivo. Epilepsia 43: 358-361, 2002 (Pubitemid 34297173)
34. Likhodii SS, Musa K, Mendonca A, Dell C, Burnham WM, et al: Dietary fat, ketosis, and seizure resistance in rats on the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia 41: 1400-1410, 2000
35. Thio LL, Wong M, Yamada KA: Ketone bodies do not directly alter excitatory or inhibitory hippocampal synaptic transmission. Neurology 54: 325-331, 2000 (Pubitemid 30078061)
36. Ma W, Berg J, Yellen G: Ketogenic diet metabolites reduce firing in central neurons by opening K(ATP) Channels. J Neurosci 27: 3618-3625, 2007 (Pubitemid 46557685)
37. Likhodii SS, Serbenescu I, Cortez MA, Murphy P, Snead OC 3rd, et al: Anticonvulsant properties of acetone, a brain ketone elevated by the ketogenic diet. Ann Neurol 54: 219-226, 2003 (Pubitemid 36909620)
38. Muzykewicz DA, Lyczkowski DA, Memon N, Conant KD, Pfeifer HH, et al: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the low glycemic index treatment in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia 50: 1118-1126, 2009
39. Garriga-Canut M, Schoenike B, Qazi R, Bergendahl K, Daley TJ, et al: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose reduces epilepsy progression by NRSF-CtBP-dependent metabolic regulation of chromatin structure. Nat Neurosci 9: 1382-1387, 2006
40. Stafstrom CE, Ockuly JC, Murphree L, Valley MT, Roopra A, et al: Anticonvulsant and antiepileptic actions of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in epilepsy models. Ann Neurol 65: 435-447, 2009
41. Seino S, Miki T: Physiological and pathophysiological roles of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 81: 133-176, 2003 (Pubitemid 36141258)
42. Fraser DD, Whiting S, Andrew RD, Macdonald EA, Musa-Veloso K et al: Elevated polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum obtained from children on the ketogenic diet. Neurology 60: 1026-1029, 2003 (Pubitemid 36348942)
43. Dekaban AS: Plasma lipids in epileptic children treated with the high fat diet. Arch Neurol 15: 177-184, 1966
44. Xiao Y, Li X: Polyunsaturated fatty acids modify mouse hippocampal neuronal excitability during excitotoxic or convulsant stimulation. Brain Res 846: 112-121, 1999 (Pubitemid 29486447)
45. Levy R, Cooper P: Ketogenic diet for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD001903, 2003
46. Groesbeck DK, Bluml RM, Kossoff EH: Long-term use of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 48: 978-981, 2006 (Pubitemid 44768800)
47. Bergqvist AG, Schall JI, Gallagher PR, Cnaan A, Stallings VA: Fasting versus gradual initiation of the ketogenic diet: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Epilepsia 46: 1810-1819, 2005
48. Schön von H, Lippach I, Gelpke W: Stoffwechseluntersuchungen mit einem Mischglycerid der fettsäuren Mittlerer Kettenlänge. Gastroenterologia 91: 199-213, 1959
49. Schwartz RH, Eaton J, Bower BD, Aynsley-Green A: Ketogenic diets in the treatment of epilepsy: short-term clinical effects. Dev Med Child Neurol 31: 145-151, 1989
50. Neal EG, Chaffe H, Schwartz RH, Lawson MS, Edwards N, et al: A randomized trial of classical and medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diets in the treatment of childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia 50: 1109-1117, 2009
51. Atkins RC: Dr. Atkins' new diet revolution. Avon, New York, 2002
52. Kossoff EH, McGrogan JR, Bluml RM, Pillas DJ, Rubenstein JE, et al: A modified Atkins diet is effective for the treatment of intractable pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia 47: 421-424, 2006
53. Kossoff EH, Rowley H, Sinha SR, Vining EP: A prospective study of the modified Atkins diet for intractable epilepsy in adults. Epilepsia 49: 316-319, 2008 (Pubitemid 351171986)
54. Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, et al: Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 362-366, 1981 (Pubitemid 11159124)
55. Ito S, Oguni H, Ito Y, Ishigaki K, Ohinata J, et al: Modified Atkins diet therapy for a case with glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. Brain Dev 30: 226-228, 2008 (Pubitemid 351258244)