Potential impact of single-risk-factor versus total risk management for the prevention of cardiovascular events in Seychelles;Impact potentiel de la prise en charge du risque principal par rapport à la prise en charge du risque total dans la prévention des événements cardiovasculaires aux Seychelles

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Volumn 89, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 286-295

  Ndindjock, Roger ^a   Gedeon, Jude ^b   Mendis, Shanthi ^c   Paccaud, Fred ^b   Bovet, Pascal ^d  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Seychelles)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMLODIPINE; ATENOLOL; ATORVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LISINOPRIL;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE PREVALENCE; DISEASE TREATMENT; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH RISK; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; AFRICA; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG COST; FATALITY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POLYPHARMACY; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; SEYCHELLES; SINGLE RISK FACTOR MANAGEMENT; TOTAL RISK MANAGEMENT;

ADULT; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SEYCHELLES; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

SEYCHELLES;

EID: 79955383682     PISSN: 00429686     EISSN: 15640604     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.10.082370     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Preventing chronic diseases. A vital investment: WHO global report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
2. Capewell S, O'Flaherty M. What explains declining coronary mortality? Lessons and warnings. Heart 2008;94:1105-8. doi:10.1136/ hrt.2008.149930 PMID:18703684
3. Kesteloot H, Sans S, Kromhout D. Dynamics of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Western and Eastern Europe between 1970 and 2000. Eur Heart J 2006;27:107-13. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi511 PMID:16204263
4. Whitworth JA; World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1983-92. doi:10.1097/00004872-200311000-00002 PMID:14597836
5. Murray CJ, Lauer JA, Hutubessy RC, Niessen L, Tomijima N, Rodgers A et al. Effectiveness and costs of interventions to lower systolic blood pressure and cholesterol: a global and regional analysis on reduction of cardiovascular-disease risk. Lancet 2003;361:717-25. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12655-4 PMID:12620735
6. Jackson R. Updated New Zealand cardiovascular disease risk-benefit prediction guide. BMJ 2000;320:709-10. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7236.709 PMID:10710588
7. Mendis S, Lindholm LH, Mancia G, Whitworth J, Alderman M, Lim S et al. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk prediction charts: assessment of cardiovascular risk for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in low and middle-income countries. J Hypertens 2007;25:1578-82. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282861fd3 PMID:17620952
8. Gaziano TA, Opie LH, Weinstein MC. Cardiovascular disease prevention with a multidrug regimen in the developing world: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet 2006;368:679-86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69252-0 PMID:16920473
9. Conroy RM, Pyörälä K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G et al.; SCORE project group. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987-1003. doi:10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3 PMID:12788299
10. D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117:743-53. doi:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579 PMID:18212285
11. Sans S, Fitzgerald AP, Royo D, Conroy R, Graham I. Calibración de la tabla SCORE de riesgo cardiovascular para España. Rev Esp Cardiol 2007;60:476-85. doi:10.1016/S0300-8932(07)75064-9 PMID:17535758
12. Zhang XF, Attia J, D'Este C, Yu XH, Wu XG. A risk score predicted coronary heart disease and stroke in a Chinese cohort. J Clin Epidemiol 2005;58:951-8. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.01.013 PMID:16085199
13. Prevention of cardiovascular disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007. Available from: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/guidelines/PocketGL.ENGLISH.A FR-D-E.rev1.pdf [accessed 2 February 2011].
14. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009;338:b1665. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1665
15. Lonn E, Bosch J, Teo KK, Pais P, Xavier D, Yusuf S. The polypill in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: key concepts, current status, challenges, and future directions. Circulation 2010;122:2078-88. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.873232 PMID:21098469
16. Yusuf S. Two decades of progress in preventing vascular disease. Lancet 2002;360:2-3. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09358-3 PMID:12114031
17. Wald NJ, Law MR. A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ 2003;326:1419-23. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1419 PMID:12829553
18. Yusuf S, Pais P, Afzal R, Xavier D, Teo K, Eikelboom J et al. The Indian polycap study (TIPS). Effects of a polypill (Polycap) on risk factors in middle-aged individuals without cardiovascular disease (Trends Pharmacol Sci): a phase II, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet 2009;373:1341-51.
19. Statistical abstracts. Victoria: Management & Information Systems Division, Republic of Seychelles; 2005.
20. Bovet P, Shamlaye C, Gabriel A, Riesen W, Paccaud F. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-income country and estimated cost of a treatment strategy. BMC Public Health 2006;6:9. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-9 PMID:16423280
21. Danon-Hersch N, Chiolero A, Shamlaye C, Paccaud F, Bovet P. Decreasing association between body mass index and blood pressure over time. Epidemiology 2007;18:493-500. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e318063eebf PMID:17525694
22. Faeh D, William J, Tappy L, Ravussin E, Bovet P. Prevalence, awareness and control of diabetes in the Seychelles and relationship with excess body weight. BMC Public Health 2007;7:163. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-163 PMID:17640380
23. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, Emberson J, Godwin J, Peto R et al.; Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009;373:1849-60. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60503-1 PMID:19482214
24. Brugts JJ, Yetgin T, Hoeks SE, Gotto AM, Shepherd J, Westendorp RG et al. The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009;338(jun30 1):b2376. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2376
25. Emberson J, Whincup P, Morris R, Walker M, Ebrahim S. Evaluating the impact of population and high-risk strategies for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2004;25:484-91. doi:10.1016/j. ehj.2003.11.012 PMID:15039128
26. Bovet P, Didon J, Junker C, Michel P, Paccaud F. Decreasing stroke and myocardial infarction mortality in a country of the African region. Stroke 2007;38(Suppl 2):535.
27. Gupta R, Prakash H, Gupta RR. Economic issues in coronary heart disease prevention in India. J Hum Hypertens 2005;19:655-7. doi:10.1038/ sj.jhh.1001871 PMID:15829996
28. Ahmad O, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez A, Murray C, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
29. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-97. doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 PMID:11368702
30. Cushman M, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Jenny NS, Lakoski SG, Howard G. Implications of increased C-reactive protein for cardiovascular risk stratification in black and white men and women in the US. Clin Chem 2009;55:1627-36. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.122093 PMID:19643839
31. Lim SS, Gaziano TA, Gakidou E, Reddy KS, Farzadfar F, Lozano R et al. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals in low-income and middle-income countries: health effects and costs. Lancet 2007;370:2054-62. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61699-7 PMID:18063025
32. World health statistics. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
33. Viera AJ, Sheridan SL, Edwards T, Soliman EZ, Harris R, Furberg CD. Acceptance of a polypill approach to prevent cardiovascular disease among a sample of US. Physicians 2011;52:10-5.
34. Huy C, Litaker D. Physician support for a population-based pharmaceutical approach to cardiovascular prevention: not there yet. Prev Med 2011;52:18-9.
35. Package of essential noncommunicable (WHO-PEN) disease interventions for primary health care in low resource settings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
36. Wells S, Whittaker R, Dorey E, Bullen C. Harnessing health IT for improved cardiovascular risk management. PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000313. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000313 PMID:20811495
37. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2010. Diabetes Care 2010;33(Suppl 1):S11-61. doi:10.2337/dc10-S011 PMID:20042772
38. O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P et al.; INTERSTROKE investigators. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010;376:112-23. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60834-3 PMID:20561675
39. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F et al.; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004;364:937-52. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9 PMID:15364185
40. Bovet P, Burnier M, Madeleine G, Waeber B, Paccaud F. Monitoring one-year compliance to antihypertension medication in the Seychelles. Bull World Health Organ 2002;80:33-9. PMID:11884971
41. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Larson MG, Massaro JM, Vasan RS. Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the framingham heart study. Circulation 2009;119:3078-84. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816694 PMID:19506114
42. Guglietta A, Guerrero M. Issues to consider in the pharmaceutical development of a cardiovascular polypill. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2009;6:112-9.
43. Sleight P, Pouleur H, Zannad F. Benefits, challenges, and registerability of the polypill. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1651-6.
44. Asaria P, Chisholm D, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Beaglehole R. Chronic disease prevention: health effects and financial costs of strategies to reduce salt intake and control tobacco use. Lancet 2007;370:2044-53. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(07)61698-5 PMID:18063027
45. Prevention of cardiovascular disease at population level (NICE Publication 35). London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2010.
46. Wright JT Jr, Dunn JK, Cutler JA, Davis BR, Cushman WC, Ford CE et al.; ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. JAMA 2005;293:1595-608. doi:10.1001/jama.293.13.1595 PMID:15811979