메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 427-438

Urban structures provide new insights into interactions among grazers and habitat

Author keywords

Cellana tramoserica; Competition; Habitat; Indirect effect; Intertidal; Limpets; Oysters; Patelloida latistrigata; Seawalls; Urban structures

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GASTROPOD; GRAZING; HABITAT TYPE; INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; NUMERICAL MODEL; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; SURVIVAL; URBAN AREA; URBAN SITE; URBANIZATION;

EID: 79955125276     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/09-1940.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 28544437024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low-crested and other hard coastal defence structures
    • DOI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.09.007, PII S0378383905001158
    • Airoldi, L., M. Abbiati, M. W. Beck, S. J. Hawkins, P. R. Jonsson, D. Martin, P. S. Moschella, A. Sundelof, R. C. Thompson, and P. Aberg. 2005. An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low-crested and other hard coastal defence structures. Coastal Engineering 52:1073-1087. (Pubitemid 41742281)
    • (2005) Coastal Engineering , vol.52 , Issue.10-11 , pp. 1073-1087
    • Airoldi, L.1    Abbiati, M.2    Beck, M.W.3    Hawkins, S.J.4    Jonsson, P.R.5    Martin, D.6    Moschella, P.S.7    Sundelof, A.8    Thompson, R.C.9    Aberg, P.10
  • 2
    • 34247165130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystems: An empirical analysis in Puget lowland sub-basins
    • DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.08.001, PII S0169204606001277
    • Alberti, M., D. Booth, K. Hill, B. Coburn, C. Avolio, S. Coe, and D. Spirandelli. 2007. The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystems: an empirical analysis in Puget lowland sub-basins. Landscape and Urban Planning 80:345-361. (Pubitemid 46601682)
    • (2007) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-361
    • Alberti, M.1    Booth, D.2    Hill, K.3    Coburn, B.4    Avolio, C.5    Coe, S.6    Spirandelli, D.7
  • 3
    • 0032963682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of encroachment and bankside development on the habitat complexity and supralittoral invertebrate communities of the Thames Estuary foreshore
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199903/04)9:2<237::AID-AQC344>3.0.CO;2- S
    • Attrill, M. J., D. T. Bilton, A. A. Rowden, S. D. Rundle, and R. M. Thomas. 1999. The impact of encroachment and bankside development on the habitat complexity and supralittoral invertebrate communities of the Thames Estuary foreshore. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9:237-247. (Pubitemid 29181847)
    • (1999) Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-247
    • Attrill, M.J.1    Bilton, D.T.2    Rowden, A.A.3    Rundle, S.D.4    Thomas, R.M.5
  • 4
    • 0032576609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of landfills to urban-nesting herring and ring-billed gulls
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00100-5, PII S0169204698001005
    • Belant, J. L., S. K. Ickes, and T. W. Seamans. 1998. Importance of landfills to urban-nesting herring and ring-billed gulls. Landscape and Urban Planning 43:11-19. (Pubitemid 29020269)
    • (1998) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.43 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 11-19
    • Belant, J.L.1    Ickes, S.K.2    Seamans, T.W.3
  • 5
    • 40149096814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of seawalls to waves within an urban estuary: Effects on intertidal assemblages
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01805.x
    • Blockley, D. J., and M. G. Chapman. 2008. Exposure of seawalls to waves within an urban estuary: effects on intertidal assemblages. Austral Ecology 33:168-183. (Pubitemid 351327993)
    • (2008) Austral Ecology , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-183
    • Blockley, D.J.1    Chapman, M.G.2
  • 6
    • 28444478336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intertidal assemblages on seawalls and vertical rocky shores in Sydney Harbour, Australia
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01507.x
    • Bulleri, F., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2005. Intertidal assemblages on seawalls and rocky shores in Sydney Harbour (Australia). Austral Ecology 30:655-667. (Pubitemid 41727324)
    • (2005) Austral Ecology , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 655-667
    • Bulleri, F.1    Chapman, M.G.2    Underwood, A.J.3
  • 7
    • 1642482402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paucity of mobile species on constructed seawalls: Effects of urbanization on biodiversity
    • Chapman, M. G. 2003. Paucity of mobile species on constructed seawalls: effects of urbanization on biodiversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 264:21-29. (Pubitemid 38119111)
    • (2003) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.264 , pp. 21-29
    • Chapman, M.G.1
  • 8
    • 33747894632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intertidal seawalls as habitats for molluscs
    • DOI 10.1093/mollus/eyi069
    • Chapman, M. G. 2006. Intertidal seawalls as habitats for molluscs. Journal of Molluscan Studies 72:247-257. (Pubitemid 44290370)
    • (2006) Journal of Molluscan Studies , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-257
    • Chapman, M.G.1
  • 9
    • 70349281443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering novel habitats on urban infrastructure to increase intertidal biodiversity
    • Chapman, M. G., and D. J. Blockley. 2009. Engineering novel habitats on urban infrastructure to increase intertidal biodiversity. Oecologia 161:625-635.
    • (2009) Oecologia , vol.161 , pp. 625-635
    • Chapman, M.G.1    Blockley, J.D.2
  • 10
    • 0002354097 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and abundance of the acmaeid limpet, Patelloida latistrigata, and its interaction with barnacles
    • Creese, R. G. 1982. Distribution and abundance of the acmaeid limpet, Patelloida latistrigata, and its interaction with barnacles. Oecologia 52:85-96.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.52 , pp. 85-96
    • Creese, R.G.1
  • 11
    • 0020377584 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of inter- and intra-specific competition amongst intertidal limpets with different methods of feeding.
    • Creese, R. G., and A. J. Underwood. 1982. Analysis of inter- and intra-specific competition amongst intertidal limpets with different methods of feeding. Oecologia 53: 337-346. (Pubitemid 13283286)
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-346
    • Creese, R.G.1    Underwood, A.J.2
  • 12
    • 0033556122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits to generality: Seasonal and temporal variation in dispersal of an intertidal gastropod
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00110-5, PII S0022098198001105
    • Crowe, T. P. 1999. Limits to generality: seasonal and temporal variation in dispersal of an intertidal gastropod. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 232:177-196. (Pubitemid 29037158)
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.232 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-196
    • Crowe, T.P.1
  • 13
    • 0036935770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial armored shorelines: Sites for open-coast species in a southern California bay
    • DOI 10.1007/s00227-002-0779-8
    • Davis, J. L. D., L. A. Levin, and S. M. Walther. 2002. Artificial armored shorelines: sites for open-coast species in a southern California bay. Marine Biology 140:1249-1262. (Pubitemid 36080207)
    • (2002) Marine Biology , vol.140 , Issue.6 , pp. 1249-1262
    • Davis, J.L.D.1    Levin, L.A.2    Walther, S.M.3
  • 14
    • 0003405534 scopus 로고
    • Biology and the mechanics of the waveswept environment
    • University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
    • Denny, M. W. 1988. Biology and the mechanics of the waveswept environment. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1988) Princeton
    • Denny, M.W.1
  • 15
    • 0028994837 scopus 로고
    • Predicting physical disturbance: Mechanistic approaches to the study of survivorship on wave-swept shores
    • Denny, M. W. 1995. Predicting physical disturbance: mechanistic approaches to the study of survivorship on wave-swept shores. Ecological Monographs 65:371-418.
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 371-418
    • Denny, M.W.1
  • 16
    • 16844379105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for fragmentation thresholds in a Southern Sydney Suburb
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.040
    • Drinnan, I. N. 2005. The search for fragmentation thresholds in a southern Sydney suburb. Biological Conservation 124:339-349. (Pubitemid 40483235)
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.124 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-349
    • Drinnan, I.N.1
  • 17
    • 0029801461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban, industrial and other manmade sites as analogues of natural habitats for Carabidae
    • Eversham, B. C., D. B. Roy, and M. G. Telfer. 1996. Urban industrial and other manmade sites as analogues of natural habitats for Carabidae. Annales Zoologici Fennici 33:149-156. (Pubitemid 26369892)
    • (1996) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-156
    • Eversham, B.C.1    Roy, D.B.2    Telfer, M.G.3
  • 18
    • 18744402784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic dynamics in urban communities
    • Faeth, S. H., P. S. Warren, E. Shochat, and W. A. Marussich. 2005. Trophic dynamics in urban communities. BioScience 55:399-407. (Pubitemid 40670209)
    • (2005) BioScience , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 399-407
    • Faeth, S.H.1    Warren, P.S.2    Shochat, E.3    Marussich, W.A.4
  • 19
    • 0031721584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating spatial variability in developing assemblages of epibiota on subtidal hard substrata
    • Glasby, T. M. 1998. Estimating spatial variability in developing assemblages of epibiota on subtidal hard substrata. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:429-437. (Pubitemid 28490517)
    • (1998) Marine and Freshwater Research , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 429-437
    • Glasby, T.M.1
  • 20
    • 0033369720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban structures as marine habitats
    • Glasby, T. M., and S. D. Connell. 1999. Urban structures as marine habitats. Ambio 28:595-598. (Pubitemid 30097434)
    • (1999) Ambio , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 595-598
    • Glasby, T.M.1    Connell, S.D.2
  • 21
    • 0038825564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of trampling on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in urban forests in Helsinki, Finland
    • Grandchamp, A. C., J. Niemela, and J. Kotze. 2000. The effects of trampling on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in urban forests in Helsinki, Finland. Urban Ecosystems 4:321-332.
    • (2000) Urban Ecosystems , vol.4 , pp. 321-332
    • Grandchamp, A.C.1    Niemela, J.2    Kotze, J.3
  • 22
    • 0037730208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a sonoran desert ecosystem
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00195-0, PII S0169204602001950
    • Green, D. A., and M. G. Baker. 2003. Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a Sonoran desert ecosystem. Landscape and Urban Planning 63:225-239. (Pubitemid 36533096)
    • (2003) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 225-239
    • Green, D.M.1    Baker, M.G.2
  • 23
    • 77954114655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential patterns of distribution of limpets on intertidal seawalls: Experimental investigation of the roles of recruitment survival and competition
    • Iveša, L., M. G. Chapman, A. J. Underwood, and R. M. Murphy. 2010. Differential patterns of distribution of limpets on intertidal seawalls: experimental investigation of the roles of recruitment, survival and competition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 407:55-69.
    • (2010) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.407 , pp. 55-69
    • Iveša, L.1    Chapman, M.G.2    Underwood, A.J.3    Murphy, R.M.4
  • 24
    • 42149091155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological interactions in the provision of habitat by urban development: Whelks and engineering by oysters on artificial seawalls
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01818.x
    • Jackson, A. C., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2008. Ecological interactions in the provision of habitat by urban development: whelks and engineering by oysters on artificial seawalls. Austral Ecology 33:307-316. (Pubitemid 351533698)
    • (2008) Austral Ecology , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-316
    • Jackson, A.C.1    Chapman, M.G.2    Underwood, A.J.3
  • 25
    • 0002569791 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the limpet Patelloida latistrigata and algae on an intertidal rock platform
    • Jernakoff, P. 1985. Interactions between the limpet Patelloida latistrigata and algae on an intertidal rock platform. Marine Ecology Progress Series 23:71-78.
    • (1985) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.23 , pp. 71-78
    • Jernakoff, P.1
  • 26
    • 0000043946 scopus 로고
    • Derivation of leaf area index from quality of light on the forest floor
    • Jordan, C. F. 1969. Derivation of leaf area index from quality of light on the forest floor. Ecology 50:663-666.
    • (1969) Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 663-666
    • Jordan, C.F.1
  • 27
    • 77957217115 scopus 로고
    • Fluid and sediment dynamic effects on marine benthic community structure
    • Jumars, P. A., and A. R. M. Nowell. 1984. Fluid and sediment dynamic effects on marine benthic community structure. American Zoologist 24:45-55.
    • (1984) American Zoologist , vol.24 , pp. 45-55
    • Jumars, P.A.1    Nowell, A.R.M.2
  • 28
    • 0021642120 scopus 로고
    • Industrial-development and the conservation of vascular plants, with special reference to Britain
    • Kelcey, J. G. 1984. Industrial-development and the conservation of vascular plants, with special reference to Britain. Environmental Conservation 11:235-245.
    • (1984) Environmental Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 235-245
    • Kelcey, J.G.1
  • 29
    • 0028857389 scopus 로고
    • Common ravens and number and type of linear rights-ofway
    • Knight, R. L., H. A. L. Knight, and R. J. Camp. 1995. Common ravens and number and type of linear rights-ofway. Biological Conservation 74:65-67.
    • (1995) Biological Conservation , vol.74 , pp. 65-67
    • Knight, R.L.1    Knight, H.A.L.2    Camp, R.J.3
  • 30
    • 2142829634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert
    • Kristan, W. B., W. I. Boarman, and J. J. Crayon. 2004. Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:244-253. (Pubitemid 38537051)
    • (2004) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 244-253
    • Kristan III, W.B.1    Boarman, W.I.2    Crayon, J.J.3
  • 31
    • 0345180519 scopus 로고
    • Colonization of bare rock surfaces by microflora in a rocky intertidal habitat
    • MacLulich, J. H. 1986. Colonization of bare rock surfaces by microflora in a rocky intertidal habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 32:91-96.
    • (1986) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.32 , pp. 91-96
    • MacLulich, J.H.1
  • 32
    • 0036795910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation
    • McKinney, M. L. 2002. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. BioScience 52:883-890. (Pubitemid 35181478)
    • (2002) BioScience , vol.52 , Issue.10 , pp. 883-890
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 33
    • 0033231959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic homogenization: A few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01679-1, PII S0169534799016791
    • McKinney, M. L., and J. L. Lockwood. 1999. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14: 450-453. (Pubitemid 29482273)
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 450-453
    • McKinney, M.L.1    Lockwood, J.L.2
  • 34
    • 0001578138 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: The Serengeti
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 55:259-294.
    • (1985) Ecological Monographs , vol.55 , pp. 259-294
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 35
    • 33749165273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of urbanisation on habitat generalists: starlings not so flexible?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.actao.2006.03.002, PII S1146609X06000476
    • Mennechez, G., and P. Clergeau. 2006. Effect of urbanization on habitat generalists: starlings not so flexible? Acta Oecologica 30:182-191. (Pubitemid 44472634)
    • (2006) Acta Oecologica , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 182-191
    • Mennechez, G.1    Clergeau, P.2
  • 36
    • 18044363510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oysters as habitat for limpets in a temperate mangrove forest
    • Minchinton, T. E., and P. M. Ross. 1999. Oysters as habitat for limpets in a temperate mangrove forest. Australian Journal of Ecology 24:157-170.
    • (1999) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 157-170
    • Minchinton, T.E.1    Ross, P.M.2
  • 37
    • 40149092712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of occurrence of grazing molluscs on sandstone and concrete seawalls at Sydney Harbour (Australia)
    • Moreira, J. 2006. Patterns of occurrence of grazing molluscs on sandstone and concrete seawalls at Sydney Harbour (Australia). Journal of Molluscan Research 26:51-60.
    • (2006) Journal of Molluscan Research , vol.26 , pp. 51-60
    • Moreira, J.1
  • 39
    • 34249746841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of chitons on seawalls using crevices on sandstone blocks as habitat in Sydney Harbour, Australia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.04.001, PII S0022098107001773
    • Moreira, J., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2007. Maintenance of chitons on seawalls using crevices on sandstone blocks as habitat in Sydney Harbour, Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 347: 134-143. (Pubitemid 46843091)
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.347 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 134-143
    • Moreira, J.1    Chapman, M.G.2    Underwood, A.J.3
  • 41
    • 1642357652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of surface chlorophyll on an exposed mudflat using digital colour-infrared (CIR) photography
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.006
    • Murphy, R. J., T. Tolhurst, M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2004. Estimation of surface chlorophyll on an exposed mudflat using digital colour-infrared (CIR) photography. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 59:625-638. (Pubitemid 38362261)
    • (2004) Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 625-638
    • Murphy, R.J.1    Tolhurst, T.J.2    Chapman, M.G.3    Underwood, A.J.4
  • 42
    • 70350007164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fieldbased remote sensing of intertidal epilithic chlorophyll: Techniques using specialized and conventional digital cameras
    • Murphy, R., A. J. Underwood, and A. C. Jackson. 2008. Fieldbased remote sensing of intertidal epilithic chlorophyll: techniques using specialized and conventional digital cameras. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 380:68-76.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.380 , pp. 68-76
    • Murphy, R.1    Underwood, A.J.2    Jackson, A.C.3
  • 43
    • 27644492285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field spectrometry: New methods to investigate epilithic micro-algae on rocky shores
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.04.018, PII S0022098105002066
    • Murphy, R. J., A. J. Underwood, M. H. Pinkerton, and P. Range. 2005. Field spectrometry: new methods to investigate epilithic micro-algae on rocky shores. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 325:111-124. (Pubitemid 41571343)
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.325 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-124
    • Murphy, R.J.1    Underwood, A.J.2    Pinkerton, M.H.3    Range, P.4
  • 44
    • 10944248343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface roughness effect of vertical and sloped seawalls in incident random wave fields
    • DOI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.07.006, PII S002980180400157X
    • Neelamani, S., and N. Sandhya. 2005. Surface roughness effect of vertical and sloped seawalls in incident random wave fields. Ocean Engineering 32:395-416. (Pubitemid 40019931)
    • (2005) Ocean Engineering , vol.32 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 395-416
    • Neelamani, S.1    Sandhya, N.2
  • 45
    • 0000149002 scopus 로고
    • Food webs, linkage interaction strength, and community infrastructure
    • Paine, R. T. 1980. Food webs, linkage interaction strength, and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology 49: 667-685.
    • (1980) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 667-685
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 46
    • 0037861725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Pimm, S. L. 2002. Food webs. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2002) Food Webs
    • Pimm, S.L.1
  • 47
    • 9944254787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assemblages of groynes in relation to substratum age, aspect and microhabitat
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.09.002, PII S0272771404002434
    • Pinn, E. H., K. Mitchell, and J. Corkill. 2005. The assemblages on groynes in relation to substratum age aspect and microhabitat. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 62:271-282. (Pubitemid 39588163)
    • (2005) Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , vol.62 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 271-282
    • Pinn, E.H.1    Mitchell, K.2    Corkill, J.3
  • 48
    • 0000774859 scopus 로고
    • Simulation experiments illustrating stabilization of animal numbers by spreading of risk
    • Reddingius, J., and P. J. den Boer. 1970. Simulation experiments illustrating stabilization of animal numbers by spreading of risk. Oecologia 5:240-280.
    • (1970) Oecologia , vol.5 , pp. 240-280
    • Reddingius, J.1    Den Boer, P.J.2
  • 49
    • 4043064413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Credit or debit? Resource input changes population dynamics of city-slicker birds
    • DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13159.x
    • Shochat, E. 2004. Credit or debit? Resource input changes population dynamics of city-slicker birds. Oikos 106:622-626. (Pubitemid 39059093)
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 622-626
    • Shochat, E.1
  • 50
    • 0002364141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban ecology-scientific and practical aspects
    • J. Breuste, H. Feldmann, and O. Uhlmann, editors. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • Sukopp, H. 1998. Urban ecology-scientific and practical aspects. Pages 3-16 in J. Breuste, H. Feldmann, and O. Uhlmann, editors. Urban ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1998) Urban Ecology , pp. 3-16
    • Sukopp, H.1
  • 51
    • 0001458411 scopus 로고
    • An experimental evaluation of competition between three species of intertidal prosobranch gastropods
    • Underwood, A. J. 1978. An experimental evaluation of competition between three species of intertidal prosobranch gastropods. Oecologia 33:185-202.
    • (1978) Oecologia , vol.33 , pp. 185-202
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 52
    • 0021539040 scopus 로고
    • Vertical and seasonal patterns in competition for microalgae between intertidal gastropods.
    • Underwood, A. J. 1984. Vertical and seasonal patterns in competition for microalgae between intertidal gastropods. Oecologia 64:211-222. (Pubitemid 16277958)
    • (1984) Oecologia , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-222
    • Underwood, A.J.1
  • 53
    • 0025250839 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the influence of oysters on the distribution, abundance and sizes of the gastropod Bembicium auratum in a mangrove swamp in New South Wales, Australia
    • DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(90)90058-K
    • Underwood, A. J., and G. Barrett. 1990. Experiments on the influence of oysters on the distribution, abundance and sizes of the gastropod Bembicium auratum in a mangrove swamp in New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 137:25-45. (Pubitemid 20427774)
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-45
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Barrett, G.2
  • 54
    • 0021069291 scopus 로고
    • Experimental analyses of the structure and dynamics of mid-shore rocky intertidal communities in New South Wales.
    • Underwood, A. J., E. J. Denley, and M. J. Moran. 1983. Experimental analyses of the structure and dynamics of midshore rocky intertidal communities in New South Wales. Oecologia 56:202-219. (Pubitemid 14269460)
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.56 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 202-219
    • Underwood, A.J.1    Denley, E.J.2    Moran, M.J.3
  • 55
    • 0018664919 scopus 로고
    • I. C. Laurie, editor. Nature in cities. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA
    • Woodell, S. 1979. The flora of walls and pavings. Pages 135-156 in I. C. Laurie, editor. Nature in cities. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1979) The Flora of Walls and Pavings , pp. 135-156
    • Woodell, S.1
  • 56
    • 0027388022 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects and habitat use in an intertidal community: interaction chains and interaction modifications
    • DOI 10.1086/285461
    • Wootton, J. T. 1993. Indirect effects and habitat use in an intertidal community: interaction chains and interaction modifications. American Naturalist 141:71-89. (Pubitemid 23401323)
    • (1993) American Naturalist , vol.141 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-89
    • Wootton, J.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.