Role of line-of-sight cosmic-ray interactions in forming the spectra of distant blazars in TeV gamma rays and high-energy neutrinos

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 731, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Essey, Warren ^a   Kalashev, Oleg ^b   Kusenko, Alexander ^a,c   Beacom, John F ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH   (Russian Federation)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^d OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cosmic rays; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; gamma rays: general; gamma rays: ISM

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955019146     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/731/1/51     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Abbasi, R. et al. 2009, ApJ, 701, L47
2. Abdo, A. A. et al. 2010, ApJ, 723, 1082
3. Abraham, J. et al. 2007, Science, 318, 938
4. Abraham, J. et al. 2008, Astropart. Phys., 29, 188
5. Acciari, V. A. et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 397
6. Acciari, V. A. et al. 2009, ApJ, 693, L104
7. Acciari, V. A. et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, L163
8. Aharonian, F. et al. 2006a, Science, 314, 1424
9. Aharonian, F. et al. 2006b, Nature, 440, 1018
10. Aharonian, F. et al. 2007a, A&A, 473, L25
11. Aharonian, F. et al. 2007b, A&A, 475, L9
12. Aharonian, F. et al. 2007c, A&A, 470, 475
13. Albert, J. et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, 761
14. Albert, J. et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, L23
15. Aleksić, J. et al. 2011, ApJ, 726, 58
16. Aliu, E. et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, L29
17. Ando, S. & Kusenko, A. 2010, ApJ, 722, L39
18. Bednarz, J. & Ostrowski, M. 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 3911
19. Berezinsky, V., Gazizov, A. Z., & Grigorieva, S. I. 2006, Phys. Rev. D, 74, 043005
20. Blazejowski, M. et al. 2005, ApJ, 630, 130
21. Blumenthal, G. R. 1970, Phys. Rev. D, 1, 1596
22. Calvez, A., Kusenko, A., & Nagataki, S. 2010, Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 091101
23. Costamante, L., Aharonian, F., Bühler, R., Khangulyan, D., Reimer, A., & Reimer, O. 2008, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (AIP Conf. Ser. 1085), ed. F. A. Aharonian, W. Hofmann, & F. Rieger (Melville, NY: AIP), 644
24. de Jager, O. C., Stecker, F. W., & Salamon, M. H. 1994, Nature, 369, 294
25. Essey, W., Ando, S., & Kusenko, A. 2010a, arXiv:1012.5313
26. Essey, W., Kalashev, O. E., Kusenko, A., & Beacom, J. F. 2010b, Phys. Rev. Lett., 104, 141102
27. Essey, W. & Kusenko, A. 2010, Astropart. Phys., 33, 81
28. Finke, J. D. & Razzaque, S. 2009, ApJ, 698, 1761
29. Finke, J. D., Razzaque, S., & Dermer, C. D. 2010, ApJ, 712, 238
30. Franceschini, A., Rodighiero, G., & Vaccari, M. 2008, A&A, 487, 837
31. Gilmore, R. C., Madau, P., Primack, J. R., Somerville, R. S., & Haardt, F. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1694
32. Golup, G., Harari, D., Mollerach, S., & Roulet, E. 2009, Astropart. Phys., 32, 269
33. Greisen, K. 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett., 16, 748
34. Harari, D., Mollerach, S., & Roulet, E. 2000a, J. High. Energy Phys., JHEP10(2000)047
35. Harari, D., Mollerach, S., & Roulet, E. 2000b, J. High. Energy Phys., JHEP02(2000)035
36. Heavens, A. F. & Drury, L. O. 1988, MNRAS, 235, 997
37. Holder, J. et al. 2008, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (AIP Conf. Ser. 1085), ed. F. A. Aharonian, W. Hofmann, & F. Rieger (Melville, NY: AIP), 657
38. Horiuchi, S., Beacom, J. F., & Dwek, E. 2009, Phys. Rev. D, 79, 083013
39. Kandus, A., Kunze, K. E., & Tsagas, C. G. 2010, arXiv:1007.3891
40. Kirk, J. G. & Schneider, P. 1987, ApJ, 315, 425
41. Kneiske, T. M., Bretz, T., Mannheim, K., & Hartmann, D. H. 2004, A&A, 413, 807
42. Kneiske, T. M., Mannheim, K., & Hartmann, D. H. 2002, A&A, 386, 1
43. Krennrich, F. et al. 2002, ApJ, 575, L9
44. Malkov, M. A. & Drury, L. O. 2001, Rep. Prog. Phys., 64, 429
45. Mazin, D. & Raue, M. 2007, A&A, 471, 439
46. Mücke, A., Engel, R., Rachen, J. P., Protheroe, R. J., & Stanev, T. 2000, Comput. Phys. Commun., 124, 290
47. Murase, K. & Beacom, J. F. 2010, Phys. Rev. D, 82, 043008
48. Neronov, A. & Vovk, I. 2010, Science, 328, 73
49. Peacock, J. A. 1981, MNRAS, 196, 135
50. Primack, J. R., Gilmore, R. C., & Somerville, R. S. 2009, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (AIP Conf. Proc. 1085), ed. F. A. Aharonian, W. Hofmann, & F. Rieger (Melville, NY: AIP), 71
51. Protheroe, R. J. 1986, MNRAS, 221, 769
52. Rando, R.the Fermi LAT Collaboration. 2009, arXiv:0907.0626
53. Razzaque, S., Dermer, C. D., & Finke, J. D. 2009, ApJ, 697, 483
54. Salamon, M. H. & Stecker, F. W. 1998, ApJ, 493, 547
55. Stanev, T. & Franceschini, A. 1998, ApJ, 494, L159
56. Stecker, F. W., Baring, M. G., & Summerlin, E. J. 2007, ApJ, 667, L29
57. Stecker, F. W., de Jager, O. C., & Salamon, M. H. 1992, ApJ, 390, L49
58. Stecker, F. W., Done, C., Salamon, M. H., & Sommers, P. 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, 2697
59. Stecker, F. W., Malkan, M. A., & Scully, S. T. 2006, ApJ, 648, 774
60. Szabo, A. P. & Protheroe, R. J. 1994, Astropart. Phys., 2, 375
61. Xu, C., Lonsdale, C. J., Shupe, D. L., O'Linger, J., & Masci, F. 2001, ApJ, 562, 179
62. Yang, J. & Wang, J. 2010, A&A, 522, A12
63. Zatsepin, G. T. & Kuzmin, V. A. 1966, JETP Lett., 4, 78