Fast variability of tera-electron volt γ rays from the radio galaxy M87

Science

Volumn 314, Issue 5804, 2006, Pages 1424-1427

  Aharonian, F ^a   Akhperjanian, A G ^b   Bazer Bachi, A R ^c   Beilicke, M ^d   Benbow, W ^a   Berge, D ^a   Bernlohr K ^a,e   Boisson, C ^c   Bolz, O ^a   Borrel, V ^c   Braun, I ^a   Brown, A M ^f   Buhler R ^a   Busching I ^g   Carrigan, S ^a   Chadwick, P M ^f   Chounet, L M ^h   Coignet, G ⁱ   Cornils, R ^d   Costamante, L ^a,v   Degrange, B ^h   Dickinson, H J ^f   Djannati Atai A ^j   Drury, L O'C ^k   Dubus, G ^h   Egberts, K ^a   Emmanoulopoulos, D ^l   Espigat, P ^j   Feinstein, F ^m   Ferrero, E ^l   Fiasson, A ^m   Fontaine, G ^h   Funk, Seb ^e   Funk, S ^a   Fußling M ^e   Gallant, Y A ^m   Giebels, B ^h   Glicenstein, J F ⁿ   Goret, P ⁿ   Hadjichristidis, C ^f   Hauser, D ^a   Hauser, M ^l   Heinzelmann, G ^d   Henri, G ^o   Hermann, G ^a   Hinton, J A ^a,l   Hoffmann, A ^p   Hofmann, W ^a   Holleran, M ^g   Hoppe, S ^a   Horns, D ^p   Jacholkowska, A ^m   De Jager, O C ^g   Kendziorra, E ^p   Kerschhaggl, M ^e   Khelifi B ^a,h   Komin, Nu ^m   Konopelko, A ^e,w   Kosack, K ^a   Lamanna, G ⁱ   Latham, I J ^f   Le Gallou, R ^f   Lemiere A ^j   Lemoine Goumard, M ^h   Lenain, J P ^c   Lohse, T ^e   Martin, J M ^c   Martineau Huynh, O ^q   Marcowith, A ^c   Masterson, C ^a,v   Maurin, G ^j   McComb, T J L ^f   Moulin, E ^m   De Naurois, M ^q   Nedbal, D ^r   Nolan, S J ^f   Noutsos, A ^f   Orford, K J ^f   Osborne, J L ^f   Ouchrif, M ^q,v   Panter, M ^a   Pelletier, G ^o   Pita, S ^j   Puhlhofer G ^l   Punch, M ^j   Ranchon, S ⁱ   Raubenheimer, B C ^g   Raue, M ^d   Rayner, S M ^f   Reimer, A ^s   Ripken, J ^d   Rob, L ^r   Rolland, L ⁿ   Rosier Lees, S ⁱ   Rowell, G ^a   Sahakian, V ^b   Santangelo, A ^p   Sauge L ^o   Schlenker, S ^e   Schlickeiser, R ^s   Schroder R ^s   Schwanke, U ^e   Schwarzburg, S ^p   Schwemmer, S ^l   Shalchi, A ^s   Sol, H ^c   Spangler, D ^f   Spanier, F ^s   Steenkamp, R ^t   Stegmann, C ^u   Superina, G ^h   Tam, P H ^l   Tavernet, J P ^q   Terrier, R ^j   Tluczykont, M ^h,v   Van Eldik, C ^a   Vasileiadis, G ^m   Venter, C ^g   Vialle, J P ⁱ   Vincent, P ^q   Volk H J ^a   Wagner, S J ^l   Ward, M ^f   more..

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR KERNPHYSIK   (Germany)

^b YEREVAN PHYSICS INSTITUTE   (Armenia)

^c CNRS   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^e HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^f DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^g NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^h LABORATOIRE LEPRINCE RINGUET   (France)

ⁱ CENTRE DE CALCUL DE L INSTITUT NATIONAL DE PHYSIQUE NUCLEAIRE ET DE PHYSIQUE DES PARTICULES   (France)

^j UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

^k DUBLIN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES   (Ireland)

^l UNIVERSITÄT HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^m UNIVERSITÉ MONTPELLIER II   (France)

ⁿ CEA SACLAY   (France)

^o STATION DE RADIOASTRONOMIE DE NANÇAY   (France)

^p UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^q UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

^r CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^s RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^t UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA   (Namibia)

^u UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^v European Associated Laboratory for Gamma Ray Astronomy

^w PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONS; JETS;

EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS; WAVE BAND;

GALAXIES;

FLUX MEASUREMENT; GAMMA RAY RADIATION; MONITORING;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; BLACK HOLE; COSMIC RADIATION; GAMMA RADIATION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DETECTION; TERAELECTRON VOLT GAMMA RADIATION; TIME; WAVEFORM;

EID: 33845293441     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1134408     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. F. Macchetto et al., Astrophys. J. 489, 579 (1997).
2. H. L. Marshall et al., Astrophys. J. 564, 683 (2002).
3. G. V. Bicknell, M. C. Begelman, Astrophys. J. 467, 597 (1996).
4. P. L. Biermann et al., Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 87, 417 (2000).
5. R. J. Protheroe et al., Astropart. Phys. 19, 559 (2003).
6. F. Aharonian et al., HEGRA collaboration, Astron. Astrophys. 403, L1 (2003).
7. S. Le Bohec et al., Astrophys. J. 610, 156 (2004).
8. W. Hofmann, Proc. 29th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Pune), 10, 97 (2005).
9. F. Aharonian et al., H.E.S.S. collaboration, Astropart. Phys. 22, 109 (2004).
10. W. Benbow, Proceedings: Towards a Network of Atmospheric Cherenkov Detectors VII (Palaiseau), 163 (2005).
11. M. de Naurois, Proceedings: Towards a Network of Atmospheric Cherenkov Detectors VII (Palaiseau), 149 (2005); http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0607247.
12. Materials and methods are available as supporting online material on Science Online.
13. C. Ma et al., Astronom. J. 116, 516 (1998).
14. M. Beilicke et al., Proc. of TEXAS Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics (Stanford University), Paper #2403 (2004), see http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/ 0504395.
15. C. Pfrommer, T. A. Enßlin, Astron. Astrophys. 407, L73 (2003).
16. -1/2 is the Lorentz factor of the emission region.
17. E. A. Baltz et al., Phys. Rev. D 61, 3514 (2000).
18. L. Stawarz et al., Astrophys. J. 626, 120 (2005).
19. E. S. Perlman, A. S. Wilson, Astrophys. J. 627, 140 (2005).
20. D. E. Harris et al., Astrophys. J. 640, 211 (2006).
21. D. E. Harris et al., Astrophys. J. 586, L41 (2003).
22. L. Stawarz et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 981 (2006).
23. W. Forman et al., Astrophys. J. 635, 894 (2005).
24. M. Georganopoulos et al., Astrophys. J. 634, L33 (2005).
25. A. Reimer et al., Astron. Astrophys. 419, 89 (2004).
26. D. L. Band, J. E. Grindlay, Astrophys. J. 308, 576 (1986).
27. W. Junor, J. A. Biretta, M. Livio, Nature 401, 891 (1999).
28. C. S. Reynolds, T. di Matteo, A. C. Fabian, U. Hwang, C. R. Canizares, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 283, L111 (1996).
29. A. Levinson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 912 (2000).
30. E. Boldt, M. Loewenstein, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 316, 29 (2000).
31. F. A. Aharonian, A. A. Belyanin, E. V. Derishev, V. V. Kocharovsky, Vl. V. Kocharovsky, Phys. Rev. D 66, 023005 (2002).
32. F. N. Owen et al., Proceedings of The Universe at Low Radio Frequencies, ASP Conf Ser., 199 (2000); http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0006152.
33. Provided by D. Harris, private communication.
34. The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the French Ministry for Research, the CNRS-IN2P3, and the Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS, the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Charles University, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, and the University of Namibia. We thank D. Harris for providing the Chandra x-ray light curve of the M87 nucleus.