Human communities in a drying landscape: Holocene climate change and cultural response in the Central Sahara

Landscapes and Societies: Selected Cases

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 67-89

  Cremaschi, Mauro ^a   Zerboni, Andrea ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79954789394     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9413-1_5     Document Type: Chapter

References (61)

1. Alley RRB, Mayewski PA, Sowers T, et al. (1997) Holocene climatic instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200 years ago. Geology 25:483-486
2. Biagetti S, di Lernia S (2003) Vers un modèle ethnographiqueécologique d'une société pastorale préhistorique saharienne. Sahara 14:7-30
3. Biagetti S, di Lernia S (2008) Combining intensive field survey and digital technologies: new data on the Garamantian castles of Wadi Awiss, Acacus Mts., Libyan Sahara. Journal of African Archaeology 6:57-85
4. Brooks N (2006) Cultural responses to aridity in the Middle Holocene and increased social complexity. Quaternary International 151:29-49
5. Brooks N, Chiapello I, di Lernia S, et al. (2005) The climateenvironment- society nexus in the Sahara from prehistoric times to the present day. The Journal of North African Studies 10:253-292
6. Busche D, Erbe W (1987) Silicate karst landforms of the southern Sahara (Northeastern Niger and Southern Libya). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplement 64:55-72
7. Busche D, Hagedorn H (1980) Landform development in warm deserts - The central Sahara example. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplement 36:123-139
8. Carrara C, Cremaschi M, Quinif Y (1998) The travertine deposits in the Tadrart Acacus (Libyan Sahara) nature and age. In: Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (eds) Wadi Teshuinat - Palaeoenvironment and prehistory in south-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara). CNR, Quaderni di Geodinamica Alpina e Quaternaria 7, Roma-Milano, Italy, pp 59-66
9. Cremaschi M (1998) Late Quaternary geological evidence for environmental changes in south-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara). In: Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (eds) Wadi Teshuinat - Palaeoenvironment and prehistory in south-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara). CNR, Quaderni di Geodinamica Alpina e Quaternaria 7, Roma-Milano, Italy, pp 13-47
10. Cremaschi M (2001) Holocene climatic changes in an archaeological landscape: the case study of Wadi Tanezzuft and its drainage basin (SW Fezzan, Libyan Sahara). Libyan Studies 32:3-27
11. Cremaschi M (2002) Late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic changes in the Central Sahara. The case of study of the south-western Fezzan, Libya. In: Hassan FA (ed) Droughts, Food and Culture, Kluver Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp 65-81
12. Cremaschi M (2003) Steps and timing of the desertification during the Late Antiquity. The case study of the Tanezzuft oasis (Libyan Sahara). In: Liverani M (ed) Arid Lands in Roman Times, Arid Zone Archaeology vol 4, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, 2003, pp 1-14
13. Cremaschi M (2005) The Barkat oasis in the changing landscape of the Wadi Tanezzuft during the Holocene, in: Liverani M (ed) Aghram Nadharif. The Barkat oasis (Sha'abiya of Ghat, Libyan Sahara) in Garamantian times. Arid Zone Archaeology vol. 5, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, pp 13-20
14. Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (1996) Climatic changes and human adaptive strategies in the central Saharian massifs: the Tadrart Acacus and Messak Settafet perspective In: Pwiti G, Soper R (eds) Aspects of African Archaeology, Papers from the 10th Congress of the Pan-African Association of Prehistory, Harare, 1995, pp 39-51
15. Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (1998) Wadi Teshuinat - Palaeoenvironment and prehistory in south-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara). Quaderni di Geodinamica Alpina e Quaternaria 7. CNR, Roma-Milano, Italy, 332 pp
16. Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (1999) Holocene climate change and cultural dynamics in the Libyan Sahara. African Archaeological Review 16:211-238
17. Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (2001) Environment and settlements in the Mid-Holocene palaeo-oasis of wadi Tanezzuft (Libyan Sahara). Antiquity 75:815-825
18. Cremaschi M, Pelfini M, Santilli M (2006) Cupressus dupreziana: a dendroclimatic record for middle-late Holocene in the Central Sahara. The Holocene 16:293-303
19. Cremaschi M, Pizzi C, Zerboni A (2005) Evoluzione e scomparsa del sistema delta-lago di Garat Ouda (SW Fezzan, Sahara Libico) tra l'antico e medio Olocene. In: Bondesan A, Fontana A (ed) Riassunti - Convegno Nazionale AIGEO: Montagne e Pianure, Materiali del Dipartimento di Geografia 28, Università di Padova, Italy, pp 82-83
20. Cremaschi M, Pizzi C, Zerboni A (2008) L'arte rupestre del Tadrart Acacus: testimone e vittima dei cambiamenti climatici. In: di Lernia S, Zampetti D (eds) La Memoria dell'Arte. Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, pp 361-369
21. Cremaschi M, Trombino L (1999) Forming processes in the Uan Afuda sequence. Palaeoenvironment and human activities: a micromorphological approach. In: di Lernia S (ed) The Uan Afuda Cave (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Archaeological investigations of late Pleistocene and early Holocene human occupations. Arid Zone Archaeology vol. 1, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, pp 27-38
22. Cremaschi M, Trombino L (2001) The formation processes of the stratigraphic sequence of Uan Tabu and their palaeoenvironmental implications. In: Garcea EAA (ed) Uan Tabu in the settlement history of the Libyan Sahara. Arid Zone Archaeology vol. 2, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, pp 15-23
23. Cremaschi M, Zerboni A, Spötl C, et al. (2010) The calcareous tufa in the Tadrart Acacus Mt. (SW Fezzan, Libya). An early Holocene palaeoclimate archive in the central Sahara. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 287:81-94
24. Dagge J, Hamad O (2008) The long dry spell. Syria Today 43:20-23
25. deMenocal P, Ortiz PJ, Guilderson T, et al. (2000) Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews 19:347-361
26. Desio A (1937) Geologia e Morfologia. In: Regia Società Geografica Italiana (ed) Il Sahara Italiano. Parte I: Fezzan e Oasi di Ghat, Società Italiana Arti Grafiche, Roma, Italy, pp 39-94.
27. Diamond J (2005) Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. Viking Books, New York, 576 pp
28. di Lernia S ed. (1999a) The Uan Afuda Cave (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Hunter-gatherer societies of Central Sahara. Arid Zone Archaeology Monographs 3, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, 272 pp
29. di Lernia S (1999b) Discussing pastoralism. The case of the Acacus and surroundings (Libyan Sahara). Sahara 11: 7-20
30. di Lernia S. (1999c) The cultural sequence. In: di Lernia S (ed) The Uan Afuda Cave (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Hunter-gatherer societies of Central Sahara. Arid Zone Archaeology Monographs 3, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, pp 57-130
31. di Lernia S (2002) Dry climatic events and cultural trajectories: adjusting Middle Holocene pastoral economy of the Libyan Sahara. In: Hassan FA (ed) Droughts, Food and Culture, Kluver Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp 225-250
32. di Lernia S, Mori L, Zerboni A (2008) Geo-Archaeological survey in the Kufra Eni Contract Area (Eastern Sahara, SE Libya). Sahara 19:7-26
33. Fantoli A (1937) Clima In: Regia Società Geografica Italiana (ed), Il Sahara Italiano. Parte I: Fezzan e Oasi di Ghat. Società Italiana Arti Grafiche, Roma, Italy, pp 97-119
34. Galeĉiĉ M (1984) Geological map of Libya, Explanatory booklet, sheet: Anay, NG 32-16, scale 1:250000. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiryah, Tripoli
35. Garcea EAA (2001) Uan Tabu in the settlement history of Libyan Sahara. Arid Zone Archaeology Monographs, 2, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, 256 pp
36. Gasse F (2000) Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the last glacial maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 19:189-211
37. Girod A (2005) New data on Quaternary freshwater and land molluscs in the Sahara. Triton 12:21-30
38. Goudarzi GH (1970) Geology and mineral resources of Libya - a reconnaissance. Geological Survey Professional Paper 660, Washington, 104 pp
39. Hassan FA (1986) Holocene lakes and prehistoric settlements of the Western Fayum, Egypt. Journal of Archaeological Science 13:483-501
40. Helms S, Bettis AVG (1987) The desert "kites" of the Badiyat Esh-Sham and North Arabia. Paléorient 13:41-67
41. Hoelzmann P, Gasse F, Dupont LM, et al. (2004) Palaeoenvironmental changes in the arid and subarid belt (Sahara-Sahel-Arabian Peninsula) from 150 Kyr to present. In: Battarbee RW, Gasse F, Stickley CE (eds) Past Climate Variability Through Europe and Africa, Developments in Palaeoenvironmental Research Series, 6, Springer, Dordrecht, pp 219-256
42. Kalefa El-Gahali MA, (2005) Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of paralic glacial, paraglacial and postglacial Upper Ordovician siliciclastic deposits in the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya. Sedimentary Geology 177:145-173
43. Kröpelin S, Verschuren D, Lézine A-M, et al. (2008) Climate- Driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: The past 6000 years. Science 320:765-768
44. Kuper R, Kröpelin S (2006) Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution. Science 313:803-807
45. Kutzback JE, Liu Z (2007) Response of the African monsoon to orbital forcing and ocean feedbacks in the Middle Holocene. Science 278:440-443
46. Liverani M (2004) Rediscovering the Garamantes: archaeology and history. Libyan Studies 35:191-200
47. Liverani M (2005) Aghram Nadharif. The Barkat Oasis. (Sha'abiya of Ghat, Libyan Sahara) in Garamantian Times. Arid Zone Archaeology Monographs 5, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, 520 pp
48. Martini M, Sibillia E, Zelaschi C, et al. (1998) TL and OSL dating of fossil dune sand in the Uan Afuda and Uan Tabu rockshelters, Tadrart Acacus (Libyan Sahara). In: Cremaschi M, di Lernia S (eds) Wadi Teshuinat - Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara). CNR, Quaderni di Geodinamica Alpina e Quaternaria 7, Roma- Milano, pp 107-122.
49. Mattingly DJ (2003) The archaeology of Fazzan. Volume 1, synthesis. The Society for Libyan Studies, London, 522 pp
50. Mayewski PA, Rohling EE, Stager JC, et al. (2004) Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research 62:243-255
51. Mercuri AM (2008) Human influence, plant landscape evolution and climate inferences from the archaeobotanical records of the Wadi Teshuinat area (Libyan Sahara). Journal of Arid Environments 72:1950-1967
52. Mercuri AM, Trevisan Grandi G, Bosi G, et al. (2005) The archaeobotanical remains (pollen, seeds/fruits, and charcoal). In: Liverani M (ed), Aghram Nadharif. The Barkat oasis (Sha'abiya of Ghat, Libyan Sahara) in Garamantian times. Arid Zone Archaeology, vol. 5, Edizioni All'Insegna del Giglio, Firenze, Italy, pp 335-348
53. Pachur H-J (1992) Tethering stones as palaeoenvironmental indicators. Sahara 4:13-32
54. Pasa A, Pasa Durante MV (1962) Analisi paleoclimatiche nel deposito di Uan Muhuggiag, nel massiccio del Tadrart Acacus (Fezzan Meridionale). Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 10:251-255
55. Perego A, Cremaschi M, Zerboni A (2007) Il telerilevamento nella ricostruzione della paleoidrografia olocenica in zone aride. Il caso di studio di Wadi Tanezzuft, Libia SO. Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 4:97-99
56. Rognon P (1989) Biographie d'un Desert. Plon, Paris, 347 pp
57. Ruddiman WF (2003) The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 61:261-293
58. Walther H, Lieth H (1960) Klimadiagramm. Weltatlas. G. Fisher, Jena
59. Wendorf F, Karlen W, Schild R (2007) Middle Holocene environments of north and east Africa, with special emphasis on the African Sahara. In: Anderson DG, Maasch KA, Sandweiss DH (eds) Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics, Academic Press, London, pp. 189-227
60. Zerboni A (2006) Cambiamenti climatici olocenici nel Sahara centrale: nuovi archivi paleoambientali. Ph.D. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, 232 pp
61. Zerboni A (2008) Holocene rock varnish on the Messak plateau (Libyan Sahara): Chronology of weathering processes. Geomorphology 102:640-651