Atypical Spitzoid melanocytic tumors: A morphological, mutational, and FISH analysis

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Volumn 64, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 919-935

  Massi, Daniela ^a   Cesinaro, Anna Maria ^b   Tomasini, Carlo ^c   Paglierani, Milena ^a   Bettelli, Stefania ^b   Dal Maso, Luigino ^d   Simi, Lisa ^a   Salvianti, Francesca ^a   Pinzani, Pamela ^a   Orlando, Claudio ^a   De Giorgi, Vincenzo ^a   Lukic, Silvana ^d   Maiorana, Antonio ^b   Santucci, Marco ^a   Canzonieri, Vincenzo ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^d CENTRO DI RIFERIMENTO ONCOLOGICO   (Italy)

Author keywords

atypical Spitz nevus; atypical Spitzoid tumor; BRAFV600E; fluorescence in situ hybridization; H RAS; mutation; sentinel lymph node; Spitzoid melanoma

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; KI 67 ANTIGEN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL SPITZOID TUMOR; CANCER MORTALITY; CELL MATURATION; CHILD; CHROMOSOME MUTATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTYPE; DISEASE COURSE; EPIDERMIS HYPERPLASIA; EXON; FEMALE; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE MUTATION; GENE SEQUENCE; HUMAN; INFANT; INFLAMMATION; JUVENILE MELANOMA; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MALE; MICROMETASTASIS; MITOSIS; MITOSIS RATE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NECROSIS; ONCOGENE H RAS; PLASMA CELL; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SKIN DEFECT; ULCER; VISCERAL METASTASIS; WORINGER KOLOPP DISEASE;

ACETIC ACID; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERMOSCOPY; ETHANOL; ETHER, ETHYL; FEMALE; FORMALDEHYDE; GENES, RAS; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION, FLUORESCENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEVUS, EPITHELIOID AND SPINDLE CELL; PROGNOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS B-RAF; SKIN NEOPLASMS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79954604136     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.05.043     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. R.L. Barnhill The Spitzoid lesion: rethinking Spitz tumors, atypical variants, 'Spitzoid melanoma' and risk assessment Mod Pathol 19 Suppl 2006 S21 S33
2. L. Cerroni Spitzoid tumors: a matter of perspective? Am J Dermatopathol 26 2004 1 3 (Pubitemid 38116536)
3. J.E. Dahlstrom, R.A. Scolyer, J.F. Thompson, and S. Jain Spitz nevus: diagnostic problems and their management implications Pathology 36 2004 452 457 (Pubitemid 39273989)
4. J.M. Mones, and A.B. Ackerman "Atypical" Spitz's nevus, "malignant" Spitz's nevus, and "metastasizing" Spitz's nevus: a critique in historical perspective of three concepts flawed fatally Am J Dermatopathol 26 2004 310 313
5. N. Walsh, K. Crotty, A. Palmer, and S. McCarthy Spitz nevus versus Spitzoid malignant melanoma: an evaluation of the current distinguishing histopathologic criteria Hum Pathol 29 1998 1105 1112 (Pubitemid 28467531)
6. R.L. Barnhill, Z.B. Argenyi, L. From, L.F. Glass, J.C. Maize, and M.C. Mihm Jr. Atypical Spitz nevi/tumors: lack of consensus for diagnosis, discrimination from melanoma, and prediction of outcome Hum Pathol 30 1999 513 520 (Pubitemid 29218042)
7. L. Cerroni, and H. Kerl Tutorial on melanocytic lesions Am J Dermatopathol 23 2001 237 241 (Pubitemid 32525418)
8. L. Cerroni, R. Barnhill, D. Elder, G. Gottlieb, P. Heenan, and H. Kutzner Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential: results of a tutorial held at the XXIX symposium of the International Society of Dermatopathology in Graz, October 2008 Am J Surg Pathol 34 2010 314 326
9. A. Spatz, E. Calonje, S. Handfield-Jones, and R.L. Barnhill Spitz tumors in children: a grading system for risk stratification Arch Dermatol 135 1999 282 285 (Pubitemid 29159210)
10. R. Bergman, A. Shemer, R. Levy, R. Friedman-Birnbaum, H. Trau, and C. Lichtig Immunohistochemical study of p53 protein expression in Spitz nevus as compared with other melanocytic lesions Am J Dermatopathol 17 1995 547 550 (Pubitemid 26010178)
11. P.D. Da Forno, A. Fletcher, J.H. Pringle, and G.S. Saldanha Understanding Spitzoid tumors: new insights from molecular pathology Br J Dermatol 158 2008 4 14 (Pubitemid 350221887)
12. D.R. Fullen, J.N. Poynter, L. Lowe, L.D. Su, J.T. Elder, and R.P. Nair BRAF and NRAS mutations in Spitzoid melanocytic lesions Mod Pathol 19 2006 1324 1332 (Pubitemid 44423079)
13. J.D. Harvell, B.C. Bastian, and P.E. LeBoit Persistent (recurrent) Spitz nevi: a histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular pathologic study of 22 cases Am J Surg Pathol 26 2002 654 661 (Pubitemid 34438726)
14. L. Kanter-Lewensohn, M.A. Hedblad, J. Wejde, and O. Larsson Immunohistochemical markers for distinguishing Spitz nevi from malignant melanomas Mod Pathol 10 1997 917 920 (Pubitemid 27431966)
15. P. Kapur, M.A. Selim, L.C. Roy, M. Yegappan, A.G. Weinberg, and M.P. Hoang Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz nevi/tumors: a histologic and immunohistochemical analysis Mod Pathol 18 2005 197 204 (Pubitemid 40188626)
16. D.A. Lee, J.A. Cohen, W.S. Twaddell, G. Palacios, M. Gill, and E. Levit Are all melanomas the same? Spitzoid melanoma is a distinct subtype of melanoma Cancer 106 2006 907 913 (Pubitemid 43238459)
17. L.X. Li, K.A. Crotty, S.W. McCarthy, A.A. Palmer, and J.J. Kril A zonal comparison of MIB1-Ki67 immunoreactivity in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions Am J Dermatopathol 22 2000 489 495 (Pubitemid 32054841)
18. A. Ribe, and N.S. McNutt S100A6 protein expression is different in Spitz nevi and melanomas Mod Pathol 16 2003 505 511 (Pubitemid 36618471)
19. M. Takata, J. Lin, S. Takayanagi, T. Suzuki, S. Ansai, and T. Kimura Genetic and epigenetic alterations in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and Spitzoid lesion Br J Dermatol 156 2007 1287 1294 (Pubitemid 47029852)
20. M.C. van Dijk, M.R. Bernsen, and D.J. Ruiter Analysis of mutations in B-RAF, N-RAS, and H-RAS genes in the differential diagnosis of Spitz nevus and Spitzoid melanoma Am J Surg Pathol 29 2005 1145 1151 (Pubitemid 41232985)
21. B.C. Bastian, P.E. LeBoit, H. Hamm, E.B. Bröcker, and D. Pinkel Chromosomal gains and losses in primary cutaneous melanomas detected by comparative genomic hybridization Cancer Res 58 1998 2170 2175 (Pubitemid 28232904)
22. B.C. Bastian, U. Wesselmann, D. Pinkel, and P.E. LeBoit Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Spitz nevi shows clear differences to melanoma J Invest Dermatol 113 1999 1065 1069 (Pubitemid 30013354)
23. B.C. Bastian, P.E. LeBoit, and D. Pinkel Mutations and copy number increase of HRAS in Spitz nevi with distinctive histopathological features Am J Pathol 157 2000 967 972 (Pubitemid 32109388)
24. B.C. Bastian, A.B. Olshen, P.E. LeBoit, and D. Pinkel Classifying melanocytic tumors based on DNA copy number changes Am J Pathol 163 2003 1765 1770 (Pubitemid 37310008)
25. J. Bauer, and B.C. Bastian Distinguishing melanocytic nevi from melanoma by DNA copy number changes: comparative genomic hybridization as a research and diagnostic tool Dermatol Ther 19 2006 40 49
26. P. Gerami, S. Jewell, L. Morrison, B. Blondin, J. Schulz, and T. Ruffalo Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as an ancillary tool in the diagnosis of melanoma Am J Surg Pathol 33 2009 1146 1156
27. M.D. Newman, T. Lertsburapa, M. Mirzabeigi, M. Mafee, J. Guitart, and P. Gerami Fluorescence in situ hybridization as a tool for microstaging in malignant melanoma Mod Pathol 22 2009 989 995
28. M. Hantschke, B.C. Bastian, and P.E. LeBoit Consumption of the epidermis: a diagnostic criterion for the differential diagnosis of melanoma and Spitz nevus Am J Surg Pathol 28 2004 1621 1625 (Pubitemid 39564968)
29. P.D. Da Forno, J.H. Pringle, A. Fletcher, M. Bamford, L. Su, and L. Potter BRAF, NRAS and HRAS mutations in Spitzoid tumors and their possible pathogenetic significance Br J Dermatol 161 2009 364 372
30. R. Murali, R.N. Sharma, J.F. Thompson, J.R. Stretch, C.S. Lee, and S.W. McCarthy Sentinel lymph node biopsy in histologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors with Spitzoid features (so-called atypical Spitzoid tumors) Ann Surg Oncol 15 2008 302 309
31. C.M. Lohmann, D.G. Coit, M.S. Brady, M. Berwick, and K.J. Busam Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with diagnostically controversial Spitzoid melanocytic tumors Am J Surg Pathol 26 2002 47 55 (Pubitemid 34019991)
32. L.D. Su, D.R. Fullen, V.K. Sondak, T.M. Johnson, and L. Lowe Sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with problematic Spitzoid melanocytic lesions: a report on 18 patients Cancer 97 2003 499 507 (Pubitemid 36133818)
33. C. Urso, L. Borgognoni, C. Saieva, G. Ferrara, G. Tinacci, and B. Begliomini Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with "atypical Spitz tumors": a report on 12 cases Hum Pathol 37 2006 816 823 (Pubitemid 43902939)
34. R. Bergman, L. Malkin, E. Sabo, and H. Kerner MIB-1 monoclonal antibody to determine proliferative activity of Ki-67 antigen as an adjunct to the histopathologic differential diagnosis of Spitz nevi J Am Acad Dermatol 44 2001 500 504 (Pubitemid 32199972)
35. L.X. Li, R.A. Scolyer, V.S. Ka, J.G. McKinnon, H.M. Shaw, and S.W. McCarthy Pathologic review of negative sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients with regional recurrence: a clinicopathologic study of 1152 patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy Am J Surg Pathol 27 2003 1197 1202 (Pubitemid 37040581)
36. T. Nagasaka, R. Lai, L.J. Medeiros, R.K. Brynes, A. McCourty, and T. Harada Cyclin D1 overexpression in Spitz nevi: an immunohistochemical study Am J Dermatopathol 21 1999 115 120 (Pubitemid 29162868)
37. S.W. Kelley, and C.J. Cockerell Sentinel lymph node biopsy as an adjunct to management of histologically difficult to diagnose melanocytic lesions: a proposal J Am Acad Dermatol 42 2000 527 530 (Pubitemid 30470370)
38. T.C. Gamblin, H. Edington, J.M. Kirkwood, and U.N. Rao Sentinel lymph node biopsy for atypical melanocytic lesions with Spitzoid features Ann Surg Oncol 13 2006 1664 1670 (Pubitemid 44951475)
39. G.J. McArthur, M.E. Banwell, M.G. Cook, and B.W. Powell The role of sentinel node biopsy in the management of melanocytic lesions of uncertain malignant potential (MUMP) J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60 2007 952 954 (Pubitemid 46995784)
40. P.E. LeBoit What do these cells prove? Am J Dermatopathol 25 2003 355 356
41. M.R. Wick Melanocytic lesions with features of Spitz nevus Hum Pathol 37 2006 779 780 (Pubitemid 43902957)
42. M.W. Ludgate, D.R. Fullen, J. Lee, L. Lowe, C. Bradford, and J. Geiger The atypical Spitz tumor of uncertain biologic potential: a series of 67 patients from a single institution Cancer 115 2009 631 641
43. J.B. Roaten, D.A. Partrick, N. Pearlman, R.J. Gonzalez, R. Gonzalez, and M.D. McCarter Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma and other melanocytic tumors in adolescents J Pediatr Surg 40 2005 232 235 (Pubitemid 40143564)
44. K.J. Smith, T.L. Barrett, H.G. Skelton III, G.P. Lupton, and J.H. Graham Spindle cell and epithelioid cell nevi with atypia and metastasis (malignant Spitz nevus) Am J Surg Pathol 13 1989 931 939 (Pubitemid 19258503)
45. K.J. Busam, R. Murali, M. Pulitzer, S.W. McCarthy, J.F. Thompson, and H.M. Shaw Atypical Spitzoid melanocytic tumors with positive lymph nodes in children and teenagers, and comparison with histologically unambiguous and lethal melanomas Am J Surg Pathol 33 2009 1386 1395
46. LeBoit PE. Spitz's nevus. Companion meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology. Annual Meeting of United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP), Denver, CO, March 2, 2008. Available online at: http://www.uscap.org.
47. A.K. Isaac, T. Lertsburapa, J. Pathria Mundi, M. Martini, J. Guitart, and P. Gerami Polyploidy in Spitz nevi: a not uncommon karyotypic abnormality identifiable by fluorescence in situ hybridization Am J Dermatopathol 32 2010 144 148