Gender differences in locomotor and stereotypic behavior associated with l-carnitine treatment in mice

Gender Medicine

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-13

  Benvenga, Salvatore ^a,b   Itri, Elenora ^a   Hauser, Peter ^c,d,e   De Tolla, Louis ^f   Yu, Sui Foh ^f   Testa, Giuseppe ^g   Pappalardo, Maria Angela ^a   Trimarchi, Francesco ^a   Amato, Antonino ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d Medical Center   (United States)

^e OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

gender differences; l carnitine; locomotor activity; stereotypic activity

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; PLACEBO;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPONSE TIME; SEX DIFFERENCE; STEREOTYPY;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CARNITINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MICE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; SEX FACTORS; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR;

EID: 79954555327     PISSN: 15508579     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2011.02.003     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. G. Famularo, F. Matricardi, and E. Nucera Carnitine deficiency: primary and secondary syndromes C. De Simone, G. Famularo, Carnitine Today 1997 RG Landes Company Austin, TX 119 161
2. H. Nol, R. Parvin, and S.V. Pande Gamma-butyrobetaine in tissues and serum of fed and starved rats determined by an enzymic radioisotopic procedure Biochem J 220 1984 701 706 (Pubitemid 14121369)
3. A.M. Lamhonwah, C.E. Hawkins, and C. Tam Expression patterns of the organic cation/carnitine transporter family in adult murine brain Brain Dev 30 2008 31 42 (Pubitemid 350296742)
4. I. Tamai, R. Ohashi, and J.I. Nezu Molecular and functional characterization of organic cation/carnitine transporter family in mice J Biol Chem 275 2000 40064 40072 (Pubitemid 32064631)
5. Y. Alnouti, J.S. Petrick, and C.D. Klaassen Tissue distribution and ontogeny of organic cation transporters in mice Drug Metab Dis.p 34 2006 477 482 (Pubitemid 43290907)
6. A. Amphoux, V. Vialou, and E. Drescher Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain Neuropharmacology 50 2006 941 952 (Pubitemid 43810126)
7. M. Inazu, H. Takeda, and K. Maehara Functional expression of the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 in rat astrocytes J Neurochem 97 2006 424 434
8. M. Calvani, A. Carta, and N. Caruso Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease Ann NY Acad Sci 663 1992 483 486 (Pubitemid 23090585)
9. P.A. Juliet, D. Balasubramaniam, and N. Balasubramaniam Carnitine: A neuromodulator in aged rats J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58 2003 970 974 (Pubitemid 37467292)
10. P. Tolu, F. Masi, and B. Leggio Effects of long-term administration of acetyl-L-carnitine administration in rats: I Increased dopamine output in mesocortical areas and protection toward acute stress exposure Neuropsychopharmacology 27 2002 410 420 (Pubitemid 35253788)
11. M.A. Virmani, R. Conti, and A. Spadoni Inhibition of L-carnitine uptake into rat cell cultures by GABA and GABA uptake blockers Pharmacol Res 31 1995 211 215
12. R. Hannuniemi, and P. Kontro L-carnitine uptake by mouse brain synaptosomal preparations: Competitive inhibition by GABA Neurochem Res 13 1998 317 323
13. P.J. Rani, and C. Panneerselvam Effect of L-carnitine on brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in old rats J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57 2002 B134 B137
14. G. Traina, S. Valleggi, and R. Bernardi Identification of differentially expressed genes induced in the rat brain by acetyl-L-carnitine as evidenced by suppression subtractive hybridisation Brain Res Mol Brain Res 132 2004 57 63 (Pubitemid 39531352)
15. G. Traina, R. Bernardi, and M. Rizzo Acetyl-L-carnitine up-regulates expression of voltage-dependent anion channel in the rat brain Neurochem Int 48 2006 673 678 (Pubitemid 44389610)
16. J. Liu, E. Head, and H. Kuratsune Comparison of the effects of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on carnitine levels, ambulatory activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain of old rats Ann NY Acad Sci 1033 2004 117 131 (Pubitemid 39656744)
17. O. Ghirardi, S. Milano, and M.T. Ramacci Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine chronic treatment on discrimination models in aged rats Physiol Behav 44 1988 769 773 (Pubitemid 19037742)
18. J.W. Pettegrew, J. Levine, and R.J. McClure Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic and therapeutic properties: Relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression Mol Psychiatry 5 2000 616 632
19. R. Bella, R. Bondi, and R. Raffaele Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on geriatric patients suffering from dysthmic disorders Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 10 1990 355 360
20. K. Koshibu, P. Levitt, and E.T. Ahrens Sex-specific, postpuberty changes in mouse brain structures revealed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy Neuroimage 22 2004 1636 1645 (Pubitemid 38962652)
21. K. Koshibu, E.T. Ahrens, and P. Levitt Postpubertal sex differentiation of forebrain structures and function depend on transforming growth factor-α J Neurosci 25 2005 3870 3880 (Pubitemid 40570420)
22. S. Spring, J.P. Lerch, and R.M. Henkelman Sexual dimorphism revealed in the structure of the mouse brain using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimage 35 2007 1424 1433 (Pubitemid 46561367)
23. H.F. Carrer, and M.J. Cambiasso Sexual differentiation of the brain: Genes, estrogen, and neurotropic factors Cell Mol Neurobiol 22 2002 479 500 (Pubitemid 36169205)
24. J.A. Chowen, I. Azcoitia, G.P. Cardona-Gomez, and L.M. Garcia-Segura Sex steroids and the brain: Lessons from animal studies J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13 2000 1045 1066
25. R.H. Fitch, and V.H. Denenberg A role for ovarian hormones in sexual differentiation of the brain Behav Brain Sci 21 1998 311 327 discussion 327352
26. B.S. McEwen Estrogens effects on the brain: Multiple sites and molecular mechanisms J Appl Physiol 91 2001 2785 2801 (Pubitemid 33108046)
27. J. Engele, C. Pilgrim, and I. Reisert Sexual differentiation of mesencephalic neurons in vitro: Effects of sex and gonadal hormones Int J Dev Neurosc 7 1989 603 611 (Pubitemid 20061402)
28. V.L. Blanki Lateralization of functions in the animal brain Int J Neurosci 15 1981 37 47
29. D. Afonso, C. Santana, and M. Rodriguez Neonatal lateralization of behavior and brain dopaminergic asymmetry Brain Res Bull 32 1993 11 16 (Pubitemid 23160574)
30. G.S. Dawe, and A.K. Ratty The chakragati mouse: A mouse model for rapid in vivo screening of antipsychotic drug candidates Biotechnol J 2 2007 1344 1352 (Pubitemid 350162255)
31. L.W. Fitzgerald, A.K. Ratty, and M. Teitler Specificity of behavioral and neurochemical dysfunction in the chakragati mouse: A novel genetic model of a movement disorder Brain Res 608 1993 247 258 (Pubitemid 23111943)
32. P.R. Borum Variation in tissue carnitine concentrations with age and sex in the rat Biochem. J 176 1978 677 681 (Pubitemid 9090448)
33. P.R. Borum Regulation of the carnitine concentration in plasma R.A. Frenkel, J.D. McGarry, Carnitine Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Functions 1980 Academic Press New York 115 126
34. I. Weinstein, G.A. Cook, and M. Heimberg Regulation by oestrogen of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in hepatic mitochondria Biochem J 237 1986 593 596 (Pubitemid 16043719)
35. M. Guzmn, A. Saborido, and J. Castro Treatment with anabolic steroids increases the activity of the mitochondrial outer carnitine palmitoyltransferase in rat liver and fast-twitch muscle Biochem Pharmacol 41 1991 833 835
36. E.N. Lavrentyev, S.G. Matta, and G.A. Cook Expression of three carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I isoforms in 10 regions of the rat brain during feeding, fasting, and diabetes Biochem Biophys Res Commun 315 2004 174 178 (Pubitemid 38175202)
37. A. Arduini, N. Denisova, and A. Virmani Evidence for the involvement of carnitine-dependent long-chain acyltransferases in neuronal triglyceride and phospholipid fatty acid turnover J Neurochem 62 1994 1530 1538 (Pubitemid 24098106)
38. C. Blzquez, C. Snchez, G. Velasco, and M. Guzmn Role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in the control of ketogenesis in primary cultures of rat astrocytes J Neurochem 71 1998 1597 1606 (Pubitemid 28443032)
39. L.M. Garcia-Segura, J.A. Chowen, and M. Dueas Gonadal steroids and astroglial plasticity Cell Mol Neurobiol 16 1996 225 237 (Pubitemid 126707061)
40. A. Parducz, J. Perez, and L.M. Garcia-Segura Estradiol induces plasticity of gabaergic synapses in the hypothalamus Neuroscience 53 1993 395 401 (Pubitemid 23101323)
41. S. Alesci, M.U. De Martino, and M. Mirani L-carnitine: A nutritional modulator of glucocorticoid receptor functions FASEB J 17 2003 1553 1555
42. S. Benvenga, M. Lakshmanan, and F. Trimarchi Carnitine is a naturally occurring inhibitor of thyroid hormone nuclear uptake Thyroid 10 2000 1043 1050 (Pubitemid 32095072)
43. S. Benvenga, R.M. Ruggeri, and A. Russo Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 2001 3579 3594 (Pubitemid 32755947)
44. S. Benvenga, A. Amato, M. Calvani, and F. Trimarchi Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action Ann N Y Acad Sci 1033 2004 158 167 (Pubitemid 39656748)