Invasive and non-invasive methods for the assessment of fibrosis and disease progression in chronic liver disease

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 291-303

  Castera, Laurent ^a  

^a BEAUJON HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

Fibroscan; Liver biopsy; Liver fibrosis; Liver stiffness; Non invasive; Serum markers; Transient elastography

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; HYALURONIC ACID; PROTHROMBIN;

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ASPARTATE TO PLATELET RATIO INDEX; BARD SCORE; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; ECHOGRAPHY; ELASTOGRAPHY; ENHANCED LIVER FIBROSIS SCORE; EUROPEAN LIVER FIBROSIS SCORE; EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT OBSTRUCTION; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FIBROINDEX; FIBROSIS PROBABILITY INDEX; FORNS INDEX; GILBERT DISEASE; GLYCOCIRRHOTEST; GOLD STANDARD; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUI SCORE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INVASIVE PROCEDURE; LIVER BIOPSY; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LOK INDEX; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; NAFLD FIBROSIS SCORE; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; PATIENT MONITORING; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY; ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER; ZENG SCORE;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BIOPSY; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ELASTICITY IMAGING TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS;

EID: 79954528875     PISSN: 15216918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.003     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. A.A. Bravo, S.G. Sheth, and S. Chopra Liver biopsy N Engl J Med 344 7 2001 495 500 (Pubitemid 32164902)
2. L. Castera, and M. Pinzani Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis: are we ready? Lancet 375 9724 2010 1419 1420
3. P. Bedossa, and F. Carrat Liver biopsy: the best, not the gold standard J Hepatol 50 1 2009 1 3
4. R.G. Knodell, K.G. Ishak, W.C. Black, T.S. Chen, R. Craig, and N. Kaplowitz Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis Hepatology 1 5 1981 431 435 (Pubitemid 12218164)
5. K. Ishak, A. Baptista, L. Bianchi, F. Callea, J. De Groote, and F. Gudat Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis J Hepatol 22 6 1995 696 699
6. P. Bedossa, and T. Poynard An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. The METAVIR cooperative study group Hepatology 24 1996 289 293 (Pubitemid 26260021)
7. E.M. Brunt, C.G. Janney, A.M. Di Bisceglie, B.A. Neuschwander-Tetri, and B.R. Bacon Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions Am J Gastroenterol 94 9 1999 2467 2474 (Pubitemid 29420675)
8. D.E. Kleiner, E.M. Brunt, M. Van Natta, C. Behling, M.J. Contos, and O.W. Cummings Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatology 41 6 2005 1313 1321 (Pubitemid 40770284)
9. European Association For The Study Of The Liver EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B J Hepatol 50 2 2009 227 242
10. M.G. Ghany, D.B. Strader, D.L. Thomas, and L.B. Seeff Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update Hepatology 49 4 2009 1335 1374
11. P. Bedossa, R. Moucari, E. Chelbi, T. Asselah, V. Paradis, and M. Vidaud Evidence for a role of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in hepatitis C: a prospective study Hepatology 46 2 2007 380 387 (Pubitemid 47344772)
12. L. Castera, I. Negre, K. Samii, and C. Buffet Pain experienced during percutaneous liver biopsy Hepatology 30 6 1999 1529 1530
13. J.F. Cadranel, P. Rufat, and F. Degos Practices of liver biopsy in France: results of a prospective nationwide survey. For the group of epidemiology of the French Association for the study of the liver (AFEF) Hepatology 32 3 2000 477 481
14. L. Castera, I. Negre, K. Samii, and C. Buffet Patient-administered nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation provides safe and effective analgesia for percutaneous liver biopsy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial Am J Gastroenterol 96 5 2001 1553 1557 (Pubitemid 32455089)
15. F. Piccinino, E. Sagnelli, G. Pasquale, and G. Giusti Complications following percutaneous liver biopsy. A multicentre retrospective study on 68,276 biopsies J Hepatol 2 2 1986 165 173 (Pubitemid 16125908)
16. P. Bedossa, D. Dargre, and V. Paradis Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 38 2003 1449 1457 (Pubitemid 37466971)
17. A. Regev, M. Berho, L.J. Jeffers, C. Milikowski, E.G. Molina, and N.T. Pyrsopoulos Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection Am J Gastroenterol 97 10 2002 2614 2618
18. G. Colloredo, M. Guido, A. Sonzogni, and G. Leandro Impact of liver biopsy size on histological evaluation of chronic viral hepatitis: the smaller the sample, the milder the disease J Hepatol 39 2 2003 239 244 (Pubitemid 36920560)
19. B. Maharaj, R.J. Maharaj, W.P. Leary, R.M. Cooppan, A.D. Naran, and D. Pirie Sampling variability and its influence on the diagnostic yield of percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver Lancet 1 8480 1986 523 525 (Pubitemid 16138427)
20. M.C. Rousselet, S. Michalak, F. Dupre, A. Croue, P. Bedossa, and J.P. Saint-Andre Sources of variability in histological scoring of chronic viral hepatitis Hepatology 41 2 2005 257 264 (Pubitemid 40165369)
21. L. Castera, and P. Bedossa How to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: serum markers or transient elastography vs. Liver Biopsy? Liver Int 31 Suppl. 1 2011 13 17
22. S.H. Mehta, B. Lau, N.H. Afdhal, and D.L. Thomas Exceeding the limits of liver histology markers J Hepatol 50 1 2009 36 41
23. T. Poynard, P. Halfon, L. Castera, F. Charlotte, B. Le Bail, and M. Munteanu Variability of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in the diagnostic evaluation of liver fibrosis markers: impact of biopsy length and fragmentation Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25 6 2007 733 739
24. T. Poynard, P. Halfon, L. Castera, M. Munteanu, F. Imbert-Bismut, and V. Ratziu Standardization of ROC curve areas for diagnostic evaluation of liver fibrosis markers based on prevalences of fibrosis stages Clin Chem 53 9 2007 1615 1622 (Pubitemid 47340057)
25. J. Lambert, P. Halfon, G. Penaranda, P. Bedossa, P. Cacoub, and F. Carrat How to measure the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive liver fibrosis indices: the area under the ROC curve revisited Clin Chem 54 8 2008 1372 1378
26. N.A. Obuchowski An ROC-type measure of diagnostic accuracy when the gold standard is continuous-scale Stat Med 25 3 2006 481 493 (Pubitemid 43174543)
27. L. Castera Assessing liver fibrosis Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 4 2008 541 552
28. M. Pinzani, F. Vizzutti, U. Arena, and F. Marra Technology insight: noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by biochemical scores and elastography Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 2 2008 95 106 (Pubitemid 351234279)
29. C. Lackner, G. Struber, B. Liegl, S. Leibl, P. Ofner, and C. Bankuti Comparison and validation of simple noninvasive tests for prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 41 6 2005 1376 1382 (Pubitemid 40770291)
30. F. Imbert-Bismut, V. Ratziu, L. Pieroni, F. Charlotte, Y. Benhamou, and T. Poynard Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study Lancet 357 9262 2001 1069 1075 (Pubitemid 32322537)
31. X. Forns, S. Ampurdanes, J.M. Llovet, J. Aponte, L. Quinto, and E. Martinez-Bauer Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model Hepatology 36 4 Pt 1 2002 986 992
32. C.T. Wai, J.K. Greenson, R.J. Fontana, J.D. Kalbfleisch, J.A. Marrero, and H.S. Conjeevaram A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 38 2 2003 518 526 (Pubitemid 36919874)
33. K. Patel, S.C. Gordon, I. Jacobson, C. Hezode, E. Oh, and K.M. Smith Evaluation of a panel of non-invasive serum markers to differentiate mild from moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients J Hepatol 41 6 2004 935 942 (Pubitemid 39575660)
34. V. Leroy, F. Monier, S. Bottari, C. Trocme, N. Sturm, and M.N. Hilleret Circulating matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as serum markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: comparison with PIIINP and hyaluronic acid Am J Gastroenterol 99 2 2004 271 279 (Pubitemid 38279869)
35. N. Callewaert, H. Van Vlierberghe, A. Van Hecke, W. Laroy, J. Delanghe, and R. Contreras Noninvasive diagnosis of liver cirrhosis using DNA sequencer-based total serum protein glycomics Nat Med 10 4 2004 429 434 (Pubitemid 38508524)
36. W.M. Rosenberg, M. Voelker, R. Thiel, M. Becka, A. Burt, and D. Schuppan Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study Gastroenterology 127 6 2004 1704 1713 (Pubitemid 39575849)
37. A. Sud, J.M. Hui, G.C. Farrell, P. Bandara, J.G. Kench, and C. Fung Improved prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C using measures of insulin resistance in a probability index Hepatology 39 5 2004 1239 1247 (Pubitemid 38569045)
38. A.S. Lok, M.G. Ghany, Z.D. Goodman, E.C. Wright, G.T. Everson, and R.K. Sterling Predicting cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C based on standard laboratory tests: results of the HALT-C cohort Hepatology 42 2 2005 282 292 (Pubitemid 41061080)
39. S. Islam, L. Antonsson, J. Westin, and M. Lagging Cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus-infected patients can be excluded using an index of standard biochemical serum markers Scand J Gastroenterol 40 7 2005 867 872 (Pubitemid 40978865)
40. L.A. Adams, M. Bulsara, E. Rossi, B. DeBoer, D. Speers, and J. George Hepascore: an accurate validated predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection Clin Chem 51 10 2005 1867 1873 (Pubitemid 41368177)
41. P. Cales, F. Oberti, S. Michalak, I. Hubert-Fouchard, M.C. Rousselet, and A. Konate A novel panel of blood markers to assess the degree of liver fibrosis Hepatology 42 6 2005 1373 1381 (Pubitemid 43260040)
42. R.J. Fontana, D.E. Kleiner, R. Bilonick, N. Terrault, N. Afdhal, and S.H. Belle Modeling hepatic fibrosis in African American and Caucasian American patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Hepatology 44 4 2006 925 935 (Pubitemid 46489557)
43. M. Koda, Y. Matunaga, M. Kawakami, Y. Kishimoto, T. Suou, and Y. Murawaki FibroIndex, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 45 2 2007 297 306 (Pubitemid 46374586)
44. A. Vallet-Pichard, V. Mallet, B. Nalpas, V. Verkarre, A. Nalpas, and V. Dhalluin-Venier FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest Hepatology 46 1 2007 32 36 (Pubitemid 47171918)
45. R.J. Fontana, Z.D. Goodman, J.L. Dienstag, H.L. Bonkovsky, D. Naishadham, and R.K. Sterling Relationship of serum fibrosis markers with liver fibrosis stage and collagen content in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 47 3 2008 789 798 (Pubitemid 351449670)
46. A.Y. Hui, H.L. Chan, V.W. Wong, C.T. Liew, A.M. Chim, and F.K. Chan Identification of chronic hepatitis B patients without significant liver fibrosis by a simple noninvasive predictive model Am J Gastroenterol 100 3 2005 616 623 (Pubitemid 40487561)
47. M.D. Zeng, L.G. Lu, Y.M. Mao, D.K. Qiu, J.Q. Li, and M.B. Wan Prediction of significant fibrosis in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B by a noninvasive model Hepatology 42 6 2005 1437 1445
48. P. Angulo, J.M. Hui, G. Marchesini, E. Bugianesi, J. George, and G.C. Farrell The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD Hepatology 45 4 2007 846 854 (Pubitemid 46631552)
49. S.A. Harrison, D. Oliver, H.L. Arnold, S. Gogia, and B.A. Neuschwander-Tetri Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease Gut 57 10 2008 1441 1447
50. T. Poynard, R. Morra, P. Halfon, L. Castera, V. Ratziu, and F. Imbert Bismut Meta-analyses of Fibrotest diagnostic value in chronic liver disease BMC Gastroenterol 7 1 2007 40
51. A.A. Shaheen, and R.P. Myers Diagnostic accuracy of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review Hepatology 46 3 2007 912 921 (Pubitemid 47436137)
52. J. Parkes, I.N. Guha, P. Roderick, and W. Rosenberg Performance of serum marker panels for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 44 3 2006 462 474 (Pubitemid 43227870)
53. P. Halfon, Y. Bacq, A. De Muret, G. Penaranda, M. Bourliere, and D. Ouzan Comparison of test performance profile for blood tests of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 46 3 2007 395 402 (Pubitemid 46201720)
54. V. Leroy, M.N. Hilleret, N. Sturm, C. Trocme, J.C. Renversez, and P. Faure Prospective comparison of six non-invasive scores for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 46 5 2007 775 782 (Pubitemid 46529041)
55. P. Cales, V. de Ledinghen, P. Halfon, Y. Bacq, V. Leroy, and J. Boursier Evaluating the accuracy and increasing the reliable diagnosis rate of blood tests for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Liver Int 28 10 2008 1352 1362
56. F. Degos, P. Perez, B. Roche, A. Mahmoudi, J. Asselineau, and H. Voitot Diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan and comparison to liver fibrosis biomarkers in chronic viral hepatitis: a multicenter prospective study (the FIBROSTIC study) J Hepatol 53 6 2010 1013 1021
57. I.N. Guha, J. Parkes, P. Roderick, D. Chattopadhyay, R. Cross, and S. Harris Noninvasive markers of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: validating the European Liver Fibrosis Panel and exploring simple markers Hepatology 47 2 2008 455 460 (Pubitemid 351280713)
58. P. Cales, F. Laine, J. Boursier, Y. Deugnier, V. Moal, and F. Oberti Comparison of blood tests for liver fibrosis specific or not to NAFLD J Hepatol 50 1 2009 165 173
59. A.G. Shah, A. Lydecker, K. Murray, B.N. Tetri, M.J. Contos, and A.J. Sanyal Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7 10 2009 1104 1112
60. S. McPherson, S.F. Stewart, E. Henderson, A.D. Burt, and C.P. Day Simple non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Gut 59 9 2010 1265 1269
61. J.R. Fraser, and P.R. Gibson Mechanisms by which food intake elevates circulating levels of hyaluronan in humans J Intern Med 258 5 2005 460 466 (Pubitemid 41546562)
62. A. Piton, T. Poynard, F. Imbert-Bismut, L. Khalil, J. Delattre, and E. Pelissier Factors associated with serum alanine transaminase activity in healthy subjects: consequences for the definition of normal values, for selection of blood donors, and for patients with chronic hepatitis C. MULTIVIRC Group Hepatology 27 5 1998 1213 1219 (Pubitemid 28227846)
63. F. Imbert-Bismut, D. Messous, V. Thibaut, R.B. Myers, A. Piton, and D. Thabut Intra-laboratory analytical variability of biochemical markers of fibrosis (Fibrotest) and activity (Actitest) and reference ranges in healthy blood donors Clin Chem Lab Med 42 3 2004 323 333 (Pubitemid 38477529)
64. P. Cales, P. Veillon, A. Konate, E. Mathieu, C. Ternisien, and A. Chevailler Reproducibility of blood tests of liver fibrosis in clinical practice Clin Biochem 41 1-2 2008 10 18 (Pubitemid 350216822)
65. T. Poynard, M. Munteanu, F. Imbert-Bismut, F. Charlotte, D. Thabut, and S. Le Calvez Prospective analysis of discordant results between biochemical markers and biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C Clin Chem 10 2004 10
66. L. Sandrin, B. Fourquet, J.M. Hasquenoph, S. Yon, C. Fournier, and F. Mal Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis Ultrasound Med Biol 29 12 2003 1705 1713 (Pubitemid 38091720)
67. L. Castera, X. Forns, and A. Alberti Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elastography J Hepatol 48 5 2008 835 847
68. D. Roulot, S. Czernichow, H. Le Clesiau, J.L. Costes, A.C. Vergnaud, and M. Beaugrand Liver stiffness values in apparently healthy subjects: influence of gender and metabolic syndrome J Hepatol 48 4 2008 606 613
69. M. Fraquelli, C. Rigamonti, G. Casazza, D. Conte, M.F. Donato, and G. Ronchi Reproducibility of transient elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease Gut 56 7 2007 968 973 (Pubitemid 46999083)
70. J. Boursier, A. Konate, M. Guilluy, G. Gorea, A. Sawadogo, and E. Quemener Learning curve and interobserver reproducibility evaluation of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 7 2008 693 701
71. M. Ziol, A. Handra-Luca, A. Kettaneh, C. Christidis, F. Mal, and F. Kazemi Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 41 1 2005 48 54 (Pubitemid 40066382)
72. L. Castera, J. Vergniol, J. Foucher, B. Le Bail, E. Chanteloup, and M. Haaser Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Gastroenterology 128 2 2005 343 350 (Pubitemid 40439195)
73. U. Arena, F. Vizzutti, J.G. Abraldes, G. Corti, C. Stasi, and S. Moscarella Reliability of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Gut 57 9 2008 1288 1293
74. M. Lupsor, R. Badea, H. Stefanescu, M. Grigorescu, Z. Sparchez, and A. Serban Analysis of histopathological changes that influence liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis C. Results from a cohort of 324 patients J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 17 2 2008 155 163 (Pubitemid 351930761)
75. E. Gomez-Dominguez, J. Mendoza, S. Rubio, J.A. Moreno-Monteagudo, L. Garcia-Buey, and R. Moreno-Otero Transient elastography: a valid alternative to biopsy in patients with chronic liver disease Aliment Pharmacol Ther 24 3 2006 513 518 (Pubitemid 44051327)
76. N. Ganne-Carrie, M. Ziol, V. de Ledinghen, C. Douvin, P. Marcellin, and L. Castera Accuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver diseases Hepatology 44 6 2006 1511 1517 (Pubitemid 44953656)
77. J. Foucher, E. Chanteloup, J. Vergniol, L. Castera, B. Le Bail, and X. Adhoute Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a prospective study Gut 55 3 2006 403 408 (Pubitemid 43268281)
78. B. Coco, F. Oliveri, A.M. Maina, P. Ciccorossi, R. Sacco, and P. Colombatto Transient elastography: a new surrogate marker of liver fibrosis influenced by major changes of transaminases J Viral Hepat 14 5 2007 360 369 (Pubitemid 46587854)
79. H.L. Chan, G.L. Wong, P.C. Choi, A.W. Chan, A.M. Chim, and K.K. Yiu Alanine aminotransferase-based algorithms of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (Fibroscan) for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B J Viral Hepat 16 1 2009 36 44
80. P. Marcellin, M. Ziol, P. Bedossa, C. Douvin, R. Poupon, and V. de Ledinghen Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B Liver Int 29 2 2009 242 247
81. C. Corpechot, A. El Naggar, A. Poujol-Robert, M. Ziol, D. Wendum, and O. Chazouilleres Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC Hepatology 43 5 2006 1118 1124 (Pubitemid 43724636)
82. M. Yoneda, M. Yoneda, H. Mawatari, K. Fujita, H. Endo, and H. Iida Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Dig Liver Dis 40 5 2008 371 378
83. V. Nobili, F. Vizzutti, U. Arena, J.G. Abraldes, F. Marra, and A. Pietrobattista Accuracy and reproducibility of transient elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 2 2008 442 448
84. V.W. Wong, J. Vergniol, G.L. Wong, J. Foucher, H.L. Chan, and B. Le Bail Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatology 51 2 2010 454 462
85. P. Nahon, A. Kettaneh, I. Tengher-Barna, M. Ziol, V. de Ledinghen, and C. Douvin Assessment of liver fibrosis using transient elastography in patients with alcoholic liver disease J Hepatol 49 6 2008 1062 1068
86. E. Nguyen-Khac, D. Chatelain, B. Tramier, C. Decrombecque, B. Robert, and J.P. Joly Assessment of asymptomatic liver fibrosis in alcoholic patients using fibroscan: prospective comparison with 7 non-invasive laboratory tests Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28 2008 1188 1198
87. J.A. Carrion, M. Navasa, J. Bosch, M. Bruguera, R. Gilabert, and X. Forns Transient elastography for diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension in patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 12 12 2006 1791 1798 (Pubitemid 44911805)
88. C. Rigamonti, M.F. Donato, M. Fraquelli, F. Agnelli, G. Ronchi, and G. Casazza Transient elastography predicts fibrosis progression in patients with recurrent hepatitis c after liver transplantation Gut 57 2008 821 827 (Pubitemid 351716978)
89. A.A. Shaheen, A.F. Wan, and R.P. Myers FibroTest and FibroScan for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy Am J Gastroenterol 102 11 2007 2589 2600 (Pubitemid 47631778)
90. J.A. Talwalkar, D.M. Kurtz, S.J. Schoenleber, C.P. West, and V.M. Montori Ultrasound-Based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 10 2007 1214 1220 (Pubitemid 47488974)
91. M. Friedrich-Rust, M.F. Ong, S. Martens, C. Sarrazin, J. Bojunga, and S. Zeuzem Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis Gastroenterology 134 4 2008 960 974
92. L. Castera, J. Foucher, P.H. Bernard, F. Carvalho, D. Allaix, and W. Merrouche Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13,369 examinations Hepatology 51 3 2010 828 835
93. M. Friedrich-Rust, H. Hadji-Hosseini, S. Kriener, E. Herrmann, I. Sircar, and A. Kau Transient elastography with a new probe for obese patients for non-invasive staging of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Eur Radiol 20 10 2010 2390 2396
94. A. Sagir, A. Erhardt, M. Schmitt, and D. Haussinger Transient elastography is unreliable for detection of cirrhosis in patients with acute liver damage Hepatology 47 2 2007 592 595
95. U. Arena, F. Vizzutti, G. Corti, S. Ambu, C. Stasi, and S. Bresci Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography Hepatology 47 2 2008 380 384 (Pubitemid 351280705)
96. G. Millonig, F.M. Reimann, S. Friedrich, H. Fonouni, A. Mehrabi, and M.W. Buchler Extrahepatic cholestasis increases liver stiffness (FibroScan) irrespective of fibrosis Hepatology 48 5 2008 1718 1723
97. G. Millonig, S. Friedrich, S. Adolf, H. Fonouni, M. Golriz, and A. Mehrabi Liver stiffness is directly influenced by central venous pressure J Hepatol 52 2 2010 206 210
98. Non invasive methods for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis: an update 2008 www.has-sante.fr
99. F. Oliveri, B. Coco, P. Ciccorossi, P. Colombatto, V. Romagnoli, and B. Cherubini Liver stiffness in the hepatitis B virus carrier: a non-invasive marker of liver disease influenced by the pattern of transaminases World J Gastroenterol 14 40 2008 6154 6162
100. S. Maimone, V. Calvaruso, M. Pleguezuelo, G. Squadrito, G. Amaddeo, and M. Jacobs An evaluation of transient elastography in the discrimination of HBeAg-negative disease from inactive hepatitis B carriers J Viral Hepat 16 11 2009 769 774
101. L. Castera, P.H. Bernard, B. Le Bail, J. Foucher, P. Trimoulet, and W. Merrouche Transient elastography and biomarkers for liver fibrosis assessment and follow-up of inactive hepatitis B carriers Aliment Pharmacol Ther 33 4 2011 455 465
102. L. Castera, B. Le Bail, F. Roudot-Thoraval, P.H. Bernard, J. Foucher, and W. Merrouche Early detection in routine clinical practice of cirrhosis and oesophageal varices in chronic hepatitis C: comparison of transient elastography (FibroScan) with standard laboratory tests and non-invasive scores J Hepatol 50 1 2009 59 68
103. T. Poynard, P. Ingiliz, L. Elkrief, M. Munteanu, P. Lebray, and R. Morra Concordance in a world without a gold standard: a new non-invasive methodology for improving accuracy of fibrosis markers PLoS ONE 3 12 2008 e3857
104. J. Boursier, J. Vergniol, A. Sawadogo, T. Dakka, S. Michalak, and Y. Gallois The combination of a blood test and Fibroscan improves the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis Liver Int 29 10 2009 1507 1515
105. G. Sebastiani, A. Vario, M. Guido, F. Noventa, M. Plebani, and R. Pistis Stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive markers to diagnose significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 44 4 2006 686 693
106. G. Sebastiani, P. Halfon, L. Castera, S. Pol, D.L. Thomas, and A. Mangia SAFE biopsy: a validated method for large-scale staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 49 6 2009 1821 1827
107. M. Bourliere, G. Penaranda, C. Renou, D. Botta-Fridlund, A. Tran, and I. Portal Validation and comparison of indexes for fibrosis and cirrhosis prediction in chronic hepatitis C patients: proposal for a pragmatic approach classification without liver biopsies J Viral Hepat 13 10 2006 659 670 (Pubitemid 44401194)
108. M. Bourliere, G. Penaranda, D. Ouzan, C. Renou, D. Botta-Fridlund, and A. Tran Optimized stepwise combination algorithms of non-invasive liver fibrosis scores including Hepascore in hepatitis C virus patients Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28 4 2008 458 467 (Pubitemid 352033276)
109. L. Castera, G. Sebastiani, B. Le Bail, V. de Ledinghen, P. Couzigou, and A. Alberti Prospective comparison of two algorithms combining non-invasive methods for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C J Hepatol 52 2 2010 191 198
110. F. Vizzutti, U. Arena, R.G. Romanelli, L. Rega, M. Foschi, and S. Colagrande Liver stiffness measurement predicts severe portal hypertension in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis Hepatology 45 5 2007 1290 1297 (Pubitemid 46775793)
111. C. Bureau, S. Metivier, J.M. Peron, J. Selves, M.A. Robic, and P.A. Gourraud Transient elastography accurately predicts presence of significant portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease Aliment Pharmacol Ther 27 12 2008 1261 1268 (Pubitemid 351697282)
112. M. Lemoine, S. Katsahian, M. Ziol, P. Nahon, N. Ganne-Carrie, and F. Kazemi Liver stiffness measurement as a predictive tool of clinically significant portal hypertension in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus or alcohol-related cirrhosis Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28 9 2008 1102 1110
113. C. Ripoll, R. Groszmann, G. Garcia-Tsao, N. Grace, A. Burroughs, and R. Planas Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis Gastroenterology 133 2 2007 481 488 (Pubitemid 47187350)
114. F. Kazemi, A. Kettaneh, G. N'Kontchou, E. Pinto, N. Ganne-Carrie, and J.C. Trinchet Liver stiffness measurement selects patients with cirrhosis at risk of bearing large oesophageal varices J Hepatol 45 2 2006 230 235
115. B.K. Kim, K.H. Han, J.Y. Park, S.H. Ahn, J.K. Kim, and Y.H. Paik A liver stiffness measurement-based, noninvasive prediction model for high-risk esophageal varices in B-viral liver cirrhosis Am J Gastroenterol 105 6 2010 1382 1390
116. L. Castera Elastography in the non-invasive evaluation of the extent of fibrosis and in the diagnosis of portal hypertension Franchis Rd, Portal Hypertension V: Proceedings of the Fifth Baveno International Consensus Workshop Wiley-Blackwell 2010 2010 18 27
117. J.A. Carrion, F. Torres, G. Crespo, R. Miquel, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas, and M. Navasa Liver stiffness identifies two different patterns of fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation Hepatology 51 1 2010 23 34
118. R. Masuzaki, R. Tateishi, H. Yoshida, E. Goto, T. Sato, and T. Ohki Prospective risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis C by transient elastography Hepatology 49 6 2009 1954 1961
119. S. Naveau, B. Raynard, V. Ratziu, A. Abella, F. Imbert-Bismut, and D. Messous Biomarkers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3 2 2005 167 174 (Pubitemid 40220312)
120. Y. Ngo, M. Munteanu, D. Messous, F. Charlotte, F. Imbert-Bismut, and D. Thabut A prospective analysis of the prognostic value of biomarkers (FibroTest) in patients with chronic hepatitis C Clin Chem 52 10 2006 1887 1896 (Pubitemid 44470696)
121. M.J. Mayo, J. Parkes, B. Adams-Huet, B. Combes, A.S. Mills, and R.S. Markin Prediction of clinical outcomes in primary biliary cirrhosis by serum enhanced liver fibrosis assay Hepatology 48 5 2008 1549 1557
122. J. Parkes, P. Roderick, S. Harris, C. Day, D. Mutimer, and J. Collier Enhanced liver fibrosis test can predict clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease Gut 59 9 2010 1245 1251
123. D. Nunes, C. Fleming, G. Offner, D. Craven, O. Fix, and T. Heeren Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis are highly predictive of liver-related death in a cohort of HCV-infected individuals with and without HIV infection Am J Gastroenterol 105 6 2010 1346 1353
124. C. Hézode, L. Castéra, F. Roudot-Thoraval, I. Rosa, D. Roulot, and V. Leroy Prospective evaluation of liver stiffness dynamics during and after peginterferon alpha-ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (abstract) J Hepatol 50 Suppl.1 2009 S226
125. E. Ogawa, N. Furusyo, K. Toyoda, H. Takeoka, S. Maeda, and J. Hayashi The longitudinal quantitative assessment by transient elastography of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin Antiviral Res 83 2 2009 127 134
126. J. Vergniol, J. Foucher, L. Castera, P.H. Bernard, R. Tournan, and E. Terrebonne Changes of non-invasive markers and FibroScan values during HCV treatment J Viral Hepat 16 2 2009 132 140
127. T. Poynard, J. McHutchison, M. Manns, R.P. Myers, and J. Albrecht Biochemical surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and activity in a randomized trial of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin Hepatology 38 2 2003 481 492 (Pubitemid 36919870)
128. T. Poynard, M. Munteanu, M. Colombo, J. Bruix, E. Schiff, and R. Terg FibroTest is an independent predictor of virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients retreated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in the EPIC(3) program J Hepatol 54 2 2011 227 235
129. L. Castera, J. Denis, G. Babany, and F. Roudot-Thoraval Evolving practices of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C in France: time for new guidelines? J Hepatol 46 3 2007 528 529 (Pubitemid 46201725)
130. G. Sebastiani, and A. Alberti Non invasive fibrosis biomarkers reduce but not substitute the need for liver biopsy World J Gastroenterol 12 23 2006 3682 3694 (Pubitemid 43950946)
131. L. Castera, and M. Pinzani Biopsy and non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis: does it take two to tango? Gut 59 7 2010 861 866