Disparities in ADHD assessment, diagnosis, and treatment

International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 383-389

  Morley, Christopher P ^a,b  

^a SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Family Medicine ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders; Health status disparities; Primary health care

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH DISPARITY; HUMAN; INTEGRATED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; MALE; NOTE; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; URBAN POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, INTEGRATED; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MALE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; URBAN POPULATION; WISCONSIN;

EID: 79954500288     PISSN: 00912174     EISSN: 15413527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2190/PM.40.4.b     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Faraone SV. The scientific foundation for understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a valid psychiatric disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2005;14(1):1-10.
2. Bernfort L, Nordfeldt S, Persson J. ADHD from a socio-economic perspective. Acta Paediatrica 2008;97(2):239-245.
3. Pelham WE, Foster EM, Robb JA. The economic impact of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007;32(6):711-727.
4. Froehlich TE, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN, Barbaresi WJ, Katusic SK, Kahn RS. Prevalence, recognition, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of US children. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2007;161(9):857-864.
5. Bailey RK, Ali S, Jabeen S, Akpudo H, Avenido JU, Bailey T, Lyons J, Whitehead AA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in African American youth. Current Psychiatry Report 2010;12(5):396-402.
6. Morley CP. The effects of patient characteristics on ADHD diagnosis and treatment: A factorial study of family physicians. BMC Family Practice 2010; 11(1):11.
7. Cohen EF, Morley CP. Children, ADHD, and citizenship. Journal of Medical Philosophy 2009;34(2):155-180.
8. Miller TW, Nigg JT, Miller RL. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in African American children: What can be concluded from the past ten years? Clinical Psychology Review 2009;29(1):77-86.
9. Visser SN, Lesesne CA. Mental health in the United States: Prevalence of diagnosis and medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - United States, 2003. Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR Weekly) 2005;54(34):842-847.
10. Stevens J, Harman JS, Kelleher KJ. Race/ethnicity and insurance status as factors associated with ADHD treatment patterns. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2005;15(1):88-96.
11. Baumgardner DJ, Schreiber AL, Havlena JA, Bridgewater FD, Steber DL, Lemke MA. Geographic analysis of diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: Eastern WI, USA. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 2010;40:363-382.
12. Nigg JT, Nikolas M, Mark Knottnerus G, Cavanagh K, Friderici K. Confirmation and extension of association of blood lead with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHDsymptom domains at population-typical exposure levels. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2010;51(1):58-65.
13. Nigg JT. ADHD, lead exposure and prevention: How much lead or how much evidence is needed? Expert Review of Neurotherapy 2008;8(4):519-521.
14. Sax L, Kautz KJ. Who first suggests the diagnosis of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder? Annals of Family Medicine 2003;1(3):171-174.
15. Chatfield J, American Academy of Pediatrics. AAP guideline on treatment of children with ADHD. American Academy of Pediatrics. American Family Physician 2002; 65(4):726, 728.
16. Stein MT, Perrin JM. Diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in school-age children in primary care settings: A synopsis of the AAP Practice Guidelines. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatric Review 2003;24(3):92-98.
17. American Academy of Pediatrics. Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and Committee on Quality Improvement: Clinical practice guideline: Treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2001;108(4):1033-1044.
18. Herrerias CT, Perrin JM, Stein MT. The child with ADHD: Using the AAP Clinical Practice Guideline. American Academy of Pediatrics. American Family Physician 2001;63(9):1803-1810.
19. Leslie LK, Stallone KA, Weckerly J, McDaniel AL, Monn A. Implementing ADHD guidelines in primary care: Does one size fit all? Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2006;17(2):302-327.
20. Leslie LK, Weckerly J, Plemmons D, Landsverk J, Eastman S. Implementing the American Academy of Pediatrics attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnostic guidelines in primary care settings. Pediatrics 2004;114(1):129-140.
21. Chan E, Hopkins MR, Perrin JM, Herrerias C, Homer CJ. Diagnostic practices for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A national survey of primary care physicians. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2005;5(4):201-208.
22. Daly ME, Rasmussen NH, Agerter DC, Cha SS. Assessment and diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by family physicians. Minnesota Medicine 2006;89(3):40-43.
23. Evink B, Crouse BJ, Elliott BA. Diagnosing childhood attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Do family practitioners and pediatricians make the same call? Minnesota Medicine 2000;83(6):57-62.
24. Gardner W, Kelleher KJ, Pajer KA, Campo JV. Primary care clinicians' use of standardized tools to assess child psychosocial problems. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2003;3(4):191-195.
25. Lanham JS. The evaluation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in family medicine residency programs. Southern Medical Journal 2006;99(8):802-805.
26. Miller AR, Johnston C, Klassen AF, Fine S, Papsdorf M. Family physicians' involvement and self-reported comfort and skill in care of children with behavioral and emotional problems: A population-based survey. BMC Family Practice 2005; 6(1):12.
27. Fremont WP, Nastasi R, Newman N, Roizen NJ. Comfort level of pediatricians and family medicine physicians diagnosing and treating child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 2008;38(2):153-168.
28. Schmitz MF, Velez M. Latino cultural differences in maternal assessments of attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in children. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2003;25(1):110-122.
29. Garland AF, Lau AS, Yeh M, McCabe KM, Hough RL, Landsverk JA. Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high-risk youths. American Journal of Psychiatry 2005;162(7):1336-1343.
30. Arcia E, Fernandez MC, Jaquez M. Latina mothers' stances on stimulant medication: Complexity, conflict, and compromise. Journal of Deviant Behavior in Pediatrics 2004;25(5):311-317.
31. Perry CE, Hatton D, Kendall J. Latino parents' accounts of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 2005;16(4):312-321.
32. Groenewald C, Emond A, Sayal K. Recognition and referral of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Case vignette study. Child Care Health Development 2009;35(6):707-772.
33. Lowe J, Pomerantz AM, Pettibone JC. The influence of payment method on psychologists' diagnostic decisions: Expanding the range of presenting problems. Ethics Behavior 2007;17(1):83-93.
34. Staller JA. Service delivery in child psychiatry: Provider shortage isn't the only problem. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2008;13(1):171-178.
35. Brown JD, Wissow LS. Screening to identify mental health problems in pediatric primary care: Considerations for practice. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 2010;40(1):1-19.
36. Staller JA. Psychiatric nurse practitioners in rural pediatric telepsychiatry. Psychiatric Services 2006;57(1):138.