Variability in muscle dysmorphia symptoms: The influence of weight training

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 846-851

  Thomas, Liam S ^a   Tod, David A ^a   Lavallee, David E ^a  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Body image disturbance; Psychology; Strength training

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SKELETAL MUSCLE; WEIGHT LIFTING;

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDERS; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; QUESTIONNAIRES; WEIGHT LIFTING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79953868369     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c70c17     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Andersen, MB. Coming full circle: From practice to research. In: Sport Psychology in Practice. Andersen, MB, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005. pp. 287-298.
2. Baghurst, T and Lirgg, C. Characteristics of muscle dysmorphia in male football, weight training, and competitive natural and non-natural bodybuilding samples. Body Image 6:221-227, 2009.
3. Blond, A. Impacts of exposure to images of ideal bodies on male body dissatisfaction: A review. Body Image 5:244-250, 2008.
4. Cafri, G, Olivardia, R, and Thompson, JK. Symptom characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity among males with muscle dysmorphia. Compr Psychiat 49:374-379, 2008.
5. Cafri, G, van den Berg, P, and Thompson, JK. Pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys: Relations among biopsychosocial variables and clinical outcomes. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 35:283-291, 2006. (Pubitemid 43723184)
6. Epitropaki, O and Martin, R. The moderating role of individual differences in the relation between transformational/transactional leadership perceptions and organizational identification. Leadership Quart 16:569-589, 2005. (Pubitemid 41150234)
7. Field, A. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2009.
8. Grieve, FG, Jackson, L, Reece, T, Marklin, L, and Delaney, A. Correlates of social physique anxiety in men. J Sport Behav 31:329-337, 2008.
9. Hildebrandt, T, Langenbucher, J, and Schlundt, DG. Muscularity concerns among men: Development of attitudinal and perceptual measures. Body Image 1:169-181, 2004. (Pubitemid 40105869)
10. Hildebrandt, T, Schlundt, D, Langenbucher, J, and Chung, T. Presence of muscle dysmorphia symptomology among male weightlifters. Compr Psychiat 47:127-135, 2006. (Pubitemid 43259418)
11. Kuennen, MR and Waldron, JJ. Relationships between specific personality traits, fat free mass indices, and the muscle dysmorphia inventory. J Sport Behav 30:453-470, 2007.
12. Lantz, CD, Rhea, DJ, and Cornelius, AE. Muscle dysmorphia in elite-level power lifters and bodybuilders: A test of differences within a conceptual model. J Strength Cond Res 16:649-655, 2002.
13. Leit, RA, Gray, JJ, and Pope, HG Jr. The media's representation of the ideal male body: A cause for muscle dysmorphia? Int J Eat Disord 31:334-338, 2002. (Pubitemid 34260731)
14. Leone, JE, Sedory, EJ, and Gray, KA. Recognition and treatment of muscle dysmorphia and related body image disorders. J Athl Training 40:352-359, 2005. (Pubitemid 43119531)
15. Maida, DM and Armstrong, SL. The classification of muscle dysmorphia. Int J Men's Health 4:73-91, 2005.
16. Mayville, SB, Williamson, DA, White, MA, Netemeyer, RG, and Drab, DL. Development of the muscle appearance satisfaction scale: A self-report measure for the assessment of muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Assessment 9:351-360, 2002.
17. Melnyk, SE, Cash, TF, and Janda, LH. Body image ups and downs: Prediction of intra-individual level and variability of women's daily body image experiences. Body Image 1:225-235, 2004. (Pubitemid 40105799)
18. Muller, SM, Dennis, DL, Schneider, SR, and Joyner, RL. Muscle dysmorphia among selected male college athletes: An examination of the Lantz, Rhea, and Mayhew model. Int Sports J 8:119-125, 2004.
19. Olivardia, R, Pope, HG Jr, and Hudson, JI. Muscle dysmorphia in male weightlifters: A case-control study. Am J Psychiat 157:1291-1296, 2000. (Pubitemid 30659813)
20. Pope, CG, Pope, HG, Menard, W, Fay, C, Olivardia, R, and Phillips, KA. Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image 2:395-400, 2005. (Pubitemid 43024715)
21. Pope, HG Jr, Gruber, AJ, Choi, P, Olivardia, R, and Phillips, KA. Muscle dysmorphia: An underrecognized form of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics 38:548-557, 1997. (Pubitemid 27528338)
22. Pope, HG Jr, Phillips, KA, and Olivardia, R. The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession. New York: The Free Press, 2000.
23. Rhea, DJ, Lantz, CD, and Cornelius, AE. Development of the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). J Sports Med Physic Fit 44:428-435, 2004. (Pubitemid 41309941)
24. Rohman, L. The relationship between anabolic androgenic steroids and muscle dysmorphia: A review. Eat Disord 17:187-199, 2009.
25. Rudiger, JA, Cash, TF, Roehrig, M, and Thompson, JK. Day-to-day body-image states: Prospective predictors of intra-individual level and variability. Body Image 4:1-9, 2007.
26. Smith, D and Hale, B. Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale. Br J Sports Med 38:177-181, 2004. (Pubitemid 38446208)
27. Tharion, WJ, Harman, EA, Kraemer, WJ, and Rauch, TM. Effects of different weight training routines on mood states. J Strength Cond Res 5:60-65, 1991.
28. Vealey, RS. Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. J Sport Psychol 8:221-246, 1986.
29. Wolke, D and Sapouna, M. Big men feeling small: Childhood bullying experience, muscle dysmorphia and other mental health problems in bodybuilders. Psychol Sport Exerc 9:595-604, 2008.