메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 506-518

Habitat selection of breeding riparian birds in an urban environment: Untangling the relative importance of biophysical elements and spatial scale

Author keywords

Birds; Conservation biogeography; Habitat selection; Heterogeneity; Landscape; Spatial scale; Urban

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIRD; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; GRASS; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT SELECTION; HETEROGENEITY; LANDSCAPE; METROPOLITAN AREA; NATIVE SPECIES; NUMERICAL MODEL; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; RIPARIAN ZONE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SURVEY; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT; URBANIZATION; VEGETATION COVER; VEGETATION STRUCTURE;

EID: 79953767725     PISSN: 13669516     EISSN: 14724642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00750.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 79953803123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Rivers () America's most endangered and threatened rivers. Available at: (accessed 11 November 2002).
    • American Rivers (1997) America's most endangered and threatened rivers. Available at: (accessed 11 November 2002).
    • (1997)
  • 2
    • 33646593158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent habitat use of acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) in central Ohio
    • Bakermans, M.H. & Rodewald, A.D. (2006) Scale-dependent habitat use of acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) in central Ohio. Auk, 123, 368-382.
    • (2006) Auk , vol.123 , pp. 368-382
    • Bakermans, M.H.1    Rodewald, A.D.2
  • 3
  • 4
    • 0002753808 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection by the western kingbird in western Nebraska: a hierarchical analysis
    • Bergin, T. (1992) Habitat selection by the western kingbird in western Nebraska: a hierarchical analysis. The Condor, 94, 903-911.
    • (1992) The Condor , vol.94 , pp. 903-911
    • Bergin, T.1
  • 5
    • 0000517181 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting nesting success in riparian bird communities
    • Best, L.B. & Stauffer, D.F. (1980) Factors affecting nesting success in riparian bird communities. The Condor, 82, 149-158.
    • (1980) The Condor , vol.82 , pp. 149-158
    • Best, L.B.1    Stauffer, D.F.2
  • 7
    • 0033082051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birds and butterflies along an urban gradient: surrogate taxa for assessing biodiversity?
    • Blair, R.B. (1999) Birds and butterflies along an urban gradient: surrogate taxa for assessing biodiversity? Ecological Applications, 9, 164-170.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 164-170
    • Blair, R.B.1
  • 8
    • 4243075400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of urban sprawl on birds at multiple levels of biological organization
    • Blair, R.B. (2004) The effects of urban sprawl on birds at multiple levels of biological organization. Ecology and Society, 9, 2.
    • (2004) Ecology and Society , vol.9 , pp. 2
    • Blair, R.B.1
  • 9
    • 11144338243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest predation in an urbanizing landscape: the role of exotic shrubs
    • Borgmann, K.L. & Rodewald, A.D. (2004) Nest predation in an urbanizing landscape: the role of exotic shrubs. Ecological Applications, 14, 1757-1765.
    • (2004) Ecological Applications , vol.14 , pp. 1757-1765
    • Borgmann, K.L.1    Rodewald, A.D.2
  • 10
    • 33646238252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of scale on interpreting life-history characteristics of ungulates and carnivores
    • Bowyer, R. & Kie, J. (2006) Effects of scale on interpreting life-history characteristics of ungulates and carnivores. Diversity and Distributions, 12, 244-257.
    • (2006) Diversity and Distributions , vol.12 , pp. 244-257
    • Bowyer, R.1    Kie, J.2
  • 11
    • 0348226465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale and heterogeneity in habitat selection by elk in Yellowstone National Park
    • Boyce, M., Mao, J., Merrill, E., Fortin, D., Turner, M., Fryxell, J. & Turchin, P. (2003) Scale and heterogeneity in habitat selection by elk in Yellowstone National Park. EcoScience, 10, 421-431.
    • (2003) EcoScience , vol.10 , pp. 421-431
    • Boyce, M.1    Mao, J.2    Merrill, E.3    Fortin, D.4    Turner, M.5    Fryxell, J.6    Turchin, P.7
  • 12
    • 38749131604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of urbanization on riparian forest diversity and structure in the Georgia Piedmont, US
    • Burton, M.L. & Samuelson, L.J. (2007) Influence of urbanization on riparian forest diversity and structure in the Georgia Piedmont, US. Plant Ecology, 195, 99-115.
    • (2007) Plant Ecology , vol.195 , pp. 99-115
    • Burton, M.L.1    Samuelson, L.J.2
  • 13
    • 33847679462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity in urban ecosystems: reconceptualizing land cover and a framework for classification
    • Cadenasso, M.L., Pickett, S.T.A. & Schwarz, K. (2007) Spatial heterogeneity in urban ecosystems: reconceptualizing land cover and a framework for classification. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 80-88.
    • (2007) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.5 , pp. 80-88
    • Cadenasso, M.L.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2    Schwarz, K.3
  • 14
  • 15
    • 33746007793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions
    • Cunningham, M.A. & Johnson, D.H. (2006) Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions. Ecological Applications, 16, 1062-1075.
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , pp. 1062-1075
    • Cunningham, M.A.1    Johnson, D.H.2
  • 16
    • 0033927860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic associations among causes of species endangerment in the United States
    • Czech, B., Krausman, P.R. & Devers, P.K. (2000) Economic associations among causes of species endangerment in the United States. BioScience, 50, 593-601.
    • (2000) BioScience , vol.50 , pp. 593-601
    • Czech, B.1    Krausman, P.R.2    Devers, P.K.3
  • 18
    • 2542447347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of reserve size and landscape context to urban bird conservation
    • Donnelly, R. & Marzluff, J.M. (2004) Importance of reserve size and landscape context to urban bird conservation. Conservation Biology, 18, 733-745.
    • (2004) Conservation Biology , vol.18 , pp. 733-745
    • Donnelly, R.1    Marzluff, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 33744543270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of habitat quantity, structure, and spatial pattern to birds in urbanizing environments
    • Donnelly, R. & Marzluff, J.M. (2006) Relative importance of habitat quantity, structure, and spatial pattern to birds in urbanizing environments. Urban Ecosystems, 9, 99-117.
    • (2006) Urban Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 99-117
    • Donnelly, R.1    Marzluff, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 26244443526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix matters: effects of surrounding land uses on forest birds near Ottawa, Canada
    • Dunford, W. & Freemark, K. (2005) Matrix matters: effects of surrounding land uses on forest birds near Ottawa, Canada. Landscape Ecology, 20, 497-511.
    • (2005) Landscape Ecology , vol.20 , pp. 497-511
    • Dunford, W.1    Freemark, K.2
  • 22
    • 46249124528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning the multi-scale effects of human activity on the occurrence of riparian forest birds
    • Fletcher, R. & Hutto, R. (2008) Partitioning the multi-scale effects of human activity on the occurrence of riparian forest birds. Landscape Ecology, 23, 727-739.
    • (2008) Landscape Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 727-739
    • Fletcher, R.1    Hutto, R.2
  • 25
    • 0028995633 scopus 로고
    • Effects of residential development on forest-dwelling neotropical migrant songbirds
    • Friesen, L.E., Eagles, P.F.J. & Mackay, R.J. (1995) Effects of residential development on forest-dwelling neotropical migrant songbirds. Conservation Biology, 9, 1408-1414.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 1408-1414
    • Friesen, L.E.1    Eagles, P.F.J.2    Mackay, R.J.3
  • 27
    • 0037695154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian bird community structure in Portland, Oregon: habit, urbanization, and spatial scale patterns
    • Hennings, L.A. & Edge, W.D. (2003) Riparian bird community structure in Portland, Oregon: habit, urbanization, and spatial scale patterns. The Condor, 105, 288-302.
    • (2003) The Condor , vol.105 , pp. 288-302
    • Hennings, L.A.1    Edge, W.D.2
  • 28
    • 1542318331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the spatial scale of species' response to habitat
    • Holland, J.D., Bert, D.G. & Fahrig, L. (2004) Determining the spatial scale of species' response to habitat. BioScience, 54, 227-233.
    • (2004) BioScience , vol.54 , pp. 227-233
    • Holland, J.D.1    Bert, D.G.2    Fahrig, L.3
  • 29
    • 0033568332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale, birds, and human decisions: a potential for integrative research in urban ecosystems
    • Hostetler, M. (1999) Scale, birds, and human decisions: a potential for integrative research in urban ecosystems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 45, 15-19.
    • (1999) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.45 , pp. 15-19
    • Hostetler, M.1
  • 30
    • 0012168711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting the scales at which birds respond to structure in urban landscapes
    • Hostetler, M. & Holling, C.S. (2000) Detecting the scales at which birds respond to structure in urban landscapes. Urban Ecosystems, 4, 25-54.
    • (2000) Urban Ecosystems , vol.4 , pp. 25-54
    • Hostetler, M.1    Holling, C.S.2
  • 31
    • 0037427907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use, scale, and bird distributions in the phoenix metropolitan area
    • Hostetler, M. & Knowles-Yanez, K. (2003) Land use, scale, and bird distributions in the phoenix metropolitan area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 62, 55-68.
    • (2003) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.62 , pp. 55-68
    • Hostetler, M.1    Knowles-Yanez, K.2
  • 32
    • 77952744682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scale effects on conservation network design: trade-offs and omissions in regional versus local scale planning
    • Huber, P., Greco, S. & Thorne, J. (2010) Spatial scale effects on conservation network design: trade-offs and omissions in regional versus local scale planning. Landscape Ecology, 25, 683-695.
    • (2010) Landscape Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 683-695
    • Huber, P.1    Greco, S.2    Thorne, J.3
  • 33
    • 0031746984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape structure and spread of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) in southwestern Ohio forests
    • Hutchinson, T.F. & Vankat, J.L. (1998) Landscape structure and spread of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) in southwestern Ohio forests. The American Midland Naturalist, 139, 383-390.
    • (1998) The American Midland Naturalist , vol.139 , pp. 383-390
    • Hutchinson, T.F.1    Vankat, J.L.2
  • 34
    • 0036107687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement parameters of ungulates and scale-specific responses to the environment
    • Johnson, C.J., Parker, K.L., Heard, D.C. & Gillingham, M.P. (2002) Movement parameters of ungulates and scale-specific responses to the environment. Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, 225-235.
    • (2002) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 225-235
    • Johnson, C.J.1    Parker, K.L.2    Heard, D.C.3    Gillingham, M.P.4
  • 35
    • 33745153356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are urban forests ecological traps for understory birds? An examination using northern cardinals
    • Leston, L.F.V. & Rodewald, A.D. (2006) Are urban forests ecological traps for understory birds? An examination using northern cardinals. Biological Conservation, 131, 566-574.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.131 , pp. 566-574
    • Leston, L.F.V.1    Rodewald, A.D.2
  • 36
    • 0027101175 scopus 로고
    • The problem of pattern and scale in ecology
    • Levin, S.A. (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, 73, 1943-1967.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1943-1967
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 37
    • 0029669265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a behavioral ecology of ecological landscapes
    • Lima, S. & Zollner, P. (1996) Towards a behavioral ecology of ecological landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 131-135.
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 131-135
    • Lima, S.1    Zollner, P.2
  • 39
    • 33847070430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing suburban greenways to provide habitat for forest-breeding birds
    • Mason, J., Moorman, C., Hess, G. & Sinclair, K. (2007) Designing suburban greenways to provide habitat for forest-breeding birds. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80, 153-164.
    • (2007) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.80 , pp. 153-164
    • Mason, J.1    Moorman, C.2    Hess, G.3    Sinclair, K.4
  • 40
    • 0037625362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape characteristics, spatial extent, and breeding bird diversity in Ohio, USA
    • Mayer, A.L. & Cameron, G.N. (2003) Landscape characteristics, spatial extent, and breeding bird diversity in Ohio, USA. Diversity and Distributions, 9, 297-311.
    • (2003) Diversity and Distributions , vol.9 , pp. 297-311
    • Mayer, A.L.1    Cameron, G.N.2
  • 41
    • 34548460829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of selection: new approaches to detecting the scale-dependent response to habitat
    • Mayor, S., Schaefer, J., Schneider, D. & Mahoney, S. (2008) Spectrum of selection: new approaches to detecting the scale-dependent response to habitat. Ecology, 88, 1634-1640.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 1634-1640
    • Mayor, S.1    Schaefer, J.2    Schneider, D.3    Mahoney, S.4
  • 43
    • 0036795910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation
    • Mckinney, M.L. (2002) Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. BioScience, 52, 883-890.
    • (2002) BioScience , vol.52 , pp. 883-890
    • Mckinney, M.L.1
  • 44
    • 0141595878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban bird diversity and landscape complexity: species-environment associations along a multiscale habitat gradient
    • Melles, S., Glenn, S. & Martin, K. (2003) Urban bird diversity and landscape complexity: species-environment associations along a multiscale habitat gradient. Conservation Ecology, 7, 5.
    • (2003) Conservation Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 5
    • Melles, S.1    Glenn, S.2    Martin, K.3
  • 45
    • 22744447497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience
    • Miller, J.R. (2005) Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20, 430-434.
    • (2005) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 430-434
    • Miller, J.R.1
  • 46
    • 0348011442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of human settlement on bird communities in lowland riparian areas of Colorado (USA)
    • Miller, J.R., Wiens, J.A., Hobbs, N.T. & Theobald, D.M. (2003) Effects of human settlement on bird communities in lowland riparian areas of Colorado (USA). Ecological Applications, 13, 1041-1059.
    • (2003) Ecological Applications , vol.13 , pp. 1041-1059
    • Miller, J.R.1    Wiens, J.A.2    Hobbs, N.T.3    Theobald, D.M.4
  • 47
    • 0000254329 scopus 로고
    • The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity
    • Naiman, R.J., Decamps, H. & Pollock, M. (1993) The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications, 3, 209-212.
    • (1993) Ecological Applications , vol.3 , pp. 209-212
    • Naiman, R.J.1    Decamps, H.2    Pollock, M.3
  • 48
    • 33747042513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion of an exotic forb impacts reproductive success and site fidelity of a migratory songbird
    • Ortega, Y.K., Mckelvey, K.S. & Six, D.L. (2006) Invasion of an exotic forb impacts reproductive success and site fidelity of a migratory songbird. Oecologia, 149, 340-351.
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.149 , pp. 340-351
    • Ortega, Y.K.1    Mckelvey, K.S.2    Six, D.L.3
  • 49
    • 71649112934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using gradient analysis to uncover pattern and process in urban bird communities
    • (in press)
    • Pennington, D.N. & Blair, R.B. (in press) Using gradient analysis to uncover pattern and process in urban bird communities. Studies in Avian Biology.
    • Studies in Avian Biology
    • Pennington, D.N.1    Blair, R.B.2
  • 50
    • 44149095991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conservation value of urban riparian areas for landbirds during spring migration: land cover, scale, and vegetation effects
    • Pennington, D.N., Hansel, J. & Blair, R.B. (2008) The conservation value of urban riparian areas for landbirds during spring migration: land cover, scale, and vegetation effects. Biological Conservation, 141, 1235-1248.
    • (2008) Biological Conservation , vol.141 , pp. 1235-1248
    • Pennington, D.N.1    Hansel, J.2    Blair, R.B.3
  • 51
    • 71649086169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization and riparian forest woody communities: diversity, composition, and structure within a metropolitan landscape
    • Pennington, D.N., Hansel, J. & Gorchov, D.G. (2010) Urbanization and riparian forest woody communities: diversity, composition, and structure within a metropolitan landscape. Biological Conservation, 143, 182-194.
    • (2010) Biological Conservation , vol.143 , pp. 182-194
    • Pennington, D.N.1    Hansel, J.2    Gorchov, D.G.3
  • 52
    • 37149045254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking ecological and built components of urban mosaics: an open cycle of ecological design
    • Pickett, S.T.A. & Cadenasso, M.L. (2008) Linking ecological and built components of urban mosaics: an open cycle of ecological design. Journal of Ecology, 96, 8-12.
    • (2008) Journal of Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 8-12
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Cadenasso, M.L.2
  • 54
    • 79953783660 scopus 로고
    • Managing and monitoring birds using point counts: standards and applications. Monitoring bird populations by point counts. United States Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-149
    • Ralph, C.J., Droege, S. & Sauer, J.R. (1995) Managing and monitoring birds using point counts: standards and applications. Monitoring bird populations by point counts. United States Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-149, 161-168.
    • (1995) , pp. 161-168
    • Ralph, C.J.1    Droege, S.2    Sauer, J.R.3
  • 55
    • 0037586542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among non-native plants and birds
    • (ed. by J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowman and R. Donnelly) -, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA.
    • Reichard, S.H., Chalker-Scott, L. & Buchanan, S. (2001) Interactions among non-native plants and birds. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world (ed. by J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowman and R. Donnelly), pp. 179-224, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA.
    • (2001) Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world , pp. 179-224
    • Reichard, S.H.1    Chalker-Scott, L.2    Buchanan, S.3
  • 56
    • 0000083769 scopus 로고
    • A variable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers
    • Reynolds, R.T., Scott, J.M. & Nussbaum, R.A. (1980) A variable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers. The Condor, 82, 309-313.
    • (1980) The Condor , vol.82 , pp. 309-313
    • Reynolds, R.T.1    Scott, J.M.2    Nussbaum, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 29244448715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the appropriate paradigm for riparian forest conservation?
    • Rodewald, A.D. & Bakermans, M.H. (2006) What is the appropriate paradigm for riparian forest conservation? Biological Conservation, 128, 193-200.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.128 , pp. 193-200
    • Rodewald, A.D.1    Bakermans, M.H.2
  • 59
    • 0030617858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect parasitoid species respond to forest structure at different spatial scales
    • Roland, J. & Taylor, P.D. (1997) Insect parasitoid species respond to forest structure at different spatial scales. Nature, 386, 710-713.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 710-713
    • Roland, J.1    Taylor, P.D.2
  • 60
    • 0033017970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the impacts of urbanization on riparian bird communities
    • Rottenborn, S.C. (1999) Predicting the impacts of urbanization on riparian bird communities. Biological Conservation, 88, 289-299.
    • (1999) Biological Conservation , vol.88 , pp. 289-299
    • Rottenborn, S.C.1
  • 61
    • 0033081152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of spatial scale to habitat use by breeding birds in riparian forests: a hierarchical analysis
    • Saab, V. (1999) Importance of spatial scale to habitat use by breeding birds in riparian forests: a hierarchical analysis. Ecological Applications, 9, 135-151.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 135-151
    • Saab, V.1
  • 62
    • 0033747403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird abundance in bottomland hardwood forests: habitat, edge, and patch size effects
    • Sallabanks, R., Walters, J.R. & Collazo, J.A. (2000) Breeding bird abundance in bottomland hardwood forests: habitat, edge, and patch size effects. The Condor, 102, 748-758.
    • (2000) The Condor , vol.102 , pp. 748-758
    • Sallabanks, R.1    Walters, J.R.2    Collazo, J.A.3
  • 63
    • 0032713368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exotic Lonicera and Rhamnus on songbird nest predation
    • Schmidt, K.A. & Whelan, C.J. (1999) Effects of exotic Lonicera and Rhamnus on songbird nest predation. Conservation Biology, 13, 1502-1506.
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1502-1506
    • Schmidt, K.A.1    Whelan, C.J.2
  • 64
    • 29944439667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends associated with residential development in riparian breeding bird habitat along the Snake River in Jackson Hole, WY, USA: Implications for conservation planning
    • Smith, C.M. & Wachob, D.G. (2006) Trends associated with residential development in riparian breeding bird habitat along the Snake River in Jackson Hole, WY, USA: Implications for conservation planning. Biological Conservation, 128, 431-446.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.128 , pp. 431-446
    • Smith, C.M.1    Wachob, D.G.2
  • 66
    • 0001881422 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection by birds of riparian communities: evaluating effects of habitat alterations
    • Stauffer, D.F. & Best, L.B. (1980) Habitat selection by birds of riparian communities: evaluating effects of habitat alterations. Journal of Wildlife Management, 44, 1-15.
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.44 , pp. 1-15
    • Stauffer, D.F.1    Best, L.B.2
  • 69
    • 0024939275 scopus 로고
    • Spatial scaling in ecology
    • Wiens, J.A. (1989) Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology, 3, 385-397.
    • (1989) Functional Ecology , vol.3 , pp. 385-397
    • Wiens, J.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.