Killing in combat, mental health symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Iraq war veterans

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 563-567

  Maguen, Shira ^a,b   Luxton, David D ^c   Skopp, Nancy A ^c   Gahm, Gregory A ^c   Reger, Mark A ^c   Metzler, Thomas J ^a   Marmar, Charles R ^d  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Joint Base Lewis McChord   (United States)

^d NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Military; OEF OIF; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Suicide

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOMUTILATION; DEPRESSION; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; RISK FACTOR; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; UNITED STATES; VETERAN; WAR;

COMBAT DISORDERS; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; IRAQ WAR, 2003 -; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH; MILITARY PERSONNEL; QUESTIONNAIRES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SUICIDAL IDEATION; VETERANS;

EID: 79953706569     PISSN: 08876185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Blake D.D., Weathers F.W., Nagy L.M., Kaloupek D.G., Gusman F.D., Charney D.S., et al. The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1995, 8:75-90.
2. Boscarino J.A. Posttraumatic stress disorder and mortality among U.S. Army veterans 30 years after military service. Annals of Epidemiology 2006, 16:248-256.
3. Bullman T.A., Kang H.K. Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of traumatic deaths among Vietnam veterans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1994, 182:604-610.
4. Castro C.A., Mcgurk D., Wright K.M. A review of the U.S. Army soldier suicides in Iraq. Lowering suicide risk in returning troops-Wounds of war 2008, 45-52. IOS Press, Netherlands. B.K. Weiderhold (Ed.).
5. Department of the Army OTSG/MEDCOM Implementation Plan for Active Component Post-Deployment Health Reassessment Program (PDHRA). OTSG/MEDCOM Policy Memo 06-005 2006, March 7.
6. Fontana A., Rosenheck R. Attempted suicide among Vietnam veterans: a model of etiology in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995, 152:102-109.
7. Fontana A., Rosenheck R., Brett E. War zone traumas and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1992, 180:748-755.
8. Hayes A.F. Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs 2009, 76:408-420.
9. Hendin H., Haas A.P. Suicide and guilt as manifestations of PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991, 148:586-591.
10. Jakupcak M., Cook J., Imel Z., Fontana A., Rosenheck R., McFall M. Posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2009, 22:303-306.
11. Kang H.K., Bullman T.A. Risk of suicide among U.S. veterans after returning from the Iraq or Afghanistan war zones. JAMA 2008, 300:652-653.
12. Kapur N., While D., Blatchley N., Bray I., Harrison K. Suicide after leaving the UK armed forces-a cohort study. PLoS Medicine 2009, 6:e26.
13. Kroenke K., Strine T.W., Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B.W., Berry J.T., Mokdad A.H. The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders 2009, 114:163-173.
14. Kuehn B.M. Soldier suicide rates continue to rise: military, scientists work to stem the tide. JAMA 2009, 301:1111-1113.
15. Litz B.T., Stein N., Delaney E., Lebowitz L., Nash W.P., Silva C., et al. Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: a preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review 2009, 29:695-706.
16. MacKinnon D.P., Krull J.L., Lockwood C.M. Equivalence of the mediation, confounding, and suppression effect. Prevention Science 2000, 1:173-181.
17. Oquendo M., Brent D.A., Birmaher B., Greenhill L., Kolko D., Stanley B., et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depression: factors mediating the association with suicidal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 162:560-566.
18. Pietrzak R.H., Goldstein M.B., Malley J.C., Rivers A.J., Johnson D.C., Southwick S.M. Risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Journal of Affective Disorders 2009, 123:102-107.
19. Prins A., Ouimette P., Kimerling R., Cameron R.P., Hugelshofer D.S., Shaw-Hegwer J., et al. The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry 2003, 9:9-14.
20. Ritchie E.C., Keppler W.C., Rothberg J.M. Suicidal admissions in the United States military. Military Medicine 2003, 168:177-181.
21. Roy A., Janal M. Family history of suicide, female sex, and childhood trauma: separate or interacting risk factors for attempts at suicide?. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 2005, 112:367-371.
22. Saunders J.B., Aasland O.G., Babor T.F., de la Fuente J.R., Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption. II. Addiction 1993, 88:791-804.
23. Shrout P.E., Bolger N. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods 2002, 7:422-445.
24. Thoresen S., Mehlum L. Traumatic stress and suicidal ideation in Norwegian male peacekeepers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2008, 196:814-821.
25. Weiderhold B.K. Lowering suicide risk in returning troops-Wounds of war 2008, IOS Press, Netherlands.