Sulfate aerosol control of tropical atlantic climate over the twentieth century

Journal of Climate

Volumn 24, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 2540-2555

  Chang, C Y ^a   Chiang, J C H ^a   Wehner, M F ^b   Friedman, A R ^a   Ruedy, R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerosols particulates; Atlantic Ocean; Forcing; Intertropical convergence zone; Ocean dynamics

Indexed keywords

ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATIONS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CLIMATE FORCINGS; CLIMATE SIMULATION; FORCED RESPONSE; FORCING; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; MULTI-MODEL; MULTI-MODEL ENSEMBLE; MULTIDECADAL VARIATIONS; NATURAL VARIATION; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; OCEAN DYNAMICS; PRE-INDUSTRIAL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SECULAR TREND; SULFATE AEROSOLS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WEST AFRICA;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; RAIN; TROPICS;

CLIMATE CONTROL;

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; CLIMATE FORCING; DECADAL VARIATION; RADIATIVE FORCING; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (TROPICAL); BRAZIL; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 79953654891     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI4065.1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Anderson, T., and Coauthors, 2003: Climate forcing by aerosols-A hazy picture. Science, 300, 1103-1104.
2. Barnett, T. P., 1977: Principal time and space scales of Pacific trade wind fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 221-236.
3. Barnett, T. P., and Coauthors, 2005: Detecting and attributing external influences on the climate system: A review of recent advances. J. Climate, 18, 1291-1314.
4. Biasutti, M., and A. Giannini, 2006: Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11706, doi:10.1029/2006GL026067.
5. Broccoli, A. J., K. A. Dahl, and R. J. Stouffer, 2006: Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere cooling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01702, doi:10.1029/2005GL024546.
6. Chang, P., and Coauthors, 2008: Oceanic link between abrupt changes in the North Atlantic Ocean and the African monsoon. Nat. Geosci., 1, 444-448.
7. Cheng, W., J. C. H. Chiang, and C. M. Bitz, 2007: Adjustment of the global climate to an abrupt slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 173, Amer. Geophys. Union, 295-314.
8. Chiang, J. C. H., and C. Bitz, 2005: Influence of high latitude ice cover on the marine intertropical convergence zone. Climate Dyn., 25, 477-496.
9. Chiang, J. C. H., Y. Kushnir, and S. E. Zebiak, 2000: Interdecadal changes in eastern Pacific ITCZ variability and its influence on the Atlantic ITCZ. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3687-3690.
10. Chiang, J. C. H., Y. Kushnir, and A. Giannini, 2002:Deconstructing Atlantic ITCZ variability: Influence of the local cross-equatorial SST gradient, and remote forcing from the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4004, doi:10.1029/2000JD000307.
11. Delworth, T. L., and M. Mann, 2000: Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate Dyn., 16, 661-676.
12. Delworth, T. L., and K. W. Dixon, 2006: Have anthropogenic aerosols delayed a greenhouse gas-induced weakening of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02606, doi:10.1029/2005GL024980.
13. Evan, A. T., D. J. Vimont, A. K. Heidinger, J. P. Kossin, and R. Bennartz, 2009: The role of aerosols in the evolution of tropical North Atlantic Ocean temperature anomalies. Science, 324, 778-781.
14. Forster, P., and Coauthors, 2007: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 129-234, 755.
15. Giannini, A., R. Saravanan, and P. Chang, 2003: Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales. Science, 302, 1027-1030.
16. Hastenrath, S., and L. Greischar, 1993: Circulation mechanisms related to northeast Brazil rainfall anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5093-5102.
17. Haywood, J., and O. Boucher, 2000: Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review. Rev. Geophys., 38, 513-543.
18. Huang, N., and Z. Wu, 2008: A review on Hilbert-Huang transform: Method and its applications to geophysical studies. Rev. Geophys., 46, RG2006, doi:10.1029/2007RG000228.
19. Kang, S. M., D. M. W. Frierson, and I. M. Held, 2009: The tropical response to extratropical thermal forcing in an idealized GCM: The importance of radiative feedbacks and convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2812-2827.
20. Kaplan, A., and Coauthors, 1998: Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856-1991. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18 567-18 589.
21. Kiehl, J., 2007: Twentieth-century climate model response and climate sensitivity. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22710, doi:10.1029/2007GL031383.
22. Knight, J. R., C. K. Folland, and A. A. Scaife, 2006: Climate impacts of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17706, doi:10.1029/2006GL026242.
23. Kushnir, Y., 1994: Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature and associated atmospheric conditions. J. Climate, 7, 141-157.
24. Lohmann, U., and J. Feichter, 2005: Global indirect aerosol effects: A review. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737.
25. Mann,M.E., andK.A.Emanuel, 2006: Atlantic hurricane trends linked to climate change. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 87, 233.
26. Meehl, G. A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J. F. B. Mitchell, R. J. Stouffer, and K. E. Taylor, 2007: The WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset: A new era in climate change research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1383-1394.
27. Ming, Y., and V. Ramaswamy, 2009: Nonlinear climate and hydrological responses to aerosol effects. J. Climate, 22, 1329-1339.
28. Moura, A. D., and J. Shukla, 1981: On the dynamics of droughts in northeast Brazil-Observations, theory, and numerical experiments with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2653-2675.
29. Nicholson, S., 1993: An overview of African rainfall fluctuations of the last decade. J. Climate, 6, 1463-1466.
30. Ramanathan, V., and G. Carmichael, 2008: Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. Nat. Geosci., 1, 221-227.
31. Rasch, P.,M. Barth, J. Kiehl, S. Schwartz, and C. Benkovitz, 2000: A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1367-1385.
32. Rayner, N. A., and Coauthors, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002jd002670.
33. Rotstayn, L. D., and J. E. Penner, 2001: Indirect aerosol forcing, quasi forcing, and climate response. J. Climate, 14, 2960-2975.
34. Rotstayn, L. D., and U. Lohmann, 2002: Tropical rainfall trends and the indirect aerosol effect. J. Climate, 15, 2103-2116.
35. Schlesinger, M. E., and N. Ramankutty, 1994: An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65-70 years. Nature, 367, 723-726.
36. Slutz, R. J., S. J. Lubker, J. D. Hiscox, S. D. Woodruff, R. L. Jenne, D. H. Joseph, P. M. Steurer, and J. D. Elms, 1985: Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set; Release 1. NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, Climate Research Program, 268 pp.
37. Smith, S. J., H. Pitcher, and T. M. L. Wigley, 2001: Global and regional anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. Global Planet. Change, 29, 99-119.
38. Smith,T.M.,R.W.Reynolds, T. C. Peterson,andJ. Lawrimore, 2008: Improvements toNOAA's historicalmerged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006). J. Climate, 21, 2283-2296.
39. Stern, D. I., 2006: Reversal of the trend in global anthropogenic sulfur emissions. Global Environ. Change, 16, 207-220.
40. Ting, M. F., Y. Kushnir, R. Seager, and C. H. Li, 2009: Forced and internal twentieth-century SST trends in the North Atlantic. J. Climate, 22, 1469-1481.
41. Wang, C., 2004: A modeling study on the climate impacts of black carbon aerosols. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03106, doi:10.1029/2003JD004084.
42. Williams, K. D., A. Jones, D. L. Roberts, C. A. Senior, and M. J. Woodage, 2001: The response of the climate system to the indirect effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol. Climate Dyn., 17, 845-856.
43. Wu, Z., and N. E. Huang, 2009: Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition: A noise-assisted data analysis method. Adv. Adapt. Data Anal., 1, 1-41.
44. Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, B. P. Kirtman, E. S. Sarachik, N. E. Huang, and C. J. Tucker, 2008: The modulated annual cycle: An alternative reference frame for climate anomalies. Climate Dyn., 31, 823-841.
45. Xie, S.-P., and J. A. Carton, 2004: Tropical Atlantic variability: Patterns, mechanisms, and impacts. Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 147, Amer. Geophys. Union, 121-142.
46. Zhang, R., and T. L. Delworth, 2006: Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillations on India/Sahel rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17712, doi:10.1029/2006GL026267.
47. Zhao, T. X. P., I. Laszlo, W. Guo, A. Heidinger, C. Cao, A. Jelenak, D. Tarpley, and J. Sullivan, 2008: Study of long-term trend in aerosol optical thickness observed from operational AVHRR satellite instrument. J.Geophys. Res., 113, D07201, doi:10.1029/2007JD009061.