Genetic transformation of Borrelia burgdorferi

Current Protocols in Microbiology

Volumn , Issue SUPPL.20, 2011, Pages

  Hyde, Jenny A ^a   Weening, Eric H ^b   Skare, Jon T ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Allelic exchange; Genetic complementation; Lyme borreliosis; Mutation; Spirochetes

Indexed keywords

RECOMBINASE;

ALLELE; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM MUTANT; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; DNA METHYLATION; ELECTROTRANSFORMATION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PLATING MEDIUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECIES CULTIVATION; CULTURE TECHNIQUE; ELECTROPORATION; GENETICS; HUMAN; LYME DISEASE; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; MUTATION;

BORRELIA BURGDORFERI;

BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CULTURE TECHNIQUES; ELECTROPORATION; GENETIC COMPLEMENTATION TEST; HUMANS; LYME DISEASE; MUTATION; TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC;

EID: 79953292454     PISSN: 19348525     EISSN: 19348533     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc12c04s20     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Akerley, B.J., Rubin, E.J., Novick, V.L., Amaya, K., Judson, N., and Mekalanos, J.J. 2002. A genome-scale analysis for identification of genes required for growth or survival of Haemophilus influenzae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:966-971.
2. Barbour, A.G. 1984. Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J. Biol. Med. 57:521-525.
3. Barthold, S.W., Moody, K.D., Terwilliger, G.A., Duray, P.H., Jacoby, R.O., and Steere, A.C. 1988. Experimental Lyme arthritis in rats infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Infect. Dis. 157:842-846.
4. Barthold, S.W., Beck, D.S., Hansen, G.M., Terwilliger, G.A., and Moody, K.D. 1990. Lyme borreliosis in selected strains and ages of laboratory mice. J. Infect. Dis. 162:133-138.
5. Barthold, S.W., Cadavid, D., and Philipp, M.T. 2010. Animal models of Borreliosis. In Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis (D.S. Samuels and J.D. Radolf, eds.) pp. 359-412. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
6. Beaurepaire, C. and Chaconas, G. 2005. Mapping of essential replication functions of the linear plasmid lp17 of B. burgdorferi by targeted deletion walking. Mol. Microbiol. 57:132-142.
7. Blevins, J.S., Revel, A.T., Smith, A.H., Bachlani, G.N., and Norgard, M.V. 2007. Adaptation of a luciferase gene reporter and lac expression system to Borrelia burgdorferi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1501-1513.
8. Bono, J.L., Elias, A.F., Kupko, J.J., Stevenson, B., Tilly, K., and Rosa, P. 2000. Efficient targeted mutagenesis in Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Bacteriol. 182:2445-2452.
9. Botkin, D.J., Abbott, A.N., Stewart, P.E., Rosa, P.A., Kawabata, H., Watanabe, H., and Norris, S.J. 2006. Identification of potential virulence determinants by Himar1 transposition of infectious Borrelia burgdorferi B31. Infect. Immun. 74:6690-6699.
10. Boylan, J.A., Lawrence, K.A., Downey, J.S., and Gherardini, F.C. 2008. Borrelia burgdorferi membranes are the primary targets of reactive oxygen species. Mol. Microbiol. 68:786-799.
11. Burgdorfer, W., Barbour, A.G., Hayes, S.F., Benach, J.L., Grunwaldt, E., and Davis, J.P. 1982. Lyme disease-A tick-borne spirochetosis? Science 216:1317-1319.
12. Byram, R., Stewart, P.E., and Rosa, P. 2004. The essential nature of the ubiquitous 26-kilobase circular replicon of Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Bacteriol. 186:3561-3569.
13. Caimano, M.J., Eggers, C.H., Hazlett, K.R., and Radolf, J.D. 2004. RpoS is not central to the general stress response in Borrelia burgdorferi but does control expression of one or more essential virulence determinants. Infect. Immun. 72:6433-6445.
14. Casjens, S., van Vugt, R., Tilly, K., Rosa, P.A., and Stevenson, B. 1997. Homology throughout the multiple 32-kilobase circular plasmids present in Lyme disease spirochetes. J. Bacteriol. 179:217-227.
15. Casjens, S., Palmer, N., van Vugt, R., Huang, W.M., Stevenson, B., Rosa, P., Lathigra, R., Sutton, G., Peterson, J., Dodson, R.J., Haft, D., Hickey, E., Gwinn, M., White, O., and Fraser, C.M. 2000. A bacterial genome in flux: The twelve linear and nine circular extrachromosomal DNAs in an infectious isolate of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Microbiol. 35:490-516.
16. Chen, Q., Fischer, J.R., Benoit, V.M., Dufour, N.P., Youderian, P., and Leong, J.M. 2008. In vitro CpG methylation increases the transformation efficiency of Borrelia burgdorferi strains harboring the endogenous linear plasmid lp56. J. Bacteriol. 190:7885-7891.
17. Dunham-Ems, S.M., Caimano, M.J., Pal, U., Wolgemuth, C.W., Eggers, C.H., Balic, A., and Radolf, J.D. 2009. Live imaging reveals a biphasic mode of dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi within ticks. J. Clin. Invest. 119:3652-3665.
18. Eggers, C.H., Caimano, M.J., Clawson, M.L., Miller, W.G., Samuels, D.S., and Radolf, J.D. 2002. Identification of loci critical for replication and compatibility of a Borrelia burgdorferi cp32 plasmid and use of a cp32-based shuttle vector for the expression of fluorescent reporters in the Lyme disease spirochaete. Mol. Microbiol. 43:281-295.
19. Elias, A.F., Stewart, P.E., Grimm, D., Caimano, M.J., Eggers, C.H., Tilly, K., Bono, J.L., Akins, D.R., Radolf, J.D., Schwan, T.G., and Rosa, P. 2002. Clonal polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 MI: Implications for mu-tagenesis in an infectious strain background. Infect. Immun. 70:2139-2150.
20. Elias, A.F., Bono, J.L., Kupko, J.J., Stewart, P.E., Krum, J.G., and Rosa, P.A. 2003. New antibiotic resistance cassettes suitable for genetic studies in Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 6:29-40.
21. Frank, K.L., Bundle, S.F., Kresge, M.E., Eggers, C.H., and Samuels, D.S. 2003. aadA confers streptomycin resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Bacteriol. 185:6723-6727.
22. Fraser, C.M., Casjens, S., Huang, W.M., Sutton, G.G., Clayton, R., Lathigra, R., White, O., Ketchum, K.A., Dodson, R., Hickey, E.K., Gwinn, M., Dougherty, B., Tomb, J.F., Fleischmann, R.D., Richardson, D., Peterson, J., Kerlavage, A.R., Quackenbush, J., Salzberg, S., Hanson, M., van Vugt, R., Palmer, N., Adams, M.D., Gocayne, J., Weidman, J., Utter-back, T., Watthey, L., McDonald, L., Artiach, P., Bowman, C., Garland, S., Fuji, C., Cotton, M.D., Horst, K., Roberts, K., Hatch, B., Smith, H.O., and Venter, J.C. 1997. Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature 390:580-586.
23. Gherardini, F.C., Boylan, J.A., Lawrence, K., and Skare, J.T. 2010. Metabolism and physiology of Borrelia. In: Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis (D.S. Samuels and J.D. Radolf, eds.) pp. 103-138. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, U.K.
24. Gilbert, M.A., Morton, E.A., Bundle, S.F., and Samuels, D.S. 2007. Artificial regulation of ospC expression in Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Microbiol. 63:1259-1273.
25. Grimm, D., Eggers, C.H., Caimano, M.J., Tilly, K., Stewart, P.E., Elias, A.F., Radolf, J.D., and Rosa, P.A. 2004. Experimental assessment of the roles of linear plasmids lp25 and lp28-1 of Borrelia burgdorferi throughout the infectious cycle. Infect. Immun. 72:5938-5946.
26. Hyde, J.A., Shaw, D.K. Smith, R. III, Trzeciakowski, J.P., and Skare, J.T. 2009. The BosR regulatory protein of Borrelia burgdorferi interfaces with the RpoS regulatory pathway and modulates both the oxidative stress response and pathogenic properties of the Lyme disease spirochete. Mol. Microbiol. 74:1344-1355.
27. Kawabata, H., Norris, S.J., and Watanabe, H. 2004. BBE02 disruption mutants of Borrelia burgdor-feri B31 have a highly transformable, infectious phenotype. Infect. Immun. 72:7147-7154.
28. Kenedy, M.R., Vuppala, S.R., Siegel, C., Kraiczy, P., and Akins, D.R. 2009. CspA-mediated binding of human factor H inhibits complement deposition and confers serum resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect. Immun. 77:2773-2782.
29. Labandeira-Rey, M. and Skare, J.T. 2001. Decreased infectivity in Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 is associated with loss of linear plasmid 25 or 28-1. Infect. Immun. 69:446-455.
30. Labandeira-Rey, M., Seshu, J., and Skare, J.T. 2003. The absence of linear plasmid 25 or 28-1 of Borrelia burgdorferi dramatically alters the kinetics of experimental infection via distinct mechanisms. Infect. Immun. 71:4608-4613.
31. Lawrenz, M.B., Kawabata, H., Purser, J.E., and Norris, S.J. 2002. Decreased electroporation efficiency in Borrelia burgdorferi containing linear plasmids lp25 and lp56: Impact on transformation of infectious B. burgdorferi. Infect. Immun. 70:4798-4804.
32. Li, X., Pal, U., Ramamoorthi, N., Liu, X., Desrosiers, D.C., Eggers, C.H., Anderson, J.F., Radolf, J.D., and Fikrig, E. 2007. The Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi requires BB0690, a Dps homologue, to persist within ticks. Mol. Microbiol. 63:694-710.
33. Lin, T., Gao, L., Edmondson, D.G., Jacobs, M.B., Philipp, M.T., and Norris, S.J. 2009. Central role of the Holliday junction helicase RuvAB in vlsE recombination and infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi. PLoS Pathog. 5:e1000679.
34. Morozova, O.V., Dubytska, L.P., Ivanova, L.B., Moreno, C.X., Bryksin, A.V., Sartakova, M.L., Dobrikova, E.Y., Godfrey, H.P., and Cabello, F.C. 2005. Genetic and physiological characterization of 23S rRNA and ftsJ mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi isolated by mariner transposition. Gene 357:63-72.
35. Nadelman, R.B. and Wormser, G.P. 1998. Lyme borreliosis. Lancet 352:557-565.
36. Norris, S.J., Coburn, J., Leong, J.M., Hu, L.T., and Hook, M. 2010. Pathobiology of Lyme disease Borrelia. In: Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis (D.S. Samuels and J.D. Radolf, eds.) pp. 299-332. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, U.K.
37. Pal, U. and Fikrig, E. 2010. Tick interactions. In: Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis (D.S. Samuels andJ.D. Radolf, eds.) pp. 279-298. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, U.K.
38. Parveen, N., Cornell, K.A., Bono, J.L., Chamberland, C., Rosa, P., and Leong, J.M. 2006. Bgp, a secreted glycosaminoglycan-binding protein of Borrelia burgdorferi strain N40, displays nucleosidase activity and is not essential for infection of immunodeficient mice. Infect. Immun. 74:3016-3020.
39. Piesman, J., Mather, T.N., Sinsky, R.J., and Spielman, A. 1987. Duration of tick attachment and Borrelia burgdorferi transmission. J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:557-558.
40. Pollack, R.J., Telford, S.R., and Spielman, A. 1993. Standardization of medium for culturing Lyme disease spirochetes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1251-1255.
41. Purser, J.E. and Norris, S.J. 2000. Correlation between plasmid content and infectivity in Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:13865-13870.
42. Purser, J.E., Lawrenz, M.B., Caimano, M.J., Howell, J.K., Radolf, J.D., and Norris, S.J. 2003. A plasmid-encoded nicotinamidase (PncA) is essential for infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi in a mammalian host. Mol. Microbiol. 48:753-764.
43. Revel, A.T., Blevins, J.S., Almazan, C., Neil, L., Kocan, K.M., de la Fuente, J., Hagman, K.E., and Norgard, M.V. 2005. bptA (bbe16) is essential for the persistence of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in its natural tick vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:6972-6977.
44. Rosa, P.A., Tilly, K., and Stewart, P.E. 2005. The burgeoning molecular genetics of the Lyme disease spirochaete. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3:129-143.
45. Rosa, P.A., Cabello, F.C., and Samuels, D.S. 2010. Genetic manipulation of Borrelia burgdorferi. In: Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis (D.S. Samuels and J. D. Radolf, eds.) pp. 189-220. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, U.K.
46. Samuels, D.S. 1995. Electrotransformation of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Methods Mol. Biol. 47:253-259.
47. Sartakova, M., Dobrikova, E., and Cabello, F.C. 2000. Development of an extrachromosomal cloning vector system for use in Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:4850-4855.
48. Sartakova, M.L., Dobrikova, E.Y., Terekhova, D.A., Devis, R., Bugrysheva, J.V., Morozova, O.V., Godfrey, H.P., and Cabello, F.C. 2003. Novel antibiotic-resistance markers in pGK12-derived vectors for Borrelia burgdorferi. Gene 303:131-137.
49. Schwan, T.G., Burgdorfer, W., Schrumpf, M.E., and Karstens, R.H. 1988. The urinary bladder, a consistent source of Borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:893-895.
50. Seshu, J., Boylan, J.A., Hyde, J.A., Swingle, K.L., Gherardini, F.C., and Skare, J.T. 2004. A conservative amino acid change alters the function of BosR, the redox regulator of Borrelia burgdor-feri. Mol. Microbiol. 54:1352-1363.
51. Seshu, J., Esteve-Gassent, M.D., Labandeira-Rey, M., Kim, J.H., Trzeciakowski, J.P., Hook, M., and Skare, J.T. 2006. Inactivation of the fibronectin-binding adhesin gene bbk32 significantly attenuates the infectivity potential of Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Microbiol. 59:1591-1601.
52. Skare, J.T., Carroll, J.A., Yang, X.F., Samuels, D.S., and Akins, D.R. 2010. Gene regulation, transcriptomics and proteomics. In: Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis (D.S. Samuels and J.D. Radolf, eds.) pp. 67-102. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, U.K.
53. Steere, A.C., Grodzicki, R.L., Kornblatt, A.N., Craft, J.E., Barbour, A.G., Burgdorfer, W., Schmid, G.P., Johnson, E., and Malawista, S.E. 1983. The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 308:733-740.
54. Steere, A.C., Coburn, J., and Glickstein, L. 2004. The emergence of Lyme disease. J. Clin. Invest. 113:1093-1101.
55. Stevenson, B., Bono, J.L., Elias, A., Tilly, K., and Rosa, P. 1998. Transformation of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi with het-erologous DNA. J. Bacteriol. 180:4850-4855.
56. Stewart, P.E., Thalken, R., Bono, J.L., and Rosa, P. 2001. Isolation of a circular plasmid region sufficient for autonomous replication and transformation of infectious Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Microbiol. 39:714-721.
57. Stewart, P.E., Chaconas, G., and Rosa, P. 2003. Conservation of plasmid maintenance functions between linear and circular plasmids in Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Bacteriol. 185:3202-3209.
58. Stewart, P.E., Hoff, J., Fischer, E., Krum, J.G., and Rosa, P.A. 2004. Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi for identification of phenotypic mutants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5973-5979.
59. Weening, E.H., Parveen, N., Trzeciakowski, J.P., Leong, J.M., Hook, M., and Skare, J.T. 2008. Borrelia burgdorferi lacking DbpBA exhibits an early survival defect during experimental infection. Infect. Immun. 76:5694-5705.
60. Yang, X.F., Alani, S.M., and Norgard, M.V. 2003. The response regulator Rrp2 is essential for the expression of major membrane lipoproteins in Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:11001-11006.
61. Yang, X.F., Pal, U., Alani, S.M., Fikrig, E., and Norgard, M.V. 2004. Essential role for OspA/B in the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete. J. Exp. Med. 199:641-648.