On Shallow Grammar: African American English and the Critique of Exceptionalism

The Languages of Africa and the Diaspora: Educating for Language Awareness

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 231-248

  Spears, Arthur K ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953282308     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (41)

1. Alim, H.S. and Baugh, J. (eds) (2007) Talkin Black Talk: Language, Education and Social Change. New York: Teachers College Press.
2. Baugh, J. (1983) Black Street Speech. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
3. Bickerton, D. (1981) The Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Press.
4. DeGraff, M. (2005) Linguists’ most dangerous myth: The fallacy of Creole Exceptionalism. Language in Society 34, 533-591.
5. Dillard, J.L. (1972) Black English: Its History and Usage in the United States. New York:Random House.
6. Enfield, N.J. (2002) Ethnosyntax: Introduction. In N.J. Enfield (ed.) Ethnosyntax:Explorations in Grammar and Culture (pp. 3-30). Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.
7. Faraclas, N. (2006) Suprasegmentals and the myth of the simplicity continuum from ‘pidgin’, to ‘creole’, to ʼnatural’ languages. Paper presented at the Sixth Creolistics Workshop, Giessen, Germany.
8. Fasold, R.W. (1981) The relation between black and white speech in the South. American Speech 56, 163-89.
9. Good, J. (2006) The phonetics of tone in Saramaccan. In A. Deumert and S. Durrlemann (eds) Structure and Variation in Language Contact (pp. 9-28). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
10. Gooden, S.A. (2003) The phonology and phonetics of Jamaican creole reduplication. PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University.
11. Green, L.J. (2002) African American English: A Linguistic Introduction. New York:Cambridge University Press.
12. Holm, J. (1992) A theoretical model for semi-creolization. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Caribbean Linguistics. Barbados.
13. Holm, J. (2004) Languages in Contact: The Partial Restructuring of Vernaculars. New York: Cambridge University Press.
14. Hymes, D. (1974) Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
15. Labov, W. (1998) Co-existent systems in African-American vernacular English. In S.S. Mufwene, J.R. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds) African-American English: Structure, History and Use (pp. 110-153). New York: Routledge.
16. Makoni, S., Smitherman, G., Ball, A.F. and Spears, A.K. (eds) (2003) Black Linguistics. London: Routledge.
17. McWhorter, J. (2001) The world’s simplest grammars are Creole grammars. Linguistic Typology 5 (2), 125-166.
18. Morgan, M. (2002) Language, Discourse and Power in African American Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Mufwene, S.S. (1994) On decreolization: The case of Gullah. In M. Morgan (ed.) Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations (pp. 63-99). Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Afro-American Studies.
20. Smitherman, G. (1977) Talkin and Testifyin. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
21. Smitherman, G. (2000) Talkin That Talk. London: Routledge.
22. Spears, A.K. (1980) The other come in Black English. Working Papers in Socio-Linguistics 77 (pp. 1-15). Austin, TX: Southwest Education Development Laboratory and National Institute of Education.
23. Spears, A.K. (1982) The Black English semi-auxiliary come. Language 58, 850-872.
24. Spears, A. K. (1985) Review of Black Street Speech, by John Baugh. Language in Society 14, 101-108.
25. Spears, A.K. (1988) Black American English. In J.B. Cole (ed.) Anthropology for the Nineties (pp. 96-113). New York: The Free Press. [Reprinted in J.M. Wallace III (ed.) (1990) Language, Culture and Society: Readings in Linguistic Anthropology (pp. 87-100). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.]
26. Spears, A.K. (1990) The grammaticalization of disapproval in Black American English. In R. Rieber (ed.) CUNYForum: Papers in Linguistics 15 (1 and 2), (pp. 30-44). New York: Linguistics Department, The Graduate School, CUNY.
27. Spears, A.K. (1998) African-American language use: Ideology and so-called obscenity. In S.S. Mufwene, J.R. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds) African American English: Structure, History and Usage (pp. 226-250). New York:Routledge.
28. Spears, A.K. (1999) Race and Ideology: Language, Symbolism and Popular Culture. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
29. Spears, A.K. (2000) Stressed stay: Anew African-American English aspect marker. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Dialect Society, Chicago.
30. Spears, A.K. (2001a) Serial verb-like constructions in African-American English. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Washington, DC.
31. Spears, A.K. (2001b) Directness in the use of African-American English. In S.L. Lanehart (ed.) Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African-American English (pp. 239-259). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
32. Spears, A.K. (2004) Los Sustantivos sin determinantes en el palenquero y en el inglés afroestadounidense. In M. Fernández, M. Fernádez-Ferreiro and N. Vázquez Veiga (eds) Los Criollos de Base Ibérica: ACBLPE [Asociación de Criollos de Base Léxica Portuguesa y Española] 2003 (pp. 227-235). Frankfurt am Main: Verveurt Verlag.
33. Spears, A.K. (2006a) African American English: Pitch and the question of tone. Paper presented at the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, Winter Meeting. Albuquerque, NM.
34. Spears, A.K. (2006b) Disapproval markers: A creolism. Paper presented at the Society for Caribbean Linguistics, Roseau, Dominica.
35. Spears, A.K. (2007a) African American communicative practices: Performativity, semantic license and augmentation. In H.S. Alim and J. Baugh (eds) Talkin Black Talk (pp. 100-111). New York: Teachers College Press.
36. Spears, A.K. (2007b) Bare nouns in African American English. In M. Baptista and J. Guéron (eds) Noun Phrases in Creole Languages (pp. 421-434). Philadelphia, PA:John Benjamins.
37. Spears, A.K. (forthcoming) Pidgins/creoles and African American English. In J.V. Singler and S. Kouwenberg (eds) The Handbook of Pidgins and Creoles. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
38. Stewart, W.A. (1967) Sociolinguistic factors in the history of American Negro dialects. The Florida FL Reporter 5 (2), 11, 22, 24, 26.
39. Stewart, W.A. (1968) Continuity and change in American Negro dialects. The Florida FL Reporter 62, 14-16, 18, 304.
40. Wierzbicka, A. (1979) Ethno-syntax and the philosophy of grammar. Studies in Language 3 (3), 313-83.
41. Wierzbicka, A. (1992) Semantics, Culture and Cognition. New York: Oxford University Press.