The influence of play context and adult attitudes on young children's physical risk-taking during outdoor play

European Early Childhood Education Research Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 113-131

  Little, Helen ^a   Wyver, Shirley ^a   Gibson, Frances ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Outdoor play; Parent beliefs; Risk taking; Safety; Teacher beliefs

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953134183     PISSN: 1350293X     EISSN: 17521807     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1350293X.2011.548959     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ball, D.J. 2002. Playgrounds - Risks, benefits and choices (Contract research report No. 426/2002). London: Middlesex University, http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/crr_pdf/2002/crr02426.pdf.
2. Boufous, S., C. Finch, and A. Bauman. 2004. Parental safety concerns - A barrier to sport and physical activity in children? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 28, no. 5: 482-86.
3. Bundy, A., P. Tranter, G. Naughton, S. Wyver, and T. Luckett. 2009. Playfulness: Interactions between play contexts and child development. In Children, families and communities: Contexts and consequences 3rd edn, eds. J. Bowes, and R. Grace, 76-87. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
4. Caillois, R. [1958] 1962. Man, play, and games (Trans. M. Barash). London: Thames and Hudson.
5. Davies, M. 1997. The teacher's role in outdoor play: Preschool teachers' beliefs and practices. Journal for Australian Research in Early Childhood Education 1: 10-20.
6. Duangpatra, K.N., G.L. Bradley, and A.I. Glendon. 2009. Variables affecting emerging adults' self-reported risk and reckless behaviors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30, no. 3: 298-309.
7. Elsley, S. 2004. Children's experience of public space. Children & Society 18, no. 2: 155-164.
8. Franken, R.E., K.J. Gibson, and G.L. Rowland. 1992. Sensation seeking and the tendency to view the world as threatening. Personality and Individual Differences 13, no. 1: 31-38.
9. Gill, T. 2007. No fear: Growing up in a risk averse society. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
10. Greenfield, C. 2003. Outdoor play - The case for risks and challenges in children's learning and development. Safekids News 21, June, 5.
11. Greenfield, C. 2004. 'Can run, play on bikes, jump the zoom slide, and play on the swings': Exploring the value of outdoor play. Australian Journal of Early Childhood 29, no. 2: 1-5.
12. Harms, T., R.M. Clifford, and D. Cryer. 1998. Early childhood environment rating scale, revised edn. New York: Teachers College Press.
13. Henniger, M.L. 1994. Planning for outdoor play. Young Children 49, no. 4: 10-15.
14. Jambor, T. 1986. Risk-taking needs in children: An accommodating play environment. Children's Environments Quarterly 3, no. 4: 22-25.
15. Jambor, T. 1995. Coordinating the elusive playground triad: Managing children's risk-taking behavior (while) facilitating optimal challenge opportunities (within) a safe environment. Paper presented at the Playground Safety: An International Conference, 10 October, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.
16. Kelley, P., S. Hood, and B. Mayall. 1998. Children, parents and risk. Health and Social Care in the Community 6, no. 1: 16-24.
17. Lee, S. 1999. The cognition of playground safety. A comparison of traditional, contemporary, and naturalized playground types. In Proceedings of the international playground safety conference, ed. M.L. Christiansen, August 18-21, Penn State University, Pennsylvania.
18. Lester, S., and W. Russell. 2008. Play for a change. Play, policy and practice: A review of contemporary perspectives, http://www.playengland.org.uk/Page.asp.
19. Little, H. 2006. Children's risk-taking behaviour: Implications for early childhood policy and practice. International Journal of Early Years Education 14, no. 2: 141-154.
20. Little, H., and S. Wyver. 2008. Outdoor play: Does avoiding the risks reduce the benefits? Australian Journal of Early Childhood 33, no. 2: 33-40.
21. MacDougall, C., W. Schiller, and P. Darbyshire. 2009. What are our boundaries and where can we play? Perspectives from eight- to ten-year old Australian metropolitan and rural children. Early Child Development and Care 179, no. 2: 189-204.
22. Madge, N., and J. Barker. 2007. Risk and childhood. London: Risk Commission: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce (RSA), http://www.rsariskcommission.org/blog/default.aspa?PageId=650.
23. Maynard, T. 2007. Encounters with Forest School and Foucault: A risky business? Education 3-13 35, no. 4: 379-391.
24. Morrongiello, B.A., and T. Dawber. 2000. Mothers' responses to sons and daughters engaging in injury-risk behaviors on a playground: Implications for sex differences in injury rates. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 76, no. 2: 89-103.
25. NSW Department of Community Services (DoCS). 2004. Children's services regulation 2004. Sydney: NSW Department of Community Services.
26. Pellegrini, A.D. 1996. Observing children in their natural worlds: A methodological primer. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
27. QSR International. 2008. NVivo8 [software]. Available from http://www.qsrinternational.com/products-previous-products.aspx.
28. Rasmussen, K., and S. Smidt. 2003. Children in the neighbourhood. The neighbourhood in the children. In Children in the city. Home, neighbourhood and community, eds. P. Christensen, and M. O'Brien 82-100. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
29. Sallis, J.F., J.J. Prochaska, and W.C. Taylor. 2000. A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 32, no. 5: 963-975.
30. Sandseter, E.B. 2007a. Categorising risky play - How can we identify risk-taking in children's play? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 15, no. 2: 237-252.
31. Sandseter, E.B. 2007b. Challenging and risky play outdoors in preschool: Affordances of the play environment. 17th EECERA Annual conference 29 August-1 September. Prague, Czech Republic.
32. Sandseter, E.B. 2009. Affordances for risky play in preschool: The importance of features in the play environment. Early Childhood Education Journal 36, no. 5: 439-446.
33. Smith, S.J. 1998. Risk and our pedagogical relation to children: On the playground and beyond. Albany: State University of New York Press.
34. Standards Australia. 2004. Playground equipment. Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods. Sydney: Standards Australia.
35. Stephenson, A. 2003. Physical risk-taking: Dangerous or endangered? Early Years 23, no. 1: 35-43.
36. Stine, S. 1997. Landscapes for learning. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
37. Stonehouse, A. 2001. NSW Curriculum framework for children's services: The practice of relationships. Essential provisions for children's services. Sydney: NSW Department of Community Services.
38. Tovey, H. 2007. Playing outdoors: Spaces and places, risk and challenge. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
39. Tranter, P. 2005. Strategies for building child friendly cities. Creating Child Friendly Cities Conference, Melbourne, http://www.envict.org.au/file/Paul_Tranter.pdf.
40. Waters, J., and S. Begley. 2007. Supporting the development of risk-taking behaviours in the early years: An exploratory study. Education 3-13 35, no. 4: 365-377.