Concentrations of selected metals in candies and chocolates consumed in southern Nigeria

Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B Surveillance

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 22-27

  Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M A ^a  

^a DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Confectionary; Heavy metals

Indexed keywords

CONFECTIONARY; MEAN CONCENTRATIONS; NIGERIA; SELECTED METALS;

CHROMIUM; LEAD; MANGANESE; ZINC;

METALS;

THEOBROMA CACAO;

ARSENIC; CALCIUM INTAKE; CHROMIUM; HEAVY METAL; IRON INTAKE; MAGNESIUM; NICKEL; SUGAR;

ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; ADULT; ANALYSIS; CACAO; CALCIUM INTAKE; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIET; ECONOMICS; ETHNOLOGY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD CONTROL; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; IRON INTAKE; LIMIT OF DETECTION; NIGERIA; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; STANDARDS; TOXICITY;

ADULT; ARSENIC; CACAO; CALCIUM, DIETARY; CANDY; CHILD; CHROMIUM; DIET; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INSPECTION; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; IRON, DIETARY; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MAGNESIUM; METALS, HEAVY; NICKEL; NIGERIA; NUTRITIVE VALUE;

EID: 79952832882     PISSN: 19393210     EISSN: 19393229     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2011.551943     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Abou-Arab AAK, Ayesh AM, Amra HA, Naguib K. 1996. Characteristic levels of some pesticides and heavy metals in imported fish. Food Chem. 57(4):487-492.
2. ATSDR. 1999. Toxicological profile for lead. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology.
3. ATSDR. 2004. Toxicological profile for copper. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology.
4. Ashraf W. 2006. Levels of selected heavy metals in tuna fish. Arabian J Sci Eng. 31(1A):89-92.
5. Blazquez Abellan G, Gonzalez de Santiago I, Diaz Marguina A, Orzaez Villanneva MT. 2000. Macroelements content in Nougat, a traditional Spanish sweet. J Food Comp Anal. 13:265-273.
6. Clemente GF, Cinga Rossi L, Santaroni GP. 1980. Nickel in food and dietary intake of nickel. In: Nriagu JO, editor. Nickel in environment. New York: Wiley. p. 493-498.
7. COPAL. 2004. Proposed methodology for determine source and level of lead contamination in cocoa. Lagos (Nigeria): Cocoa Producers' Alliance. Available from: http//www.copal-cpa.org/lead.html
8. Dada OA, Aiyesimoju MO, Ajayi SO. 1982. Comparative evaluation of some essential nutrient content of different brands of cocoa-based beverages on the Nigeria market. Nigerian J Nutr Sci. 13:97-102.
9. Dahiya S, Karpe R, Hegde AG, Sharma RM. 2005. Lead, cadmium and nickel in chocolate and candies from suburban area of Mumbai. Indian J Food Comp Anal. 18:517-522.
10. Duran A, Tuzen M, Soylak M. 2009. Trace metal contents in chewing gums and candies. Environ Monit Assess. 149:283-289.
11. EVM. 2003. Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals. Report of the Expert Group on vitamins and mineral. Food Standards Agency. Available from: http:// www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/vitmin2003.pdf
12. FAO/WHO. 2001. Draft standard for chocolates and chocolate products. Joint FAO/WHO standards programme. CODEX Committee on cocoa products and cocoa chocolates, 19th session, 3-5 October 2001, Fribourg Switzerland, CX/CPC 01/3.
13. Hokin B, Adam M, Ashton J, Luie H. 2004. Analysis of the cobalt contents in Australian foods. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 13(3):284-288.
14. Ikem A, Egiebor NO. 2005. Assessment of trace elements in canned fishes (mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardine and herrings) marketed in Georgia and Alabama (USA). J Food Comp Anal. 18:771-787.
15. Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary reference intakes: applications in dietary planning. Subcommittee on interpretation and uses of dietary reference intakes and the standing committee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Washington (DC): National Academies Press. p. 248.
16. Iwegbue CMA. 2008. Heavy metal composition of liver and kidney of cattle from southern Nigeria. Veterinaski Arhiv. 78(5):402-412.
17. Khokhar MY, Iqbal J, Naizi SE. 2000. Flow injection-faas determination of chromium, iron, potassium and sodium in commercial sweets with on-line pre-concentration using ion exchange resin. J Res (Science). 11:6-10.
18. Kilic Z, Kenduzler E, Acar O. 2002. Determination of lead and copper in chewing gum samples by electrothermal flame atomic absorption using various chemical modifiers and arsenic by hydride generation. Food Chem. 77:85-95.
19. Kocak S, Tokusoglu O, Aycan S. 2005. Some heavy metals and trace essential metals detected in canned vegetable foodstuff by differential pulse polarography. Elect J Environ Agric Food Chem. 4(2):871-878.
20. Krishnamurti CR, Pushpa W. 1991. Toxic metals in the Indian environment. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill. p. 161.
21. Larsen EH, Andersen NL, Moller A, Petersen A, Mortensen GK, Peterson J. 2002. Monitoring the content and intake of trace element from food in Denmark. Food Addit Contam. 19(1):33-46.
22. Mounicou S, Szpunar J, Andrey D, Blake C, Lobinski R. 2003. Concentrations and bioavailability of cadmium and lead in cocoa powder and related products. Food Addit Contam. 20:342-352.
23. Myron DR, Zimmertman TJ, Shuleu TR, Klevay LM, Lee DE, Nielson FH. 1978. Intake of nickel and vanadium by humans. A survey of selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 31(3):527-531.
24. Naqvi II, Saeed Q, Farrukh MA. 2004. Determination of trace metals (Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ni and Mn) in selected sweets of different shop of Karachi city by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Pak J Biol Sci. 7:1355-1359.
25. Nielson FH, Flyvholm M. 1984. Risk of high nickel intake with diet. In: Nickel in Environment. Proceedings of the Joint Symposium, 8-11 March 1983. IARC Scientific Publication No. 53. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 333-338.
26. Onianwa PC, Adetola TG, Iwegbue CMA, Ojo MF, Tella OO. 1999. Trace heavy metals composition of some Nigeria beverages and food drinks. Food Chem. 66:275-279.
27. Rankin CW, Nriagu JO, Aggarwal JK, Arowolo TA, Adebayo K, Flegal AR. 2005. Lead contamination in cocoa and cocoa products: isotopic evidence of global Contamination
28. Selavpathy P, Sarala Devi G. 1995. Nickel in Indian chocolates (toffees). Indian J Environ Health. 37(2): 123-125.
29. Smart GA, Sherlock JC. 1987. Nickel in the food and diet.Food Addit Contam. 4(1):61-71.
30. Wagner HP. 1995. Determination of lead in beer using Zeeman background corrected graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. J Am Soc Brew Chem. 53:141-144.
31. WHO. 1993. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Technical Report No. 837. Geneva: World Health Organization.
32. WHO. 1996. Guidelines for drinking water quality. Health criteria and other supporting information. 2nd ed., Vol. 2. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 940-946.
33. WHO. 2001. Safety evaluation of certain food additives series 46. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive.