Inflammatory reactions and hydrocortisone in the setting of cardiac surgery: An overview

Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 56-61

  Heyn, Jens ^a   Beiras Fernandez, Andres ^a   Luchting, Benjamin ^a   Briegel, Josef ^a   Weis, Florian ^a  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Cardiac surgery; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Posttrau matic stress disorder; Systemic immune response syndrome

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; APROTININ; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CATECHOLAMINE; CORTICOSTEROID; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ETOMIDATE; FLECAINIDE; GLUCOSE; HYDROCORTISONE; IBUTILIDE; INSULIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PLACEBO; PROPAFENONE; SOTALOL;

ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; ADRENAL SUPPRESSION; ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART SURGERY; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; INFECTION COMPLICATION; LENGTH OF STAY; LOADING DRUG DOSE; PEPTIC ULCER; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; SIDE EFFECT; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INFLAMMATION;

EID: 79952720535     PISSN: 18715257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152511794182800     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Stover, E.P.; Siegel, L.C.; Parks, R.; Levin, J.; Body, S.C.; Maddi, R.; D'Ambra, M.N.; Mangano, D.T.; Spiess, B.D. Variability in transfusion practice for coronary artery bypass surgery persists despite national consensus guidelines: a 24-institution study. Institutions of the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Anesthesiology, 1998, 88(2), 327-333.
2. Mathew, J.P.; Parks, R.; Savino, J.S.; Friedman, A.S.; Koch, C.; Mangano, D.T.; Browner, W.S. Atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: predictors, outcomes, and resource utilization. MultiCenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA, 1996, 276(4), 300-306.
3. Karu, I.; Taal, G.; Zilmer, K.; Pruunsild, C.; Starkopf, J.; Zilmer, M. Inflammatory/oxidative stress during the first week after different types of cardiac surgery. Scand. Cardiovasc. J., 2010, 44(2), 119-124.
4. Borgermann, J.; Scheubel, R.J.; Simm, A.; Silber, R.E.; Friedrich, I. Inflammatory response in on-versus off-pump myocardial revascularization: is ECC really the culprit? Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 2007, 55(8), 473-480.
5. Szerafin, T.; Niederpold, T.; Mangold, A.; Hoetzenecker, K.; Hacker, S.; Roth, G.; Lichtenauer, M.; Dworschak, M.; Wolner, E.; Ankersmit, H.J. Secretion of soluble ST2 -possible explanation for systemic immunosuppression after heart surgery. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 2009, 57(1), 25-29.
6. Biglioli, P.; Cannata, A.; Alamanni, F.; Naliato, M.; Porqueddu, M.; Zanobini, M.; Tremoli, E.; Parolari, A. Biological effects of off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery surgery: focus on inflammation, hemostasis and oxidative stress. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 2003, 24(2), 260-269.
7. Sablotzki, A.; Friedrich, I.; Muhling, J.; Dehne, M.G.; Spillner, J.; Silber, R.E.; Czeslik, E. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome following cardiac surgery: different expression of proinflammatory cytokines and procalcitonin in patients with and without multiorgan dysfunctions. Perfusion, 2002, 17(2), 103-109.
8. Hamano, K.; Kawamura, T.; Gohra, H.; Katoh, T.; Fujimura, Y.; Zempo, N.; Miyamoto, M.; Tsuboi, H.; Tanimoto, Y.; Esato, K. Stress caused by minimally invasive cardiac surgery versus conventional cardiac surgery: incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. World J. Surg., 2001, 25(2), 117-121.
9. Bruins, P.; te Velthuis, H.; Yazdanbakhsh, A.P.; Jansen, P.G.; van Hardevelt, F.W.; de Beaumont, E.M.; Wildevuur, C.R.; Eijsman, L.; Trouwborst, A.; Hack, C.E. Activation of the complement system during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: postsurgery activation involves C-reactive protein and is associated with postoperative arrhythmia. Circulation, 1997, 96(10), 3542-3548.
10. Daoud, E.G.; Strickberger, S.A.; Man, K.C.; Goyal, R.; Deeb, G.M.; Bolling, S. F.; Pagani, F.D.; Bitar, C.; Meissner, M.D.; Morady, F. Preoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery. N. Engl. J. Med., 1997, 337(25), 1785-1791.
11. Parikka, H.; Toivonen, L.; Pellinen, T.; Verkkala, K.; Jarvinen, A.; Nieminen, M. S. The influence of intravenous magnesium sulphate on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery by-pass operation. Eur. Heart J., 1993, 14(2), 251-258.
12. Leitch, J.W.; Thomson, D.; Baird, D.K.; Harris, P.J. The importance of age as a predictor of atrial fibrillation and flutter after coronary artery bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1990, 100(3), 338-342.
13. Larmann, J.; Theilmeier, G. Inflammatory response to cardiac surgery: cardiopulmonary bypass versus non-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol., 2004, 18(3), 425-438.
14. Morariu, A.M.; Loef, B.G.; Aarts, L.P.; Rietman, G.W.; Rakhorst, G.; van Oeveren, W.; Epema, A.H. Dexamethasone: benefit and prejudice for patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a study on myocardial, pulmonary, renal, intestinal, and hepatic injury. Chest, 2005, 128(5), 2677-2687.
15. Kilger, E.; Weis, F.; Briegel, J.; Frey, L.; Goetz, A.E.; Reuter, D.; Nagy, A.; Schuetz, A.; Lamm, P.; Knoll, A.; Peter, K. Stress doses of hydrocortisone reduce severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome and improve early outcome in a risk group of patients after cardiac surgery. Crit. Care Med., 2003, 31(4), 1068-1074.
16. Boeken, U.; Feindt, P.; Mohan, E.; Zimmermann, N.; Micek, M.; Kalweit, G.; Gams, E. Post-perfusion syndrome and disturbed microcirculation after cardiac surgery: the role of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1999, 47(6), 347-351.
17. Licker, M.; Neidhart, P.; Lustenberger, S.; Valloton, M.B.; Kalonji, T.; Fathi, M.; Morel, D.R. Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment attenuates adrenergic responsiveness without altering hemodynamic control in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology, 1996, 84(4), 789-800.
18. Félétou, M., Teisseire, B. Converting enzyme inhibition in isolated porcine resistance artery potentiates bradykinin relaxation. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1990, 190(1-2), 159-166.
19. Suleiman, M.S.; Zacharowski, K.; Angelini, G.D. Inflammatory response and cardioprotection during open-heart surgery: the importance of anaesthetics. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 153(1), 21-33.
20. Parolari, A.; Camera, M.; Alamanni, F.; Naliato, M.; Polvani, G.L.; Agrifoglio, M.; Brambilla, M.; Biancardi, C.; Mussoni, L.; Biglioli, P.; Tremoli, E. Systemic inflammation after on-pump and off-pump coronary bypass surgery: a one-month follow-up. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2007, 84(3), 823-828.
21. Rubens, F.D.; Mesana, T. The inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: a therapeutic overview. Perfusion, 2004, 19(Suppl 1), S5-S12.
22. Chaney, M.A. Corticosteroids and cardiopulmonary bypass: a review of clinical investigations. Chest, 2002, 121(3), 921-931.
23. Weis, F.; Kilger, E.; Roozendaal, B.; de Quervain, D.J.; Lamm, P.; Schmidt, M.; Schmolz, M.; Briegel, J.; Schelling, G. Stress doses of hydrocortisone reduce chronic stress symptoms and improve health-related quality of life in high-risk patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized study. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 2006, 131(2),277-282.
24. Marik, P.E.; Pastores, S.M.; Annane, D.; Meduri, G.U.; Sprung, C.L.; Arlt, W.; Keh, D.; Briegel, J.; Beishuizen, A.; Dimopoulou, I.; Tsagarakis, S.; Singer, M.; Chrousos, G.P.; Zaloga, G.; Bokhari, F.; Vogeser, M. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit. Care Med., 2008, 36(6), 1937-1949.
25. Cotton, B.A.; Guillamondegui, O.D.; Fleming, S.B.; Carpenter, R.O.; Patel, S. H.; Morris, J.A. Jr.; Arbogast, P.G. Increased risk of adrenal insufficiency following etomidate exposure in critically injured patients. Arch. Surg., 2008, 143(1), 62-67.
26. Dietzman, R.H.; Lunseth, J.B.; Goott, B.; Berger, E.C. The use of methylprednisolone during cardiopulmonary bypass. A review of 427 cases. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1975, 69(6), 870-873.
27. Hoda, M.R.; El-Achkar, H.; Schmitz, E.; Scheffold, T.; Vetter, H.O.; De Simone, R. Systemic stress hormone response in patients undergoing open heart surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2006, 82(6), 2179-2186.
28. Ho, K.M.; Tan, J.A. Benefits and risks of corticosteroid prophylaxis in adult cardiac surgery: a dose-response meta-analysis. Circulation, 2009, 119(14), 1853-1866.
29. Lahtinen, J.; Biancari, F.; Salmela, E.; Mosorin, M.; Satta, J.; Rainio, P.; Rimpilainen, J.; Lepojarvi, M.; Juvonen, T. Postoperative atrial fibrillation is a major cause of stroke after on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2004, 77(4), 1241-1244.
30. Wan, S.; Izzat, M.B.; Lee, T.W.; Wan, I.Y.; Tang, N.L.; Yim, A.P. Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass in multivessel CABG reduces cytokine response and myocardial injury. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1999, 68(1), 52-56.
31. Marik, P.E.; Fromm, R. The efficacy and dosage effect of corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. J. Crit. Care, 2009, 24(3), 458-463.
32. Prasongsukarn, K.; Abel, J.G.; Jamieson, W.R.; Cheung, A.; Russell, J.A.; Walley, K.R.; Lichtenstein, S.V. The effects of steroids on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a prospective randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 2005, 130(1), 93-98.
33. Halonen, J.; Halonen, P.; Jarvinen, O.; Taskinen, P.; Auvinen, T.; Tarkka, M.; Hippelainen, M.; Juvonen, T.; Hartikainen, J.; Hakala, T. Corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2007, 297(14), 1562-1567.
34. Aslam, A.K.; Vasavada, B.C.; Sacchi, T.J.; Khan, I.A. Atrial fibrillation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and use of methylprednisolone. Am. J. Ther., 2001, 8(4), 303-305.
35. Barnes, P.J. How corticosteroids control inflammation: Quintiles Prize Lecture 2005. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 148(3), 245-254.
36. McLuckie, A.E.; Savage, R.W. Atrial fibrillation following pulse methylprednisolone therapy in an adult. Chest, 1993,104(2), 622-623.
37. Yared, J.P.; Starr, N.J.; Torres, F.K.; Bashour, C.A.; Bourdakos, G.; Piedmonte, M.; Michener, J.A.; Davis, J.A.; Rosenberger, T.E. Effects of single dose, postinduction dexamethasone on recovery after cardiac surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2000, 69(5), 1420-1424.
38. Yared, J.P.; Bakri, M.H.; Erzurum, S.C.; Moravec, C.S.; Lask-owski, D.M.; Van Wagoner, D.R.; Mascha, E.; Thornton, J. Effect of dexamethasone on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth., 2007, 21(1), 68-75.
39. Weis, F.; Beiras-Fernandez, A.; Schelling, G.; Briegel, J.; Lang, P.; Hauer, D.; Kreth, S.; Kaufmann, I.; Lamm, P.; Kilger, E. Stress doses of hydrocortisone in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery: effects on interleukin-6 to interleukin-10 ratio and early outcome. Crit. Care Med., 2009, 37(5), 1685-1690.
40. Chaney, M.A.; Nikolov, M.P.; Blakeman, B.; Bakhos, M.; Slogoff, S. Pulmonary effects of methylprednisolone in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and early tracheal extubation. Anesth. Analg., 1998, 87(1), 27-33.
41. Ando, M.; Park, I.S.; Wada, N.; Takahashi, Y. Steroid supplementation: a legitimate pharmacotherapy after neonatal open heart surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2005, 80(5), 1672-1678.
42. Chaney, M.A.; Nikolov, M.P.; Blakeman, B.P.; Bakhos, M., Slogoff, S. Hemodynamic effects of methylprednisolone in patients undergoing cardiac operation and early extubation. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1999, 67(4), 1006-1011.
43. Halvorsen, P.; Raeder, J.; White, P.F.; Almdahl, S.M.; Nordstrand, K.; Saatvedt, K.; Veel, T. The effect of dexamethasone on side effects after coronary revascularization procedures. Anesth. Analg., 2003, 96(6), 1578-1583.