Grey water treatment systems: A review

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 41, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 657-698

  Ghunmi, Lina Abu ^a,b   Zeeman, Grietje ^b   Fayyad, Manar ^a   Van Lier, Jules B ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN   (Jordan)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

biological; chemical; grey water; physical; reuse; standards; treatment technologies

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL; GREY WATER; PHYSICAL; REUSE; TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES;

EFFLUENT TREATMENT; EFFLUENTS; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PARTICLE SIZE; STANDARDS; WASTEWATER RECLAMATION; WATER CONSERVATION;

CHEMICALS REMOVAL (WATER TREATMENT);

ORGANIC MATTER;

LITERATURE REVIEW; MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC MATTER; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; RECYCLING; STANDARD (REGULATION); WASTEWATER; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT;

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; BIOFILTER; COLLOID; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DISINFECTION; EFFLUENT; EFFLUENT STANDARD; FILTER; FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR; GREY WATER TREATMENT; MEMBRANE REACTOR; PARTICLE SIZE; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; RECYCLING; REVIEW; SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR; SOIL; STANDARD; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; WASTE COMPONENT REMOVAL; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER POLLUTION; WATER QUALITY;

EID: 79952657751     PISSN: 10643389     EISSN: 15476537     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10643380903048443     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Abu Ghunmi, L., Zeeman, G., van Lier, J., and Fayyad, M. (2008). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grey water for reuse requirements and treatment alternatives: The case of Jordan. Water Sci. Technol., 58, 1385-1396.
2. Ahn, K., Song, J., and Cha, H. (1998). Application of tubular ceramic membranes for reuse of wastewater from buildings. Water Sci. and Technol., 38, 373-382.
3. Akunna J., and Shepherd, W. (2001) Comparison of RBC and SBR systems for the treatment of sewage from small communities. Water and Environment Journal, 15, 147-151. (Pubitemid 33669529)
4. Al-Jayyousi, O. (2002). Focused environmental assessment of grey water reuse in Jordan. Environ Eng Policy, 3, 67-73.
5. Al-Jayyousi, O. (2003). Grey water reuse: Towards sustainable water management. Desalination, 156, 181-192.
6. Andersen, M., Kristensen, G., Brynjolf, M., and Grüttner, H. (2002). Pilot-scale testing membrane bioreactor for wastewater reclamation in industrial laundry. Water Sci., and Technol., 46(4-5), 67-76.
7. Arnell, N. (1999). Climate change and global water resources. Global Environmental Change, 9(1), 31-49.
8. Bingley, E. (1996). Grey water reuse proposal in relation to the Palmyra Project. Desalination, 106, 371-375.
9. Bouwer, H. (2000). Integrated water management: Emerging issues and challenges. Agricultural Water Management, 45, 217-228.
10. Burrows, W., Schmidt, O., Carnevale, M., and Schaub, S. (1991). Nonpotable reuse: Development of health criteria and technologies for shower water recycle. Water. Sci. Technol., 24(9), 81-88.
11. Butler, D., Friedler, E., and Gatt, K. (1995). Characterizing the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater inflow. Water Sci.Water Sci., 31(7), 13-24.
12. China. (2002). The reuse of urban recycling water-water quality standard for urban miscellaneous water consumption. GB/T 18920-2002. http://www. wastewater.cn19-1-2009 (accessed January 6, 2011).
13. Christova-Boal, D., Eden, R., and McFarlane, S. (1995). An investigation into grey water reuse for urban residential properties. Desalination, 106, 391-397.
14. Crook, J. (1991). Quality criteria for reclaimed water. Water Sci. Technol., 24(9), 109-115.
15. Cui, F., and Ren, G. (2005, May). Pilot study of process of bathing wastewater treatment for reuse. Paper presented at 2005 IWA conference: Future of Urban Wastewater system-Decentralization and Reuse, Xi'an, China.
16. Dallas, S., and Ho, G. (2005). Subsurface flow reedbeds using alternative media for the treatment of domestic grey water in Monteverde, Costa Rica, Central America. Water Sci. Technol., 51(10), 119-128.
17. Diaper, C., Dixon, A., Bulter, D., Fewkes, A., Parsons, S. A., Strathern, M., Stephenson, T., and Stutt, J. (2001). Small scale water recycling systems-risk assessment and modelling. Water Sci. Technol., 34(10), 83-90.
18. Dixon A., Butler, D., Fewkes, A., and Robinson, M. (1999). Measurement and modelling of quality changes in stored untreated grey water. Urban Water, 1, 293-306.
19. Elmitwalli, T., and Otterpohl, R. (2007). Anaerobic biodegradability and treatment of grey water in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Water Research, 41, 1379-1387.
20. Eriksson, E., Auffarth, K., Henze, M., and Ledin A. (2002). Characteristics of grey water. Urban Water, 4, 85-104.
21. Falkenmark, M. (1990). Global water issues confronting humanity. Journal of Peace and Research, 27, 177-190.
22. Fittschen I., and Niemczynowicz, J. (1997). Experiences with dry sanitation and grey water treatment in the ecovillage Toarp, Sweden. Water Sci. Technol., 35(9), 161-170. (Pubitemid 27315420)
23. Fletcher, H., and Judd, M. (2007). The cost of a package plant membrane bioreactor. Water Research, 41, 2627-2635. (Pubitemid 46770821)
24. Friedler, E., and Hadari, M. (2006). Economic feasibility of on-site grey water reuse multistory buildings. Desalination, 190, 221-234.
25. Friedler, E., Kovalio, R., and Galil, N. (2005). On-site grey water treatment and reuse in multistory buildings. Water Sci. Technol., 51(10), 187-194.
26. Friedler, E., Kovalio, R., and Ben-Zvi, A. (2006). Comparative study of the microbial quality of grey water treated by three on-site treatment systems. Environmental Technology, 27, 653-663. (Pubitemid 44018411)
27. Garcia, M., Campos, E., Sanchez-Leal, J., and Bibosa, I. (1999). Effect of the alkyl chain length on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of quaternary ammonium based surfactants. Chemosphere, 38, 3413-3483.
28. Gross, A., Kaplan, D., and Bake, K. (2007a) Removal of chemical and microbiological contaminants from domestic grey water using a recycled vertical flow bioreactor (RVFB). Ecological Engineering, 31, 107-114.
29. Gross, A., Shmueli, O., Ronen, Z., and Raveh E. (2007b). Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland (RVFCW)-a novel method of recycling grey water for irrigation in small communities and households. Chemosphere, 66, 916-923. (Pubitemid 44792189)
30. Gulyas, H., and Raj Gajurel, D. (2004). Ecological sanitation. E-Learning Course funded by EMWATER-EU project: Efficient Management of wastewater. Hamburg, Germany: Institute of Wastewater Management Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg, Germany. Module C. http://www.emwater.org/activities/e- learning.htm (accessed September, 16 2008).
31. Hegemann, W. (1993). Project C2-wastewater treatment. In: Integrated approach to water in Berlins Kreuzberg district, block 6 Project documentation and results of research phase II (1990-1993). Prepared on behalf of the Senate Department for Construction and Housing, Berlin (Unpublished data), (cited by Nolde, 1999).
32. Hernandez, L., Zeeman, G., Temmink, H., and Buisman, C. (2007). Characterization and biological treatment of grey water. Water Sci. Technol., 56, 193-200.
33. Hernandez, L., Zeeman, G., Temmink, H., Marques, A., and Buisman, C. (2008, May). Comparison of three systems for biological grey water treatment. Paper presented at IWA Conference on Sanitation Challenges, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
34. Hills, S., Smith, P., Hardy, P., and Briks, R. (2001). Water recycling at the millennium dome. Water Sci. Technol., 43, 287-294.
35. Holden, B., and Ward, M. (1999, December). An overview of domestic and commercial re-use of water. Paper presented at the IQPC conference on water recycling an effluent reuse, Copthrone Effingham Park, London, England.
36. Imura, M., Sato, Y., Inamori, Y., and Sudo, R. (1995). Development of a high efficiency household biofilm reactor. Water Sci. Technol., 31(9), 163-171.
37. Itayama, T., Kiji, M., Suetsugu, A., Tanaka, N., and Saito, T. (2006). On site experiments of the slanted soil treatment systems for domestic grey water. Water Sci. Technol., 53, 193-201.
38. Jefferson, B., Laine, A., Parsons, S., Stephenson, T., and Judd, S. (1999). Technologies for domestic wastewater recycling. Urban Water, 1, 285-292.
39. Jefferson, B., Laine, A., Parsons, S., Stephenson, T., and Judd, S. (2000). Membrane bioreactors and their role in wastewater reuse. Water Sci. Technol., 41, 197-204.
40. Jefferson, B., Laine, A., Parsons, S., Stephenson, T., and Judd, S. (2001). Advanced biological unit processes for domestic water recycling. Water Sci. Technol., 43, 211-218.
41. Jefferson, B., Palmer, A., Jeffrey, P., Stuetz, R., and Judd, S. (2004). Grey water characterization and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse. Water Sci. Technol., 50, 157-164.
42. Jordanian Ministry of Water. (2000). Jordanian standards for reuse reclaimed wastewaters JS893 (JSRRW). Amman, Jordan: Jordanian Ministry of Water.
43. Kayaalp, N. (1996). Regulatory framework in south Australia and reclaimed water reuse options and possibilities. Desalination, 106, 317-322.
44. Kujawa-Roeleveld, K., and Zeeman, G. (2006). Anaerobic treatment in decentralised and source-separation-based sanitation concepts. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technolog., 5(1), 15-139.
45. Lesjean, B., and Gnirss, R. (2006). Grey water treamtne with a membrane bioreactor operated at low SRT and HRT. Desalination, 199, 432-334.
46. Lettinga, G., van Velsin, A., Hobma, S., De Zeeuw, W., and Klapwijk, A. (1980). Use of upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 22, 699-734.
47. 2-based photocatalytic oxidation for suburban and rural areas without sewer system. Water Sci. Technol., 48(11-12), 101-106.
48. Matthew, J., and Malcolm, N. (2000). Review: The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1508, 235-251.
49. Melin T., Jefferson, B., Bixio, D., Thoeye, C., De Wilde, W., De Koning, J., Van Der Graaf, J., and Wintgens, T. (2006). Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. Desalination, 187, 271-282. (Pubitemid 43137456)
50. Merz, C., Scheumann, R., El Hamouri B., and Kraume M. (2007). Membrane bioreactor technology for the treatment of grey water from a sports and leisure club. Desalination, 215(1-3) 37-43. (Pubitemid 47278934)
51. Metcalf & Edd. (2003). Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal, reuse. 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
52. Nghiem L., Oschmann, N., and Schäfer, A. (2006). Fouling in grey water recycling by direct ultrafiltration. Desalination, 187(1-3), 183-290.
53. Nolde, E. (1999). Grey water reuse systems for toilet flushing in multistory buildings over ten years experience in Berlin. Urban Water, 1, 275-284.
54. Nolde, E., and Dott, W. (1992). Experimental housing and urban planning research concept block 103-gray water projects in Berlin-Kreuzberg, Prepared on behalf of the Senate Department for Constructing and Housing, Berlin (Unpublished data), (cited by Nolde, 1999).
55. Ogoshi, M., Suzuki, Y., and Asano, T. (2001). Water reuse in Japan. Water Sci. Technol., 43(10), 17-23.
56. Okun, D. (2000). Water reclamation and unrestricted non potable reuse: A new tool in urban water management. Annual Review Public Health, 21, 223-45.
57. Otterpohl, R., Albold, A., and Oldenburg, M. (1999). Source control in urban sanitation and waste management: Ten systems with reuse of resources. Water Sci. Technol., 39, 153-160.
58. Otterpohl, R., Braun, U., and Oldenburg, M. (2003). Innovative technologies for decentralized water and wastewater and biowaste management in urban and preurban areas. Water Sci. Technol., 48(11-12), 23-32.
59. Parker, J., and Frost, S. (2000). Environmental health aspects of coastal bathing water standards in the UK. Environmental Management and Health, 11, 447-454. http://www.mcbup.com/research-registers/emh.asp(accessedJanuary19,2009) .
60. Pidou, M., Memon, F., Stephenson, T., Jefferson, B., and Jeffrey, P. (2007). Grey water recycling: Treatment options and applications. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Engineering Sustainability, 160, 119-131. (Pubitemid 350119712)
61. Ramon, G., Green, M., Semiat, R., and Dosortez, C. (2004). Low strength grey water characterization and treatment by direct membrane filtration. Desalination, 170, 241-250. (Pubitemid 40102396)
62. Rivero, M., Parsons, S., Jeffrey, P., Pidou, M., and Jefferson, B. (2006). Membrane Chemical Reactor (MCR) combining photoctalysis and microfiltration for grey water treatment. Water Sci. Technol., 53, 173-180.
63. Rose, J., Sun, G., Gerba, C., and Sinclair, N. (1991). Microbial quality and persistence of enteric pathogens in grey water from various household sources. Water Research, 25(1), 37-42.
64. Shin, H., Lee, S., Seo, S., Kim, G., Lim, K., and Song, J. (1998). Pilot-Scale SBR and MF operation for the removal of organic compounds form grey water. Water Sci. Technol., 38(6), 79-88.
65. Shrestha, R., Haberl, R., and Laber, J. (2001a). Construed wetlands technology transfer to Nepal. Water Sci. Technol., 43, 345-350.
66. Shrestha, R., Haberl, R., Laber, J., Manandhar, R., and Mader. J. (2001b). Application of construed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Nepal. Water Sci. Technol., 44, 381-386.
67. Siegrist, H., Witt, M., and Boyle, W. (1976). Characteristics of rural household wastewater. Environmental Engineering Division, 102(EE3), 533-548.
68. Surendran, S., and Wheatley, A. (1999, April). Grey and roof water reclamation at large institutions - Loughborough experiences. Paper presented at Water Recycling and Effluent Re-Use Conference. London, England.
69. Tandukar, M., Ohashi, A., and Harada, H. (2007). Performance comparison of a pilotscale UASB and DHS system and activated sludge process for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Water Research, 41, 2697-2705. (Pubitemid 46770826)
70. Tay, J.-H., and Chui, P.-C. (1991). Reclaimed wastewater for industrial application. Water Sci. Technol., 24, 153-160.
71. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2004). Guidelines for water reuse. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPA/625/R-04/108/September- 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/ ORD/NRMRL/pubs/625r04108/625r04108.pdf (accessed January 19, 2009).
72. Winward, G., Avery, L., Frazer-Williams, R., Pidou, M., Jeffrey, P., Stephenson, T., and Jefferson, B. (2008). A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse. Ecological Engineering, 32, 187-197.
73. World Health Organization. (2001). Water quality: Guidelines, standards and health. http://www.who.int/water sanitation health/dwq/iwachap2.pdf (accessed January 19, 2009).
74. World Health Organziation. (2006). Guidelines for the safe sue of wastewater, excreta and grey water. Volume 4: Excreta and grey water use in agriculture. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization Press.
75. Zeeman, G., Kujawa, K., de Mes, T., Hernandez, L., de Graff, M., Abu Ghunmi, L., Mels, A., Meulman, B., Temmink, H., Buisman, C., van Lier, J., and Lettinga, G. (2008). Anaerobic treatment as a core technology for energy, nutrients and water recovery from source-separated domestic waste(water). Water Sci. Technol., 57, 1207-1212. (Pubitemid 351720413)
76. Zeeman, G., and Lettinga, G. (1999). The role of anaerobic digestion of domestic sewage closing the water and nutrients cycle at community level. Water Sci., and Technol., 39, 187-194. (Pubitemid 29149778)