A reversibly tunable photonic crystal nanocavity laser using photochromic thin film

Optics Express

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 5551-5558

  Sridharan, Deepak ^a,b   Bose, Ranojoy ^a,b   Kim, Hyochul ^a,b   Solomon, Glenn S ^b   Waks, Edo ^a,b  

^a The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHROMOGENICS; DEPOSITION; INDIUM ARSENIDE; PHOTOCHROMISM; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; THIN FILMS;

COUPLING FACTOR; HIGH DENSITY; NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTH; PHOTO-CHROMIC MATERIALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CAVITIES; QUANTUM DOT; THIN LAYERS; TUNABLE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; WAVELENGTH RANGES;

QUANTUM DOT LASERS;

EID: 79952601807     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.005551     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. F. Xia, L. Sekaric, and Y. Vlasov, "Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip", Nat. Photonics 1(1), 65-71 (2007).
2. M. Notomi, E. Kuramochi, and T. Tanabe, "Large-scale arrays of ultrahigh-Q coupled nanocavities", Nat. Photonics 2(12), 741-747 (2008).
3. S. Noda, "Applied physics. Seeking the ultimate nanolaser", Science 314(5797), 260-261 (2006). (Pubitemid 44571960)
4. T. Ishihara, Y. Ikemoto, T. Goto, A. Tsujimura, K. Ohkawa, and T. Mitsuyu, "Optical gain in an inhomogeneously broadened exciton system", J. Lumin. 58 (1-6), 241-243 (1994).
5. T. B. Norris, K. Kim, J. Urayama, Z. K. Wu, J. Singh, and P. K. Bhattacharya, "Density and temperature dependence of carrier dynamics in self-organized InGaAs quantum dots", J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2077-2087 (2005). (Pubitemid 40872091)
6. J. Johansen, S. Stobbe, I. S. Nikolaev, T. L. Hansen, P. T. Kristensen, J. M. Hvam, W. L. Vos, and P. Lodahl, "Quantum efficiency of self-assembled quantum dots determined by a modified optical local density of states", in Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 2007. QELS'07 (2008), pp. 1-2.
7. J. Johansen, S. Stobbe, I. S. Nikolaev, T. Lund-Hansen, P. T. Kristensen, J. M. Hvam, W. L. Vos, and P. Lodahl, "Size dependence of the wavefunction of self-assembled InAs quantum dots from time-resolved optical measurements", Phys. Rev. B 77(7), 073303(2008).
8. O. Painter, R. K. Lee, A. Scherer, A. Yariv, J. D. O'Brien, P. D. Dapkus, and I. Kim I, "Two-dimensional photonic band-Gap defect mode laser", Science 284(5421), 1819-1821 (1999).
9. T. Yoshie, O. B. Shchekin, H. Chen, D. G. Deppe, and A. Scherer, "Quantum dot photonic crystal lasers", Electron. Lett. 38(17), 967-968 (2002). (Pubitemid 35009288)
10. H. Altug and J. Vučković, "Photonic crystal nanocavity array laser", Phys. Lett. 81, 2680-2682 (2002).
11. S. Strauf, K. Hennessy, M. T. Rakher, Y. S. Choi, A. Badolato, L. C. Andreani, E. L. Hu, P. M. Petroff, and D. Bouwmeester, "Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(12), 127404(2006).
12. M. Nomura, S. Iwamoto, K. Watanabe, N. Kumagai, Y. Nakata, S. Ishida, and Y. Arakawa, "Room temperature continuous-wave lasing in photonic crystal nanocavity", Electron. Lett. 38, 967-968 (2002).
13. Y. Gong, B. Ellis, G. Shambat, T. Sarmiento, J. S. Harris, and J. Vuckovic, "Nanobeam photonic crystal cavity quantum dot laser", Opt. Express 18(9), 8781-8789 (2010).
14. B. Ellis, I. Fushman, D. Englund, B. Zhang, Y. Yamamoto, and J. Vučković, "Dynamics of quantum dot photonic crystal lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(15), 151102(2007).
15. Y. Zhang, M. Khan, Y. Huang, J. Ryou, P. Deotare, R. Dupuis, and M. Lončar, "Photonic crystal nanobeam lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(5), 051104(2010).
16. J. Hendrickson, B. C. Richards, J. Sweet, S. Mosor, C. Christenson, D. Lam, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, O. Shchekin, and D. Deppe, "Quantum dot photonic-crystal-slab nanocavities: Quality factors and lasing", Phys. Rev. B 72(19), 193303(2005).
17. K. A. Atlasov, M. Calic, K. F. Karlsson, P. Gallo, A. Rudra, B. Dwir, and E. Kapon, "Photonic-crystal microcavity laser with site-controlled quantum-wire active medium", Opt. Express 17(20), 18178-18183 (2009).
18. M. Nomura, N. Kumagai, S. Iwamoto, Y. Ota, and Y. Arakawa, "Laser oscillation in a strongly coupled singlequantum-dot-nanocavity system", Nat. Phys. 6(4), 279-283 (2010).
19. T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, "Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity", Nature 432(7014), 200-203 (2004). (Pubitemid 39549307)
20. S. Mosor, J. Hendrickson, B. C. Richards, J. Sweet, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, "Scanning a photonic crystal slab nanocavity by condensation of xenon", Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(14), 141105(2005).
21. A. Faraon and J. Vučković, "Local temperature control of photonic crystal devices via micron-scale electrical heaters", Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(4), 043102(2009).
22. A. Faraon, D. Englund, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, B. J. Eggleton, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vučković, "Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses", Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043123(2008).
23. B. Maune, M. Lončar, J. Witzens, M. Hochberg, T. Baehr-Jones, D. Psaltis, A. Scherer, and Y. Qiu, "Liquidcrystal electric tuning of a photonic crystal laser", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(3), 360(2004).
24. D. Sridharan, E. Waks, G. Solomon, and J. T. Fourkas, "Reversible tuning of photonic crystal cavities using photochromic thin films", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(15), 153303(2010).
25. Y. Akahane, T. Asano, B. S. Song, and S. Noda, "Fine-tuned high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavity", Opt. Express 13(4), 1202-1214 (2005). (Pubitemid 40334848)
26. G. Björk, A. Karlsson, and Y. Yamamoto, "On the linewidth of microcavity lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 60(3), 304-306 (2009).
27. R. Hui, S. Benedetto, and I. Montrosset, "Near threshold operation of semiconductor lasers and resonant-type laser amplifiers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(6), 1488-1497 (2002).
28. M. Bagheri, M. H. Shih, S. J. Choi, J. D. O'Brien, and P. D. Dapkus, "Microcavity Laser Linewidth Close to Threshold", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45(8), 945-949 (2009).
29. K. Tanabe, M. Nomura, D. Guimard, S. Iwamoto, and Y. Arakawa, "Room temperature continuous wave operation of InAs/GaAs quantum dot photonic crystal nanocavity laser on silicon substrate", Opt. Express 17(9), 7036-7042 (2009).
30. M. Nomura, S. Iwamoto, A. Tandaechanurat, Y. Ota, N. Kumagai, and Y. Arakawa, "Photonic band-edge micro lasers with quantum dot gain", Opt. Express 17(2), 640-648 (2009).
31. G. Bjork and Y. Yamamoto, "Analysis of semiconductor microcavity lasers using rate equations", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(11), 2386-2396 (2002).
32. H. Kim, M. T. Rakher, D. Bouwmeester, and P. M. Petroff, "Electrically pumped quantum post vertical cavity surface emitting lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 131104(2009).
33. F. Raineri, C. Cojocaru, R. Raj, P. Monnier, A. Levenson, C. Seassal, X. Letartre, and P. Viktorovitch, "Tuning a two-dimensional photonic crystal resonance via optical carrier injection", Opt. Lett. 30(1), 64-66 (2005). (Pubitemid 40120880)
34. P. Borri, W. Langbein, S. Schneider, U. Woggon, R. L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, and D. Bimberg, "Ultralong dephasing time in InGaAs quantum dots", Phys. Rev. Lett. 87(15), 157401(2001).
35. T. Ide, T. Baba, J. Tatebayashi, S. Iwamoto, T. Nakaoka, and Y. Arakawa, "Lasing characteristics of InAs quantum-dot microdisk from 3 K to room temperature", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(8), 1326(2004).
36. G. Berkovic, V. Krongauz, and V. Weiss, "Spiropyrans and spirooxazines for memories and switches", Chem. Rev. 100(5), 1741-1754 (2000).
37. J. Buback, M. Kullmann, F. Langhojer, P. Nuernberger, R. Schmidt, F. Würthner, and T. Brixner, "Ultrafast bidirectional photoswitching of a spiropyran", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(46), 16510-16519 (2010).
38. N. P. Ernsting, B. Dick, and T. Arthen-Engeland, "The primary photochemical reaction step of unsubstituted indolino-spiropyrans", Pure Appl. Chem. 62(8), 1483-1488 (1990).
39. R. C. Bertelson, in: Photochromism, G. H. Brown (Ed.). Wilev-Interscience, New York p 45(1969).
40. K. Uchida, T. Ishikawa, M. Takeshita, and M. Irie, "Thermally irreversible photochromic systems. Reversible photocyclization of 1, 2-bis (thiazolyl) perfluorocyclopentenes", Tetrahedron 54(24), 6627-6638 (1998). (Pubitemid 28261078)
41. M. Irie, T. Lifka, K. Uchida, S. Kobatake, and Y. Shindo, "Fatigue resistant properties of photochromic dithienylethenes: by-product formation", Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 8(8), 747-750 (1999).