Neoproterozoic palaeogeography in the North Atlantic Region: Inferences from the Akkajaure and Seve Nappes of the Scandinavian Caledonides

Precambrian Research

Volumn 186, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 127-146

  Kirkland, C L ^a   Bingen, B ^b   Whitehouse, M J ^c   Beyer, E ^d   Griffin, W L ^e  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

^c SWEDISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Sweden)

^d Northern Territory Geological Survey   (Australia)

^e MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Caledonides; Provenance; Seve; Sm Nd; U Pb; Zircon

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL MARGIN; METASEDIMENT; MICROPLATE; ORDOVICIAN; ORTHOGNEISS; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PROTEROZOIC; PROVENANCE; RIFTING; SAMARIUM-NEODYMIUM DATING; SEDIMENTATION; URANIUM-LEAD DATING;

ARCTIC; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); CALEDONIDES; GREENLAND; SCANDINAVIA; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 79952585522     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.010     Document Type: Article

References (148)

1. Åhäll K.I., Connelly J.N. Long-term convergence along SW Fennoscandia: 330m.y. of Proterozoic crustal growth. Precambrian Research 2008, 161:452-474.
2. Andersen T, Griffin W.L., Jackson S.E., Knudsen T.L., Pearson N.J. Mid-Proterozoic magmatic arc evolution at the southwest margin of the Baltic Shield. Lithos 2004, 73:289-318.
3. Andersen T., Griffin W.L., Pearson N.J. Crustal evolution in the SW part of the Baltic Shield: the Hf isotope evidence. Journal of Petrology 2002, 43:1725-1747.
4. Andersen T.B., Skjerlie K.P., Furnes H. The Sunnfjord Melange, evidence of Silurian ophiolite accretion in the West Norwegian Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society 1990, 147:59-68.
5. Andersson J, Möller C., Johansson L. Zircon geochronology of migmatite gneisses along the Mylonite Zone (S. Sweden): a major Sveconorwegian terrane boundary in the Baltic Shield. Precambrian Research 2002, 114:121-147.
6. Andersson U.B., Högdahl K., Sjöström H., Bergman S. Magmatic, detrital, and metamorphic ages in metamorphic rocks from south-central Sweden, Abstract, 26th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, Uppsala. GFF 2004, 126:16-17.
7. Andréasson P.G. The Baltoscandian margin in neoproterozoic-early palaeozoic times. Some constraints on terrane derivation and accretion in the Arctic Scandinavian Caledonides. Tectonophysics 1994, 231:1-32.
8. Appelquist, K., 2010. Proterozoic Crustal Evolution in Southcentral Fennoscandia, University of Gothenburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Doctoral Thesis A130. ISBN 978-91-628r-r7906-8.
9. Arnbom J.O. Metamorphism of the Seve Nappes at Åreskutan Swedish Caledonides. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 1980, 102:359-371.
10. Arndt N.T., Goldstein S.L. Use and abuse of crust-formation ages. Geology 1987, 15:893-895.
11. Baker J.H., Hellingwerf R.H., Oen I.S. Structure, stratigraphy, and ore-forming processes in Bergslagen: implications for the development of the Svecofennian of the Baltic shield. Geologie en Mijnbouw 1988, 67:121-138.
12. Banks N. Trace fossils in the Halkkavarre section of the Dividal Group (?late Precambrian-Lower Cambrian) Finnmark. Norges Geol. Unders 1973, 288:1-6.
13. Belousova E.A., Griffin W.L., Shee S.R., Jackson S.E., O'Reilly S.Y. Two age populations of zircons from the Timber Creek kimberlites, Northern Territory, as determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS analysis. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2001, 48:757-765.
14. Bergman S, Kübler L., Martinsson O. Description of regional geological and geophysical maps of northern Norrbotten county (east of the Caledonian orogen). Geological Survey of Sweden Ba 2001, 56. p. 110.
15. Bergman S., Sjostrom H. Accretion and lateral extension in an orogenic wedge: evidence from a segment of the Seve-Koli terrane boundary, central Scandinavian Caledonides. Journal of Structural Geology 1997, 19:1073-1091.
16. Berry R.F., Jenner G.A., Meffre S., Tubrett M.N. A North American provenance for Neoproterozoic to Cambrian sandstones in Tasmania?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 192:207-222.
17. Bingen B., Andersson J., Söderlund U., Möller C. The Mesoproterozoic in the Nordic countries. Episodes 2008, 31:29-34.
18. Bingen B., Davis W.J., Austrheim H. Zircon U-Pb geochronology in the Bergen Arc eclogites and their Proterozoic protoliths, and implications for the pre-Scandian evolution of the Caledonides in western Norway. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2001, 113:640-649.
19. Bingen B., Demaiffe D., Van Breemen O. The 616 Ma old Egersund basaltic dike swarm SW Norway, and Late Neoproterozoic opening of the Iapetus Ocean. Journal of Geology 1998, 106:565-574.
20. Bingen B., Griffin W.L., Torsvik T.H., Saeed A. Timing of Late Neoproterozoic glaciation on Baltica constrained by detrital zircon geochronology in the Hedmark Group, south-east Norway. Terra Nova 2005, 17:250-258.
21. Bingen, B., Griffin, W.L., and Saeed, A., 2009. Abstract. Recycling of the Sveconorwegian orogen: detrital zircon data from the Lower, Middle Allochthons of the Scandinavian Caledonides. In: Tait, J. (Ed.), Geological Society of London, Fermor meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland.
22. Bingen B., Nordgulen Ø., Viola G. A four-phase model for the Sveconorwegian orogeny SW Scandinavia. Norwegian Journal of Geology 2008, 88:43-72.
23. Bingen B., Solli A. Geochronology of magmatism in the Caledonian and Sveconorwegian belts of Baltica: synopsis for detrital zircon provenance studies. Norwegian Journal of Geology 2009, 89:267-290.
24. Bingen B., Stein H.J., Bogaerts M., Bolle O., Mansfeld J. Molybdenite Re-Os dating constrains gravitational collapse of the Sveconorwegian orogen SW Scandinavia. Lithos 2006, 87:328-346.
25. Bingen B., van Breemen O. Tectonic regimes and terrane boundaries in the high-grade Sveconorwegian belt of SW Norway, inferred from U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemical signature of augen gneiss suites. Journal of the Geological Society, London 1998, 155:143-154.
26. Björklund L The Middle and Lower Allochthons in the Akkajaure-Tysfjord Area, northern Scandinavian Caledonides. The Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas 1985, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 515-528. D. Gee, B. Sturt (Eds.).
27. Björklund, L., 1989. Geology of the Akkajaure-Tysfjord-Lofoten traverse N. Scandinavian Caledonides, PhD Thesis. University of Technology and University of Göteborg, Chalmers, 214 p.
28. Bogdanova S.V., Bingen B., Gorbatschev R., Kheraskova T.N., Kozlov V.I., Puchkov V.N., Volozh Y.A. The East European Craton (Baltica) before and during the assembly of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 2008, 160:23-45.
29. Brueckner H.K., Van Roermund H.L.M. Concurrent HP metamorphism on both margins of Iapetus: Ordovician ages for eclogites and garnet pyroxenites from the Seve Nappe Complex Swedish Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society 2007, 164:117-128.
30. Brueckner H.K., Van Roermund H.L.M., Pearson N.J. An Archean (?) to Paleozoic evolution for a garnet peridotite lens with sub-Baltic Shield affinity within the Seve Nappe Complex of Jämtland, Sweden Central Scandinavian Caledonides. Journal of Petrology 2004, 45:415-437.
31. Bruton D.L., Harper D.A. Early Ordovician (Arenig-Llanvirn) Faunas from Oceanic Islands in the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen. The Caledonide-Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas 1985, John Wileys and Sons Ltd., pp. 359-368. D. Gee, B. Sturt (Eds.).
32. Burns I.M., Fowler M.B., Strachan R.A., Greenwood P.B. Geochemistry, petrogenesis and structural setting of the meta-igneous Strathy Complex: a unique basement block within the Scottish Caledonides?. Geology Magazine 2004, 141:209-223.
33. Campbell I.H., Reiners P.W., Allen C.M., Nicolescu S., Upadhyay R. He-Pb double dating of detrital zircons from the Ganges and Indus Rivers: Implication for quantifying sediment recycling and provenance studies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 237:402-432.
34. Cawood P.A., Nemchin A.A., Smith M., Loewy S. Source of the Dalradian Supergroup constrained by U-Pb dating of detrital zircon and implications for the East Laurentian margin. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2003, 160:231-246.
35. Cawood P.A., Nemchin A.A., Strachan R. Provenance record of Laurentian passive-margin strata in the northern Caledonides: implications for paleodrainage and paleogeography. GSA Bulletin 2007, 119:993-1003.
36. Cawood P.A., Nemchin A.A., Strachan R.A., Kinny P.D., Staci L. Laurentian provenance and an intracratonic tectonic setting for the Moine Supergroup Scotland, constrained by detrital zircons from the Loch Eil and Glen Urquhart successions. Journal of the Geological Society 2004, 161:861-874.
37. Cawood P.A., Nemchin A.A., Strachan R.A., Prave A.R., Krabbendam M. Sedimentary basin and detrital zircon record along East Laurentia and Baltica during assembly and breakup of Rodinia. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2007, 164:257-275.
38. Cawood P.A., Strachan R., Cutts K., Kinny P.D., Hand M., Pisarevsky S. Neoproterozoic orogeny along the margin of Rodinia: Valhalla Orogen, North Atlantic. Geology 2010, 38:99-102.
39. Corfu F. U-Pb age, setting and tectonic significance of the anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite suite Lofoten-Vesterålen, Norway. Journal of Petrology 2004, 45:1799-1819.
40. Corfu F., Armitage P.E.B., Kullerud K., Bergh S.G. Preliminary U-Pb geochronology in the West Troms Basement Complex, North Norway: Archean and Palaeoproterozoic events and younger overprints. Norges Geologisk Undersøkelse Bulletin 2003, 441:61-72.
41. Corfu F., Roberts R.J., Torsvik T.H., Ashwal L.D., Ramsay D.M. Peri-Gondwanan elements in the Caleonian Nappes of Finnmark, Northern Norway: Implications for the paleogeographic framework the Scandinavian Caledonides. American Journal of Science 2007, 307:434-458.
42. Cutts K.A., Hand M., Kelsey D.E., Wade B., Strachan R.A., Clark C., Netting A. Evidence for 930Ma metamorphism in the Shetland Islands, Scottish Caledonides: implications for Neoproterozoic tectonics in the Laurentia-Baltica sector of Rodinia. Journal of the Geological Society 2009, 166:1033-1047.
43. Currie K.L. Repeated basement reactivation in the northeastern Appalachians. Geological Journal 1983, 18. 1099-1034.
44. Daly J.S., Aitcheson S.J., Cliff R.A., Gayer R.A., Rice A.H.N. Geochronological evidence from discordant plutons for a late Proterozoic orogen in the Caledonides of Finnmark, northern Norway. Journal of the Geological Society, London 1991, 148:29-40.
45. Daly J.S, Balagansky V.V., Timmerman M.J., Whitehouse M.J. The Lapland-Kola orogen: Palaeoproterozoic collision and accretion of the northern Fennoscandian lithosphere. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 2006, 32:579-598.
46. Dhuime B., Bosch D., Bruguier O., Caby R., Pourtales S. Age, provenance and post-deposition metamorphic overprint of detrital zircons from the Nathorst Land group (NE Greenland) - A LA-ICP-MS and SIMS study. Precambrian Research 2007, 155:24-46.
47. Dunning G.R., Pedersen R.B. U/Pb ages of ophiolites and arc related plutons of the Norwegian Caledonides: implications for the development of the Iapetus. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 98:13-23.
48. Emery, M., 2005. Poly-orogenic History of the Moine Rocks of Glen Urquhart, Eastern Inverness-shire. PhD Thesis, University of Portsmouth.
49. Essex R.M., Gromet L.P., Andréasson P.G., Albrecht L. Early Ordovician U-Pb metamorphic ages of the eclogite-bearing Seve Nappes, Northern Scandinavian Caledonides. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1997, 15:665-676.
50. Føyn S. Dividal-gruppen ('Hyolithus-sonen') i Finnmark og dens forhold til de Eokambrisk-kambriske formasjoner. Norges Geologiske Undersokelse Bulletin 1967, 249:1-84.
51. Friend C.R.L., Kinny P.D., Rogers G., Strachan R.A., Paterson B.A. U-Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoproterozoic events in the Glenfinnan Group (Moine Supergroup): the formation of the Ardgour gneiss, northwest Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1997, 128:101-113.
52. Friend C.R.L., Strachan R.A., Kinny P.D., Watt G.R. Provenance of the Moine Supergroup of NW Scotland; evidence from the geochronology of detrital and inherited zircons from (meta)sedimentary rocks, granittes and migmatites. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2003, 160:247-257.
53. Gaál G., Gorbatschev R. An outline of the Precambrian evolution of the Baltic shield. Precambrian Research 1987, 35:15-52.
54. Gee D., Kumpulainen R., Roberts D., Stephens M., Thon A., Zachrisson E. Scandinavian Caledonides-Tectonostratigraphic Map 1:2,000,000 Scale. The Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas 1985, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester. D. Gee, B. Sturt (Eds.).
55. Gee D.G. A tectonic model for the central part of the Scandinavian Caledonides. American Journal of Science 1975, 275:468-515.
56. Gee D.G., Tebenkov A.M. Svalbard: a fragment of the Laurentian marg. Geological Society London Memoirs 2004, 30:191-206.
57. Glendinning, N.R.W., 1988. Sedimentary structures and sequences within a late Proterozoic tidal shelf deposit: the Upper Morar Psammite Formation of northwestern Scotland. In: Winchester, J.A. (Ed.), Later Proterozoic Stratigraphy in the Northern Atlantic Regions: Glasgow, Blackie, pp. 14-31.
58. Glodny J., Kühn A., Austrheim H. Diffusion versus recrystallization processes in Rb-Sr geochronology: Isotopic relics in eclogite facies rocks, Western Gneiss Region, Norway. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2008, 71:506-525.
59. Gorbatschev R. Precambrian Basement of the Caledonides. The Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas 1985, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 197-212. D. Gee, B. Sturt (Eds.).
60. Gower, C.F., 1996. Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region. In: Brewer, T. S. (Ed.), The Evolution of the Grenville Province in Eastern Labrador. Geological Society Special Publication, Canada, pp. 197-218.
61. Gower C.F., Krogh T.E. A U-Pb geochronological review of the Proterozoic history of the eastern Grenville Province. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2002, 39:795-829.
62. Gower C.F., Tucker R.D. The distribution of pre-1400Ma crust in the Grenville province: Implications for rifting in Laurentia-Baltica during geon 14. Geology 1994, 22:827-830.
63. Griffin W.L., Taylor P.N., Hakkinen J.W., Heier K.S., Iden I.K., Krogh E.J., Malm O., Olsen K.I., Ormaasen D.E., Tveten E. Archaean and Proterozoic crustal evolution in Lofoten-Vesterålen, N Norway. Journal of the Geological Society, London 1978, 135:629-647.
64. Gromet L.P., Sjöström H., Bergman S., Claesson S., Essex R.M., Andréasson P.G., Albrecht L. Contrasting ages of metamorphism in the Seve nappes: U-Pb results from the central and northern Swedish Caledonides. GFF 1996, 118:A36-37.
65. Hodges K.V., Bartley J.M., Burchfiel B.C. Structural evolution of an A-type subduction zone, Lofoten-Rombak area, northern Scandinavian Caledonides. Tectonics 1982, 1:441-462.
66. Högdahl K., Andersson U.B., Eklund O. The Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) in Sweden; a review of its character and evolution. Geological Survey of Finland 2004, 37:125. Special Paper.
67. Jensen S., Grant S. Trace fossils from the Dividalen Group, northern Sweden: implications for Early Cambrian biostratigraphy of Baltica. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 1998, 78:305-317.
68. Johansson Å. Baltica, Amazonia and the SAMBA connection-1000 million years of neighbourhood during the Proterozoic?. Precambrian Research 2009, 175:221-234.
69. Johansson, Å., Larionov, A.N., Gee, D.G., Ohta, Y., Tebenkov, A.M., Sandelin, S., 2004. Grenvillian and Caledonian Tectono-Magmatic Activity in Northeasternmost Svalbard, pp. 207-232.
70. Kinny P.D., Friend C.R.L., Strachan R.A., Watt G.R., Burns I.M. U-Pb geochronology of regional migmatites in East Sutherland, Scotland; evidence for crustal melting during the Caledonian Orogeny Current controversies in the Caledonides 1999, 156:1143-1152. Part 6.
71. Kinny P.D., Strachan R.A., Friend C.R.L., Knocks H., Rodgers G., Paterson B.A. U-Pb geochronology of deformed metagranites in central Sutherland, Scotland: evidence for widespread late Silurian metamorphism and ductile deformation of the Moine Supergroup during the Caledonian orogeny. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2003, 160:259-269.
72. Kirkland C.L., Daly J.S., Chew D.M., Page L.M. The Finnmarkian Orogeny revisited: an isotopic investigation in eastern Finnmark, Arctic Norway. Tectonophysics 2008, 460:158-177.
73. Kirkland C.L., Daly J.S., Whitehouse M.J. Granitic magmatism of Grenvillian and late Neoproterozoic age in Finnmark, Arctic Norway: constraining pre Scandian deformation in the Kalak Nappe Complex. Precambrian Research 2006, 145:24-52.
74. Kirkland C.L., Daly J.S., Whitehouse M.J. Provenance and terrane evolution of the Kalak Nappe Complex, Norwegian Caledonides: implications for Neoproterozoic palaeogeography and tectonics. Journal of Geology 2007, 115:21-41.
75. Kirkland C.L., Daly J.S., Whitehouse M.J. Basement-cover relationships of the Kalak Nappe Complex, Arctic Norwegian Caledonides and constraints on Neoproterozoic terrane assembly in the North Atlantic region. Precambrian Research 2008, 160:245-276.
76. Kirkland C.L., Strachan R.A., Prave A.R. Detrital zircon signature of the Moine Supergroup, Scotland: contrasts and comparisons with other Neoproterozoic successions within the circum-North Atlantic region. Precambrian Research 2008, 163:332-350.
77. Knoll A., Walter M. Latest Proterozoic stratigraphy and Earth history. Nature 1992, 356:673-678.
78. Kulling O. Oversiktover Noverbitensfjallens Kaledonberggrund. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning. Ser. Ba 1964, 19:166.
79. Kulling O. The Swedish caledonides. Scandinavian Caledonides 1972, Wiley Interscience, London, 147-302. T. Strand, O. Kulling (Eds.).
80. Lahtinen R., Korja A., Nironen M., Heikkinen P. Palaeoproterozoic accretionary processes in Fennoscandia. Geological Society, London Special Publications 2009, 318:237-256.
81. Leslie A.G., Nutman A.P. Evidence for Neoproterozoic orogenesis and early high temperature Scandian deformation events in the southern East Greenland Caledonides. Geological Magazine 2003, 140(3):309-333.
82. Li Z.X., Bogdanova S.V., Collins A.S., Davidson A., De Waele B., Ernst R.E., Fitzsimons I.C.W., Fuck R.A., Gladkochub D.P., Jacobs J., Karlstrom K.E., Lu S., Natapov L.M., Pease V., Pisarevsky S.A., Thrane K., Vernikovsky V. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: a synthesis. Precambrian Research 2008, 160:179-210.
83. Liew T.C., Hofmann A.W. Precambrian crustal components, plutonic associations, plate environment of the Hercynian Fold Belt of Central Europe: indications from a Nd and Sr isotopic study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 98:129-138.
84. Martna, J., Hansen, L., 1986. Vietas Hydroelectric Power Station, Headrace Tunnel 3. Documentation of Geology and Excavation. Final Report, July 1986. Research, Development and Demonstration. Swedish State Power Board, 62pp.
85. Markl G., Höhndorf A. Isotopic constraints on the origin of AMCG-suite rocks on the Lofoten Islands, N Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology 2003, 78:149-171.
86. Mellqvist C., Öhlander B., Skiöld T., Wikström A. The Archaean-Proterozoic palaeoboundary in the Luleå area, northern Sweden: field evidence and isotope geochemical evidence for a sharp terrane boundary. Precambrian Research 1999, 96:225-243.
87. Mellqvist C., Öhlander B., Weihed P., Schöberg H. Some aspects on the subdivision of the Haparanda and Jöumlrn intrusive suites in northern Sweden. GFF 2003, 125:77-85.
88. Mørk M.B.E., Kullerud K., Stabel A. Sm-Nd dating of Seve eclogites, Norrbotten, Sweden-evidence for Early Caledonian (505Ma) subduction. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 99:344-351.
89. Morton A., Fanning M., Milner P. Provenance characteristics of Scandinavian basement terrains: constraints from detrital zircon ages in modern river sediments. Sedimentary Geology 2008, 210(1-2):61-85.
90. Murakami T., Chakoumakos B.C., Lumpkin G.R., Weber W.J. Alpha-decay event damage in zircon. American Mineralogist 1991, 76:1510-1532.
91. Nystuen J.P. The late Precambrian "Sparagmites" of southern Norway: a major allochthon-The Osen-Røa Nappe Complex. American Journal of Science 1981, 281:69-94.
92. Nystuen J.P., Andresen A., Kumpulainen R.A., Siedlecka A. Neoproterozoic basin evolution in Fennoscandia, East Greenland and Svalbard. Episodes 2008, 31(1):35-43.
93. Öhlander B., Skiöld T. Diversity of 1.8 Ga potassic granitoids along the edge of the Archaean craton in northern Scandinavia: a result of melt formation at various depths and from various sources. Lithos 1994, 33(4):265-283.
94. Öhlander B., Skiöld T., Hamilton P.J., Claesson L.Å. The western border of the Archaean province of the Baltic shield: evidence from northern Sweden. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 95(4):437-450.
95. Paulsson O., Andréasson P. Attempted break-up of Rodinia at 850Ma: geochronological evidence from the Seve-Kalak superterrane, Scandinavian Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2002, 159:751-761.
96. Pedersen R.B., Dunning G.R., Robins B. U-Pb ages of nepheline syenite pegmatites from the Seiland Magmatic Province, North Norway. In: Gayer R.A., (Ed.), The Caledonide Geology of Scandinavia. Journal of the Geological Society 1989, 167:3-8.
97. Pedersen R.B., Furnes H., Dunning G.R. Some Norwegian ophiolite complexes reconsidered. Norges Geologiske Undersokelse, Special Publication 1988, 3:80-85.
98. Pettersson C.H., Pease V., Frei D. U-Pb zircon provenance of metasedimentary basement of the Northwestern Terrane, Svalbard: Implications for the Grenvillian-Sveconorwegian orogeny and development of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 2009, 175:206-220.
99. Pharaoh T.C., Pearce J.A. Geochemical evidence for the tectonic setting of early Proterozoic metavolcanic sequences in Lapland. Precambrian Research 1984, 25:283-308.
100. Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T. Numerical Recipes the Art of Scientific Computing 1986, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1256 pp.
101. Rainbird R.H., Hamilton M.A., Young G.M. Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of the Torridonian, NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society 2001, 158(1):15-27.
102. Rämö O.T., Vaasjoki M., Manttari I., Elliott B.A., Nironen M. Petrogenesis of the Post-kinematic Magmatism of the Central Finland Granitoid Complex I; Radiogenic Isotope Constraints and Implications for Crustal Evolution. Journal of Petrology 2001, 42:1971-1993.
103. Rehnström E.F. Geochronology and petrology of the Tielma Magmatic Complex, northern Swedish Caledonides-results and tectonic implications. Norwegian Journal of Geology 2003, 83:243-257.
104. Rehnström E.F., Corfu F. Palaeoproterozoic U-Pb ages of autochthonous and allochthonous granites from the northern Swedish Caledonides-regional and palaeogeographic implications. Precambrian Research 2004, 132:363-378.
105. Rehnström E.F., Corfu F., Torsvik T.H. Evidence of a Late Precambrian (637Ma) Deformational Event in the Caledonides of Northern Sweden. Journal of Geology 2002, 110:591-601.
106. Roberts, D., 2003. The Scandinavian Caledonides; event chronology, palaeogeographic settings and likely modern analogues. Tectonophysics, pp. 1-17.
107. Roberts D. Palaeocurrent data from the Kalak Nappe Complex, northern Norway: a key element in models of terrane affiliation. Norwegian Journal of Geology 2007, 87:319-328.
108. Roberts, D., Gee, D.G., 1985. An introduction to the structure of the Scandinavian Caledonides. In: Gee, D.G., Sturt, B.A. (Eds.), The Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 55-68.
109. Roberts R.J., Corfu F., Torsvik T.H., Ashwal L.D., Ramsay D.M. Short-lived mafic magmatism at 560-570Ma in the northern Norwegian Caledonides: U-Pb zircon ages from the Seiland Igneous Province. Geological Magazine 2006, 143:887-903.
110. Roberts R.J., Corfu F., Torsvik T.H., Hetherington C.J., Ashwal L.D. Age of alkaline rocks in the Seiland Igneous Province, Northern Norway. Journal of the Geological Society 2010, 167:71-81.
111. Rogers G., Kinny P.D., Strachan R.A., Friend C.R.L., Paterson B.A. U-Pb geochronology of the Fort Augustus granite gneiss: constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic tectonothermal events in the NW Highlands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2001, 158:7-14.
112. Romer R.L. The Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic lead isotopic evolution of the Northern Baltic Shield of Norway, Sweden and Finland. Precambrian Research 1991, 49:73-95.
113. Schärer U., Wilmart E., Duchesne J.C. The short duration and anorogenic character of anorthosite magmatism: U-Pb dating of the Rogaland complex, Norway. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 139:335-350.
114. SGU, 2010. Geological Survey of Sweden Online Map Generator, http://maps2.sgu.se/kartgenerator/en.
115. Siedlecka, A., Roberts, D., Nystuen, J.P., Olovyanishnikov, V.G., 2004. Northeastern and northwestern margins of Baltica in the Neoproterozic time: evidence from the Timanian and Caledonian Orogens. In: Gee, D.G., Pease, V. (Eds.), The Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen of Eastern Baltica. Geological Society Memoir, No. 30, pp. 169-190.
116. Silvennoinen, A., Gustavson, M., Perttunen, V., Siedlecka, A., Sjöstrand, T., Stephens, M.B., Zachrisson, E., 1987. Pre-Quaternary rocks, northern Fennoscandia. Scale 1:1000000: Geological map, Geological Surveys of Finland, Norway and Sweden.
117. Sircombe K.N., Hazelton M.L. Comparison of detrital zircon age distributions by kernel functional estimation. Sedimentary Geology 2004, 171(1-4):91-111.
118. Skår Ø. U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of early Proterozoic rocks of the tectonic basement windows in central Nordland, Caledonides of north-central Norway. Precambrian Research 2002, 116:265-283.
119. Skjöld T., Öhlander B., Vocke R.D., Hamilton P.J. Chemistry of Proterozoic orogenic processes at a continental margin in northern Sweden. Chemical Geology 1988, 69:193-207.
120. Stacey J.S., Kramers J.D. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1975, 26:207-221.
121. Starmer, I.C., 1996. Accretion, rifting, rotation and collision in the Northn Atlanticsupercontinent, 1700-950Ma. In: Brewer, T.S. (Ed.), Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region. Geological Society Special Publication, pp. 219-248.
122. Stephens M. The Scandinavian Caledonides; A complexity of collisions. Geology Today 1988, 4:20-24.
123. Stephens M.B., Gee D.G. Terranes and polyphase accretionary history in the Scandinavian Caledonides. Geology Society of America Bulletin, Special Paper 1989, 230:17-30.
124. Stephens M.B., Kullerud K., Claesson S. Early Caledonian tectonothermal evolution in outboard terranes, central Scandinavian Caledonides; new constraints from U-Pb zircon dates. Journal of the Geological Society, London 1993, 150:51-56.
125. Strachan R, Nutman A., Friederichsen J. SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and metamorphic history of the Smallefjord sequence, northeast Greenland Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society, London 1995, 152:779-784.
126. Strachan R.A. Shallow marine sedimentation in the Proterozoic Moine succession, northern Scotland. Precambrian Research 1986, 32:17-33.
127. Strömberg, A.G.B., 1981. The late Precambrian Sito tillite and the Vakkejokk breccia in the northern Swedish Caledonides, E13. In: Hambrey, M., Harland, W. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge University Press, pp. 611-614.
128. Sturt B.A. The accretion of ophiolitic terrains in the Scandinavian Caledonides. Geologie en Mijnbouw/Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 1984, 63:201-212.
129. Sturt B.A., Pringle I.R., Ramsay D.M. The Finnmarkian phase of the Caledonian orogeny. Journal of the Geological Society, London 1978, 135:597-610.
130. Sturt B.A., Pringle I.R., Roberts D. Caledonian Nappe Sequence of Finnmark, Northern Norway, and the Timing of Orogenic Deformation and Metamorphism. GSA Bulletin 1975, 86:710-718.
131. Svenningsen O.M. Onset of seafloor spreading in the Iapetus Ocean at 608Ma: precise age of the Sarek Dyke Swarm, northern Swedish Caledonides. Precambrian Research 2001, 110:241-254.
132. Swan A.R.H., Sandilands M. Introduction to Geological Data Analysis 1995, Blackwell Science, 446 pp.
133. Tanner P.W.G., Evans J.A. Late Precambrian U-Pb titanite age for peak regional metamorphism and deformation (Knoydartian orogeny) in the western Moine, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London 2003, 160:555-564.
134. Thelander T. The Torneträsk Formation of the Dividal Group northern Swedish Caledonides. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 1982, 789:41.
135. Thickpenny A. The sedimentology of the Swedish Alum Shales. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1984, 15:511-525.
136. Tucker, R.D., Krogh, T.E., Råheim, A., 1990. Proterozoic evolution and age-province boundaries in the central part of the Western Gneiss Region, Norway: results of U-Pb dating of accessory minerals from Trondheimsfjord to Geiranger. In: Gower, C.F., Rivers, T., Ryan, B. (Eds.), Mid-Proterozoic Laurentia-Baltica, vol. 38, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 38, pp. 149-173.
137. Van Roermund H.L.M. Eclogites of the Seve Nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides. The Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas 1985, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 873-886. D. Gee, B. Sturt (Eds.).
138. Vance D., Strachan R.A., Jones K.A. Extensional versus compressional settings for metamorphism; garnet chronometry and pressure-temperature-time histories in the Moine Supergroup, Northwest Scotland. Geology 1998, 26(10):927-930.
139. Vidal G. Biostratigraphic correlation of the Upper Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian of the Fennoscandian Shield and the Caledonides of East East Greenland and Svalbard. The Caledonide Orogen-Scandinavia and Related Areas 1985, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, pp. 331-338. D. Gee, B. Sturt (Eds.).
140. Vidal G., Moczydlowska M. The Neoproterozoic of Baltica-stratigraphy, palaeobiology and general geological evolution. Precambrian Research 1995, 73:197-216.
141. Vivallo, W., and Claesson, L.-Å., 1987. Intra-arc rifting and massive sulphide mineralization in an early Proterozoic volcanic arc, Skellefte district, northern Sweden. In: Pharaoh, T.C., Beckinsale, R.D., Rickard, D. (Eds.), Geochemistry and Mineralization of Proterozoic Volcanic Suites, Geological Society, London, Special Publication, No. 33, pp. 69-79.
142. Wade S. Radiogenic Isotope Studies of Crust-Forming Processes in the Lofoten-Vesterålen Province of North Norway 1985, University of Oxford.
143. Watt G.R., Kinny P.D., Friderichsen J.D. U-Pb geochronology of Neoproterozoic and Caledonian tectonothermal events in the East Greenland Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society 2000, 157(5):1031-1048.
144. Weihed P., Billström K., Persson P.O., Bergman J. Relationship between 1.90 and 1.85Ga accretionary processes and 1.82-1.80Ga oblique subduction at the Karelian craton margin, Fennoscandian Shield. GFF 2002, 124:163-180.
145. Williams I.S., Claesson S. Isotopic evidence for the Precambrian provenance and Caledonian metamorphism of high grade paragneisses from the Seve Nappes, Scandinavian Caledonides. Ion microprobe zircon U-Th-Pb. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 97:205-217.
146. Witschard F. The geological and tectonic evolution of the precambrian of northern Sweden-a case for basement reactivation?. Precambrian Research 1984, 23(3-4):273-315.
147. Yamashita K., Creaser R.A., Villeneuve M.E. Integrated Nd isotopic and U-Pb detrital zircon systematics of clastic sedimentary rocks from the Slave Province, Canada: evidence for extensive crustal reworking in the early- to mid-Archean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 174:283-299.
148. Zachrisson, E., 1986. Scandinavian Caledonides-Stratabound Sulphide Deposits. 1:1,500,000 map.