Laurentian provenance and an intracratonic tectonic setting for the Moine Supergroup, Scotland, constrained by detrital zircons from the Loch Eil and Glen Urquhart successions

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 161, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 861-874

  Cawood, Peter A ^a,b   Nemchin, Alexander A ^c   Strachan, Rob A ^d   Kinny, Peter D ^b   Loewy, Staci ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Deformation; Laurentia; Moine Supergroup; Provenance; U Pb

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; LAURENTIA; PROTEROZOIC; PROVENANCE; TECTONIC SETTING; URANIUM-LEAD DATING;

EURASIA; EUROPE; SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 4344623098     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/16-764903-117     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. ÅHÄLL, K.-I. & CONNELLY, J.N. 1998. Intermittent 1.53-1.13 magmatism in western Baltica: age constraints and correlations within a postulated super-continent. Precambrian Research, 92, 1-20.
2. ÅHÄLL, K.-I. & GOWER, C.F. 1997. The Gothian and Labradorian orogens: variations in accretionary tectonism along late Paleoproterozoic Laurentia-Baltica margin. GFF, 119, 181-191.
3. BARR, D., ROBERTS, A.M., HIGHTON, A.J., PARSON, L.M. & HARR[s, A.L. 1985. Structural setting and geochronological significance of the West Highland Granitic Gneiss, a deformed early granite within Proterozoic, Moine rocks of NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 142, 663-675.
4. BLUCK, B.J. 2000. 'Where ignorance is bliss 'tis a folly to be wise' (Thomas Gray 1716-1761)-controversy in the basement blocks of Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 36, 97-101.
5. BLUCK, B.J. 2001. Caledonian and related events in Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Earth Sciences, 91, 375-404.
6. BLucK, B.J., DEMPSTER, T.J. & ROGERS, G. 1997. Allochthonous metamorphic blocks on the Hebridean passive margin, Scotland. Journal ofthe Geological Society, London, 154, 921-924.
7. BOWES, D.R. 1968. The absolute time scale and the subdivision of Precambrian rocks in Scotland. Geologiska Föhingens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 90, 175-188.
8. BRAUN, J. & SHAW, R. 2001. A thin-plate model of Palaeozoic deformation of the Australian lithosphere: implications for understanding the dynamics of intracratonic deformation. In: MILLER, J.A., HOLDSWORTH, R.E., BUICK, I.S. & HAND, M. (eds) Continental Reactivation and Reworking. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 184, 165-193.
9. BUCHAN, K.L., MERTANEN, S., PARK, R.G., PESONEN, L.J., ELMING, S-Å., ABRAHAMSEN, N. & BYLUND, G. 2000. Comparing the drift of Laurentia and Baltica in the Proterozoic: the importance of key paleomagnetic poles. Tectonophysics, 319, 167-198.
10. BURNS, I.M., FOWLER, M.B., STRACHAN, R.A. & GREENWOOD, P.B. 2004. Geochemistry, petrogenesis and structural setting of the meta-igneous Strathy Complex: a unique basement block within the Scottish Caledonides? Geological Magazine, 141, 209-233.
11. CAWOOD, P.A. 2004. Terra Australis Orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Earth-Science Reviews, in press.
12. CAWOOD, P.A. & LEITCH, E.C. 1985. Accretion and dispersal tectonics of the southern New England Fold Belt, Eastern Australia. In: HOWELL, D.G. (ed.) Tectonostratigraphic Terranes at the Circum-Pacific Region. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Science Series, 1, 481-492.
13. CAWOOD, P.A. & NEMCHIN, A.A. 2001. Source regions for Laurentian margin sediments: constraints from U/Pb dating of detrital zircon in the Newfoundland Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113, 1234-1246.
14. CAWOOD, P.A., NEMCHIN, A.A., SMITH, M. & LOEWY, S. 2003. Source of the Dalradian Supergroup constrained by U/Pb dating of detrital zircon and implications for the East Laurentian margin. Journal of the Geological Society London, 160, 231-246.
15. CLIFF, R.A. & REX, D.C. 1989. Evidence for a 'Grenville' event in the Lewisian of the northern Outer Hebrides. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 146, 921-924.
16. CONNELLY, J.N. & ÅHÄLL, K.-I. 1996. The Mesoproterozoic cratonization of Baltica-new age constraints from SW Sweden. In: BREWER, T.S. (ed.) Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112, 261-273.
17. DALY, J.S., AITCHESON, S.J., CLIFF, R.A., GAYER, R.A. & RICE, A.H.N. 1991. Geochronological evidence from discordant plutons for a Late Proterozoic orogen in the Caledonides of Finnmark, northern Norway. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148, 29-40.
18. DALZIEL, I.W.D. & SOPER, N.J. 2001. Neoproterozoic extension on the Scottish Promontory of Laurentia: paleogeographic and tectonic implications. Journal of Geology, 109, 299-317.
19. DARDENNE, M.A. 2000. The Brasilia Fold Belt. In. CORDANI, U.G., MILANI, E.J., THOMAZ FILHA, A. & CAMPOS, D.A. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of South America, 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro. 231-263.
20. DEMPSTER, T.J., ROGERS, G., TANNER, P.W.G., BLUCK, B.J., MUIR, R.J., REDWOOD, S.D., IRELAND, T.R. & PATERSON, B.A. 2002. Timing of deposition, orogenesis and glaciation within Dalradian rocks of Scotland: constraints from U-Pb zircon ages. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 159, 83-94.
21. DREVER, H.L. 1940. The geology of Ardgour, Argyllshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 60, 141-170.
22. DUNLAP, W.J. & TEYSSIER, C. 1995. Palaeozoic deformation and isotopic disturbance in the south eastern Arunta Inlier, Australia. Precambrian Research, 71, 229-250.
23. DUNLAP, W.J., TEYSSIER, C., MCDOUGALL, I. & BALDWIN, S. 1995. Thermal and structural evolution of the intracratonic Arltunga nappe complex, central Australia. Tectonics, 14, 1182-1204.
24. FRANCIS, G.H. 1964. Further petrological studies in Glen Urquhart, Inverness-shire. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Mineralogy, 1(6), 165-199.
25. FRIEND, C.R.L., KINNY, P.D., ROGERS, G., STRACHAN, R.A. & PATERSON, B.A. 1997. U-Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoproterozoic events in the Glenfinnan Group (Moine Supergroup): the formation of the Ardgour granite gneiss, north-west Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 128, 101-113.
26. FRIEND, C.R.L., STRACHAN, R.A., KINNY, P. & WATT, G.R. 2003. Provenance of the Moine Supergroup of NW Scotland: evidence from geochronology of detrital and inherited zircons from (meta)sedimentary rocks granites and migmatites. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 160, 247-257.
27. GEIKIE, A. 1893. On the pre-Cambrian rocks of the British Isles. Journal of Geology, 1, 1-14.
28. GERALDES, M.C., VAN SCHMUS, W.R. CONDIE, K.C., BELL, S., TEIXERA, W. & BABINSKI, M. 2000. Proterozoic geologic evolution of the SW part of the Amazonian Craton in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Precambrian Research, 111, 91-128.
29. GLENDINNING, N.R.W. 1988. Sedimentary structures and sequences within a late Proterozoic tidal shelf deposit: the Upper Morar Psammite Formation of northwestern Scotland. In: WINCHESTER, J.A. (ed.) Later Proterozoic Stratigraphy of Northern Atlantic Regions. Blackie, Glasgow, 14-31.
30. GOODGE, J.W., MYROW, P., WILLIAMS, I.S. & BOWRING, S.A. 2002. Age and provenance of the Beardmore Group, Antarctica: constraints on Rodinia supercontinent breakup. Journal of Geology, 110, 393-406.
31. GOWER, C.F. 1996. The evolution of the Grenville Province in eastern Labrador, Canada. In. BREWER, T.S. (ed.) Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112, 197-218.
32. GOWER, C.F. & TUCKER, R.D. 1994. Distribution of pre-1400 Ma crust in the Grenville province: implications for rifting in Laurentia-Baltica during geon 14. Geology, 22, 827-830.
33. GOWER, C.F., RIVERS, T. & RYAN, A.B. (EDS) 1990. Mid-Proterozoic Laurentia-Baltica. Geological Association of Canada, Special Papers, 38.
34. HAINES, P.W., HAND, M. & SANDIFORD, M. 2001. Palaeozoic synorogenic sedimentation in central and northern Australia: a review of distribution and timing with implications for the evolution of intracratonic orogens. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48, 911-928.
35. HALLIDAY, A.N., GRAHAM, C.M., AFTALION, M. & DYMOKE, P. 1989. The deposition age of the Dalradian Supergroup: U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic studies of the Tayvallich Volcanics, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 146, 3-6.
36. HAND, M. & BUICK, I.S. 2001. Tectonic evolution of the Reynolds-Anmatjira Ranges: a case study in terrain reworking from the Arunta Inlier, central Australia. In: MILLER, J.A., HOLDSWORTH, R.E., BUICK, I.S. & HAND, M. (eds) Continental Reactivation and Reworking. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, xx, 237-260.
37. HARRIS, A.L. 1995. Nature and timing of orogenesis in the Scottish Highlands and the role of the Great Glen Fault. In: HIBBARD, J.P., VAN STAAL, C.R. & CAWOOD, P.A. (eds) Current Perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen. Geological Association of Canada, Special Papers, 41, 65-79.
38. HARRIS, A.L., HASELOCK, P.J., KENNEDY, M.J. & MENDUM, J.R. 1994. The Dalradian Supergroup in Scotland, Shetland and Ireland. In. GIBBONS, W. & HARRIS, A.L. (eds) A Revised Correlation of Precambrian Rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Report, 22, 33-53.
39. HIGHTON, A.J., HYSLOP, E.K. & NOBLE, S.R. 1999. U-Pb zircon geochronology of migmatization in the northern Central Highlands: evidence for pre-Caledonian (Neoproterozoic) tectonometamorphism in the Grampian block, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 1195-1204.
40. HOLDSWORTH, R.E. 1989. The geology and structural evolution of a Caledonian fold and ductile thrust zone, Kyle of Tongue, Sutherland, northern Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 146, 809-823.
41. HOLDSWORTH, R.E., STRACHAN, R.A. & HARRIS, A.L. 1994. Precambrian rocks in northern Scotland east of the Maine Thrust: the Moine Supergroup. In: GIBBONS, W. & HARRIS, A.L. (eds) A Revised Correlation of Precambrian Rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Reports, 22, 23-32.
42. HORNE, J. & HINXMAN, L.W. 1914. The Geology of the Area around Beauly and Inverness. Memoir, Geological Survey, Scotland.
43. IMBER, J., STRACHAN, R.A., HOLDSWORTH, R.E. & BUTLER, C.A. 2002. Evidence for post-Laxfordian (Grenville?) initiation of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone. Geological Magazine, 139, 609-619.
44. JOHNSTONE, G.S. 1975. The Moine Succession. In: HARRIS, A.L. (ed.) A Correlation of Precambrian Rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society, London, Special Reports, 6, 30-42.
45. JOLIVET, L. & PATRIAT, M. 1999. Ductile extension and the formation of the Aegean Sea. In: DURAND, B., JOLIVET, L., HORVÁTH, F. & SÉRANNE, M. (eds) The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156, 427-456.
46. KALSBEEK, F., THRANE, K., NUTMAN, A.P. & JEPSEN, H.F. 2000. Late Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary and granitic rocks in the King Oscar Fjord region, east Greenland Caledonides fold belt: evidence for Grenvillian orogenesis. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 1215-1225.
47. KARLSTROM, K.E., AHALL, K.-I., HARLAN, S.S., WILLIAMS, M.L., MCLELLAND, J. & GEISSMAN, J.W. 2001. Long-lived (1.8-1.0 Ga) convergent orogen in southern Laurentia, its extensions to Australia and Baltica, and implications for refining Rodinia. Precambrian Research, 111, 5-30.
48. KENNEDY, W.Q. 1951. Sedimentary differentiation as a factor in the Moine-Torridonian correlation. Geological Magazine, 88, 839-874.
49. KINNY, P., STRACHAN, R.A., FRIEND, C.R.L., KOCKS, H., ROGERS, G. & PATERSON, B.A. 2003. U-Pb geochronology of deformed metagranites in central Sutherland, Scotland: evidence for widespread late Silurian metamorphism and ductile deformation of the Moine Supergroup during the Caledonian orogeny. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 160, 259-269.
50. KRÖNER, A. & CIORDANI, U. 2003. African, southern Indian and South American cratons were not part of the Rodinia supercontinent: evidence from field relationships and geochronology. Tectonophysics, 375, 325-352.
51. LESLIE, A.G. & NUTMAN, A.P. 2003. Evidence for Neoproterozoic orogenesis and early high temperature Scandian deformation events in the southern East Greenland Caledonides. Geological Magazine, 140, 309-333.
52. LINDSAY, J.F., KORSCH, R.J. & WILFORD, J.R. 1987. Timing the breakup of a Proterozoic supercontinent: evidence from Australian intracratonic basins. Geology, 15, 1061-1064.
53. LOEWY, S., CONNELLY, J.N., DALZIEL, I.W.D. & GOWER, C.F. 2003. East Laurentia in Rodinia: constraints from whole-rock Pb and U/Pb geochronology. Tectonophysics, 375, 169-197.
54. LUDWIG, K.R. 1998. On the treatment of concordant uranium-lead ages. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 665-676.
55. LUDWIG, K.R. 1999. Using Isoplot/Ex, Version 2, A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, 1a.
56. LUDWIG, K.R. 2001. SQUID 1.00. A User' Manual. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, 2.
57. MAUFFRET, A. & CONTRUCCI, I. 1999. Crustal structure of the North Tyrrhenian Sea: first result of the multichannel seismic LISA cruise. In: DURAND, B., JOLIVET, L., HORVÁTH F. & SÉRANNE, M. (eds) The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156, 169-193.
58. MILLAR, I.L. 1999. Neoproterozoic extensional basic magmatism associated with the West Highland granite gneiss in the Moine Supergroup of NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 1153-1162.
59. MOORBATH, S. & TAYLOR, P.N. 1974. Lewisian age for Scardroy Mass. Nature, 250, 41-43.
60. NOBLE, S.R., HYSLOP, E.K. & HIGHTON, A.J. 1996. High-precision U-Pb monazite geochronology of the c. 806 Ma Grampian Shear Zone and the implications for the evolution of the Central Highlands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 511-514.
61. PARK, R.G., CLIFF, R.A., FETTES, D.J. & STEWART, A.D. 1994. Precambrian rocks in northwest Scotland west of the Moine Thrust: the Lewisian Complex and Torridonian. In: GIBBONS, W. & HARRIS, A.L. (eds) A Revised Correlation of Precambrian Rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society, London, Special Reports, 22, 6-22.
62. PARK, R.G., STEWART, A.D. & WRIGHT, D.T. 2002. The Hebridean Terrane. In: TREWIN, N.W. (ed.) Geological Society, London, 45-80.
63. PIASECKI, M.A.J. 1984. Ductile thrusts as time markers in orogenic evolution: an example from the Scottish Caledonides. In: GLASON, D. & MUELLER, S.E. (eds) First European Geotraverse Workshop: the Northeastern Segments. European Science Foundation, Strasbourg, 109-114.
64. PIASECKI, M.A.J. & VAN BREEMEN, O. 1983. Field and isotope evidence for a c. 750 Ma tectonothermal event in Moine rocks in the Central Highland region of the Scottish Caledonides. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 73, 119-134.
65. PIMENTEL, M.M., FUCK, R.A., JOST, H., FERREIRA FIHLO, C.F. & ARAUJO, S.M. 2000. In: CORDANI, U.G., MILANI, E.J., THOMAZ FILHA, A. & CAMPOS, D.A. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of South America. 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, 195-229.
66. PISAREVSKY, S.A. & NATAPOV, L.M. 2003. Siberia and Rodinia. Tectonophysics, 375, 221-245.
67. PORADA, H. 1989. Pan-African rifting and orogenesis in southern to equatorial Africa and eastern Brazil. Precambrian Research, 44, 103-136.
68. POWELL, D. & PHILLIPS, W.E.A. 1985. Time of deformation in the Caledonide orogen of Britain and Ireland. In: HARRIS, A.L. (ed.) The Nature and Timing of Orogenic Activity in the Caledonian Rocks of the British Isles. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 9, 17-39.
69. PRAVE, A.R. 1999. The Neoproterozoic Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland: an alternative hypothesis. Geological Magazine, 136, 609-617.
70. PREISS, W.V. 2000. The Adelaide Geosyncline of South Australia and its significance in Neoproterozoic continental reconstructions. Precambrian Research, 100, 21-63.
71. RAINBIRD, R.H., HEAMAN, L.M. & YOUNG, G. 1992. Sampling Laurentia: detrital zircon geochronology offers evidence for an extensive Neoproterozoic river system originating from the Grenville orogen. Geology, 20, 351-354.
72. RAINBIRD. R.H., HAMILTON, M.A. & YOUNG, G.M. 2001. Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of the Torridonian, NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 158, 15-27.
73. RAMSAY, J.G. 1958. Moine-Lewisian relations at Glenelg, Inverness-shire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 113, 487-523.
74. RAMSAY, J.G. 1963. Structure and metamorphism of the Moine and Lewisian rocks of North-West Caledonides. In: JOHNSON, M.R.W. & STEWART, F.H. (eds) The British Caledonides. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 143-170.
75. RATHBONE, P.A. & HARRIS, A.L. 1979. Basement-cover relationships at Lewisian inliers in the Moine rocks. In: HARRIS, A.L., HOLLAND, C.H. & LEAKE, B.E. (eds) The Caledonides of the British Isles-Reviewed. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 8, 101-107.
76. RIGGS, N.R., LEHAMAN, T.M., GEHRELS, G.E. & DICKINSON, W.R. 1996. Detrital zircon link between headwaters and terminus of the Upper Triassic Chinle-Dockum paleoriver system Science, 272, 97-100.
77. RIVERS, T. 1997. Lithotectonic elements of the Grenville Province: review and tectonic implications. Precambrian Research, 86, 117-154.
78. ROBERTS, A.M., SMITH, D.I. & HARRIS, A.L. 1984. The structural setting and tectonic significance of the Glen Dessary Syenite, Inverness-shire. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 141, 1033-1042.
79. ROCK, N.M.S., JEFFREYS, L.A. & MACDONALD, R. 1984. The problem of anomalous local limestone-pelite successions within the Moine outcrop; I: metamorphic limestones of the Great Glen area, from Ardgour to Nigg. Scottish Journal of Geology, 20, 383-406.
80. ROCK, N.M.S., MACDONALD, R., WALKER, B.H., MAY, F., PEACOCK, J.D. & SCOTT, P. 1985. Intrusive metabasite belts within the Moine assemblage, west of Loch Ness, Scotland: evidence for metabasite modification by country rock interactions. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 142, 643-661.
81. ROCK, N.M.S., JEFFREYS, L.A. & MACDONALD, R. 1986a. Metamorphic limestones of the Great Glen area: Reply. Scottish Journal of Geology, 22, 140-144.
82. ROCK, N.M.S., MACDONALD, R., DREWERY, S.E., PANKHURST, R.J. & BROOK, M. 1986b. Pelites of the Glen Urquhart serpentinite-metamorphic complex, west of Loch Ness. (Anomalous local limestone-pelite successions with the Moine outcrop: III.). Scottish Journal of Geology, 22, 179-202.
83. ROCK, N.M.S., MACDONALD, R., SZUCS, T. & BOWER, J. 1986c. The comparative geochemistry of some Highland pelites. (Anomalous local limestone-pelite successions within the Moine outcrop; II.). Scottish Journal of Geology, 22, 107-126.
84. ROGERS, G., HYSLOP, E.K., STRACHAN, R.A., PATERSON, B.A. & HOLDSWORTH, R.E. 1998. The structural setting and U-Pb chronology of Knoydartian pegmatites in W Inverness-shire: evidence for Neoproterozoic tectonic events in the Monte of NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 155, 685-696.
85. ROGERS, G., KINNY, P.D., STRACHAN, R.A., FRIEND, C.R.L. & PATERSON, B.A. 2001. U-Pb geochronology of the Fort Augustus granite gneiss: constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic tectonothermal events in the NW Highlands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 158, 7-14.
86. RUSSELL, M.J., ALLISON, I., ANDERSON, R. & HALL, A.J. 1986. Metamorphic limestones of the Great Glen area: Comments. Scottish Journal of Geology, 22, 137-139.
87. SANDERS, I.S., VAN CALSTEREN, P.W.C. & HAWKESWORTH, C.J. 1984. A Grenville Sm-Nd age for the Glenelg eclogite in northwest Scotland. Nature, 312, 439-440.
88. SANDIFORD, M. & HAND, M. 1998. Controls on the locus of intraplate deformation in central Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 162, 97-110.
89. SANDIFORD, M., HAND, M. & MCLAREN, S. 2001. Tectonic feedback, interplate orogeny and the geochemical structure of the crust: a central Australian perspective. In. MILLER, J.A., HOLDSWORTH, R.E., BUICK, I.S. & HAND, M. (eds) Continental Reactivation and Reworking. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, xx, 195-218.
90. SCRIMGEOUR, I. & RAITH, J.G. 2001. High-grade reworking of Proterozoic granulites during Ordovician intraplate transpression, eastern Arunta Inlier, central Australia. In: MILLER, J.A., HOLDSWORTH, R.E., BUICK, I.S. & HAND, M. (eds) Continental Reactivation and Reworking. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, xx, 261-287.
91. SHAW, R.D., ETHRIDGE, M.A. & LAMBECK, K. 1991. Development of the late Proterozoic to mid-Paleozoic intracratonic Amadeus Basin in central Australia: a key to understanding tectonic forces in plate interiors. Tectonics, 10, 688-721.
92. SMITH, M., ROBERTSON, S. & ROLLIN, K.E. 1999. Rift basin architecture and stratigraphic implications for basement-cover relationships in the Neoproterozoic Grampian Group of the Scottish Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 1163-1173.
93. SOPER, N.J. 1994. Was Scotland a Vendian RRR junction? Journal of the Geological Society, London, 151, 577-578.
94. SOPER, N.J. & BARBER, A.J. 1982. A model for the deep structure of the Moine Thrust zone. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 127-138.
95. SOPER, N.J. & ENGLAND, R.W. 1995. Vendian and Riphean rifting in NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 152, 11-14.
96. SOPER, N.J., HARRIS, A.L. & STRACHAN, R.A. 1998. Tectonostratigraphy of the Moine Supergroup: a synthesis. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 155, 13-24.
97. STARMER, I.C. 1996. Accretion, rifting, rotation and collision in the North Atlantic supercontinent, 1760-950 Ma. In: BREWER, T.S. (ed.) Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112, 219-248.
98. STEWART, A.D. 1991. Torridonian. In: CRAIG, G.Y. (ed.) Geology of Scotland. Geological Society, London, 65-85.
99. STOKER, M.S. 1983. The stratigraphy and structure of the Moine rocks of eastern Ardgour. Scottish Journal of Geology, 19, 369-385.
100. STRACHAN, R.A. 1985. The stratigraphy and structure of the Moine rocks of the Loch Eil area, West Inverness-shire. Scottish Journal of Geology, 21, 9-22.
101. STRACHAN, R.A. 1986. Shallow marine sedimentation in the Proterozoic Moine succession, northern Scotland. Precambrian Research, 32, 17-33.
102. STRACHAN, R.A. & HOLDSWORTH, R.E. 1988. Basement-cover relationships and structure within the Moine rocks of central and southeast Sutherland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 145, 23-26.
103. STRACHAN, R.A., NUTMAN, A.P. & FRIDERICHSEN, J.D. 1995. SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and metamorphic history of the Smallefjord sequence, NE Greenland Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 152, 779-784.
104. STRACHAN, R.A., SMITH, M., HARRIS, A.L. & FETTES, D.J. 2002. The Northern Highland and Grampian Terranes. In. TREWIN, N. (ed.) Geology of Scotland. Geological Society, London, 81-147.
105. TANNER, P.W.G. & BLUCK, B.J. 1999. Current controversies in the Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 1137-1141.
106. TANNER, P.W.G. & EVANS, J.A. 2003. Late Precambrian U-Pb titanite ages for peak regional metamorphism and deformation (Knoydartian orogeny in the western Moine, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 160, 555-564.
107. TARI, G. ET AL. 1999. Title. In: DURAND, B., JOLIVER, L., HORVÁTH, F. & SÉRANNE, M. (eds) The Mediteranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 156, 215-250.
108. TASSINARI, C.C.G., BETTENCOURT, J.S., GERALDES, M.C., MACAMBIRA, M.J.B. & LAFON, J.M. 2000. The Amazonian Craton. In. CORDANI, U.G., MILANI, E.J., THOMAZ FILHA, A. & CAMPOS, D.A. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of South America. 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, 41-95.
109. TEMPERLEY, S. & WINDLEY, B. 1997. Grenvillian extensional tectonics in northwest Scotland. Geology, 25, 53-56.
110. THOMAS, W.A. 1991. The Appalachian-Ouachita rifted margin of southeastern North America. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 103, 415-431.
111. TOHVER, E., VAN DER PLUIJM, B.A., VAN DER VOO, R., RIZZOTTO, G. & SCANDOLARA, J.E. 2002. Paleogeography of the Amazon craton at 1.2 Ga early Grenvillian collision with the Llano segment of Laurentia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 199, 185-200.
112. TURNBULL, M.J.M., WHITEHOUSE, M.J. & MOORBATH, S. 1996. New isotopic age determinations for the Torridonian, NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 955-964.
113. VAN BREEMEN, O., AFTALION, M., PANKHURST, R.J. & RICHARDSON, S.W. 1979. Age of Glen Dessany syenite, Inverness-shire: diachronous Palaeozoic metamorphism across the Great Glen. Scottish Journal of Geology, 15, 49-62.
114. VANCE, D., STRACHAN, R.A. & JONES, K.A. 1998. Extensional versus compressional settings for metamorphism: garnet chronometry and pressure-temperature-time histories in the Moine Supergroup, northwest Scotland. Geology, 26, 927-930.
115. WALTER, M.R. & VEEVERS, J.J. 2000. Neoproterozoic Australia. In. VEEVERS, J.J. (ed.) Billion-Year Earth History of Australia and Neighbours in Gondwanaland. GEMOC Press, Sydney, 131-153.
116. WALTER, M.R., VEEVERS, J.J., CALVER, C.R. & GREY, K. 1995. Neoproterozoic stratigraphy of the Centralian Superbasin, Australia. Precambrian Research, 73, 173-195.
117. WARDLE, R.J. & VAN KRANENDONK, M.J. 1996, The Palaeoproterozoic Southeastern Churchill Province of Labrador-Quebec, Canada: orogenic development as a consequence of oblique collision and indentation. In: BREWER, T.S. (ed.) Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112, 137-153.
118. WASTENEYS, C.H., KAMO, S. MOSER, D., KROGH, T.E., GOWER, C.F. & OWEN, J.V. 1997. U-Pb geochronological constraints on the geological evolution of the Pinware terrane and adjacent areas, Grenville Province, southeast Labrador, Canada. Precambrian Research, 81, 101-128.
119. WATT, G.R. & THRANE, K. 2001. Early Neoproterozoic events in East Greenland. Precambrian Research, 110, 165-184.
120. WATT, G.R., KINNY, P.D. & FRIDERICHSEN, J.D. 2000. U-Pb geochronological of Neoproterozoic and Caledonian tectonothermall events in the East Greenland Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 1031-1048.
121. WEIL, A.B., VAN DER VOO, R., MAC NIOCAILL, C. & MEERT, J.G. 1998. The Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia: paleomagnetically derived reconstructions for 1100 to 800 Ma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 154, 13-24,
122. WILLIAMS, H., KUMARAPELI, P.S. & KNIGHT, I. 1995. Upper Precambrian-Lower Cambrian clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks (Humber Zone). In: WILLIAMS, H. (ed.) Geology of the Appalachian - Caledoman Orogen in Canada and Greenland. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, 6, 61-67.
123. WINCHESTER, J.A. 1984. The geochemistry of the Strathconan amphibolites, Northern Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 20, 37-51.
124. WINCHESTER, J.A. & FLOYD, P.A. 1983. The geochemistry of the Ben Hope sill suite, northern Scotland, UK. Chemical Geology, 43, 40-75.
125. WINGATE, M.T.D. & GIDDINGS, J.W. 2000. Age and palaeomagnetism of the Mundine Well dyke swarm, Western Australia: implications for an Australia-Laurentia connection at 755 Ma. Precambrian Research, 100, 335-357.
126. WINGATE, M.T.D., CAMPBELL, I.H., COMPSTON, W. & GIBSON, G.M. 1998. Ion microprobe U-Pb ages for Neoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in south-central Australia and implications for the breakup of Rodinia. Precambrian Research, 87, 135-159.
127. WINGATE, M.T.D., PISAREVSKY, S.4. & EVANS, D.A.D. 2002. Rodinia connections between Australia and Laurentia: no SWEAT, no AUSWUS? Terra Nova, 14, 121-128.
128. ZHAO, G. & CAWOOD, P.A. 1999. Tectonothermal evolution of the Mayuan assemblage in the Cathaysia Block: implications for Neoproterozoic collision-related assembly of the South China Craton. American Journal of Science, 299, 309-339