Grammar Customization

Research on Language and Computation

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 23-72

  Bender, Emily M ^a   Drellishak, Scott ^a   Fokkens, Antske ^b   Poulson, Laurie ^a   Saleem, Safiyyah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Grammar engineering; HPSG; Syntax; Typology

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952573513     PISSN: 15707075     EISSN: 15728706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11168-010-9070-1     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Abney, S. P. (1996). Statistical methods and linguistics. In J. L. Klavans & Resnik, P. (Eds.), The balancing act: Combining symbolic and statistical approaches to language, speech, and communication (pp. 1-26) London, England/Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press. http://www. lrec-conf. org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/349_paper. pdf.
2. Adolphs, P., Oepen, S., Callmeier, U., Crysmann, B., Flickinger, D., & Kiefer, B. (2008). Some fine points of hybrid natural language parsing. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC'08), Marrakech, Morocco (pp. 1380-1387).
3. Asher R., Kumari T. (1997) Malayalam. Routledge, New York.
4. Baldridge, J., Chatterjee, S., Palmer A., & Wing, B. (2007). DotCCG and VisCCG: Wiki and programming paradigms for improved grammar engineering with OpenCCG. In T. H. King & E. M. Bender (Eds.), Proceedings of the GEAF07 workshop (pp. 5-25) (CSLI). http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/GEAF/2007/papers/geaf07baldridgeetal. pdf.
5. Baldwin T., Beavers J., Bender E. M., Flickinger D., Kim A., Oepen S. (2005) Beauty and the beast: What running a broad-coverage precision grammar over the BNC taught us about the grammar-and the corpus. In: Kepser S., Reis M. (eds) Linguistic evidence: Empirical, theoretical, and computational perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 49-70.
6. Bateman J. A., Kruijff-Korbayová I., Kruijff G. (2005) Multilingual resource sharing across both related and unrelated languages: An implemented, open-source framework for practical natural language generation. Research on Language and Computation, Special Issue on Shared Representations in Multilingual Grammar Engineering 3(2): 191-219.
7. Beesley K. R., Karttunen L. (2003) Finite state morphology. CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
8. Bender, E. M. (2007). Combining research and pedagogy in the development of a crosslinguistic grammar resource. In T. H. King & E. M. Bender (Eds.), Proceedings of the GEAF 2007 workshop (pp. 26-45). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/GEAF/2007/papers/geaf07bender. pdf.
9. Bender, E. M. (2008a). Evaluating a crosslinguistic grammar resource: A case study of Wambaya. In Proceedings of ACL08: HLT (pp. 977-985). http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/P/P08/P08-1111. pdf.
10. Bender, E. M. (2008b). Grammar engineering for linguistic hypothesis testing. In N. Gaylord, A. Palmer, & E. Ponvert (Eds.), Proceedings of the Texas Linguistics Society X conference: Computational linguistics for less-studied languages (pp. 16-36). Stanford: CSLI Publications. http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/TLS/TLS10-2006/TLS10_Bender. pdf.
11. Bender, E. M. (2008c). Radical non-configurationality without shuffle operators. In S. Müller (Ed.), The proceedings of the 15th international conference on Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (pp. 6-24). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications (online). http://cslipublications. stanford. edu/HPSG/9/bender. pdf.
12. Bender, E. M. (2009). Linguistically naïve!= language independent: Why NLP needs linguistic typology. In Proceedings of the EACL 2009 workshop on the interaction between linguistics and computational linguistics: Virtuous, vicious or vacuous? (pp. 26-32). Athens, Greece: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W09-0106.
13. Bender, E. M., Drellishak, S., Fokkens, A., Goodman, M. W., Mills, D. P., Poulson, L., et al. (2010). Grammar prototyping and testing with the LinGO Grammar Matrix customization system. In Proceedings of the ACL 2010 system demonstrations (pp. 1-6). Uppsala, Sweden: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/P10-4001.
14. Bender, E. M., & Flickinger, D. (2005). Rapid prototyping of scalable grammars: Towards modularity in extensions to a language-independent core. In Proceedings of the 2nd international joint conference on natural language processing IJCNLP-05 (Posters/Demos) (pp. 203-208), Jeju Island, Korea. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/I/I05/I05-2035. pdf.
15. Bender, E. M., Flickinger, D., & Oepen, S. (2002). The grammar matrix: An open-source starter-kit for the rapid development of cross-linguistically consistent broad-coverage precision grammars. In J. Carroll, N. Oostdijk, & R. Sutcliffe (Eds.), Proceedings of the workshop on grammar engineering and evaluation at the 19th international conference on computational linguistics (pp. 8-14), Taipei, Taiwan. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W02/W02-1502. pdf.
16. Bender, E. M., & Good, J. (2005). Implementation for discovery: A bipartite lexicon to support morphological and syntactic analysis. In Proceedings from the panels of the 41st meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society (Vol. 41-2, pp. 1-15).
17. Bender, E. M., & Goss-Grubbs, D. (2008). Semantic representations of syntactically marked discourse status in crosslinguistic perspective. In Proceedings of semantics in systems for text processing (STEP 2008) (pp. 17-29) (College Publications). http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W08/W08-2203. pdf.
18. Bender, E. M., Poulson, L., Drellishak, S., & Evans, C. (2007). Validation and regression testing for a cross-linguistic grammar resource. In ACL 2007 workshop on deep linguistic processing (pp. 136-143). Prague, Czech Republic: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W07/W07-1218. pdf.
19. Bergmair, R. (2008). Monte Carlo semantics: McPIET at RTE4. In Text analysis conference (TAC 2008) workshop-RTE-4 track. National Institute of Standards and Technology. http://www. nist. gov/tac/publications/2008/participant. papers/cambridge. proceedings. pdf.
20. Bickel B. (2007) Typology in the 21st century: Major current developments. Linguistic Typology 11: 239-251.
21. Bierwisch M. (1963) Grammatik des deutschen Verbs, vol. II of Studia Grammatica. Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
22. Black, C. A. (2004, April). Parser and writer for syntax. Paper presented at the International conference on translation with computer-assisted technology: Changes in research, teaching, evaluation, and practice. University of Rome "La Sapienza".
23. Black, C. A., & Black, H. A. (2009). PAWS: Parser and writer for syntax: Drafting syntactic grammars in the third wave. In SIL Forum for language fieldwork (Vol. 2). http://www. sil. org/silepubs/Pubs/51432/SILForum2009-002. pdf.
24. Blake B. J. (2001) Case (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Blunsom, P., & Baldwin, T. (2006) Multilingual deep lexical acquisition for HPSGs via supertagging. In Proceedings of the 2006 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (pp. 164-171). http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W06/W06-1620. pdf.
26. Borthen K., Haugereid P. (2005) Representing referential properties of nominals. Research on Language and Computation 3(2): 221-246.
27. Bouillon, P., Rayner, M., Vall, B. N., Starlander, M., Santaholma, M., Nakao, Y., et al. (2007). Une grammaire partagée multi-tâche pour le traitement de la parole: application aux langues romanes. TAL (Traitement Automatique des Langues), 47(3), 155-173. http://www. atala. org/IMG/pdf/TAL-2006-47-3-08-Bouillon. pdf.
28. Branco, A., & Costa, F. (2010). A deep linguistic processing grammar for Portuguese. In Computational processing of the Portuguese language, Vol. LNAI6001 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (pp. 86-89). Berlin: Springer.
29. Butt, M., Dyvik, H., King, T. H., Masuichi, H., & Rohrer, C. (2002). The parallel grammar project. In J. Carroll, N. Oostdijk, & R. Sutcliffe (Eds.), Proceedings of the workshop on grammar engineering and evaluation at the 19th international conference on computational linguistics (pp. 1-7). http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W02/W02-1503. pdf.
30. Callmeier, U., Eisele, A., Schfer, U., & Siegel, M. (2004). The DeepThought core architecture framework. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC'04). Lisbon: Portugal.
31. Callmeier, U. (2002). Preprocessing and encoding techniques in PET. In Oepen, S., Flickinger, D., Tsujii, J., & Uszkoreit H. (Eds.), Collaborative language engineering. A case study in efficient grammar-based processing. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
32. Candito, M. (1998). Building parallel LTAG for French and Italian. In Proceedings of the 36th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and 17th international conference on computational linguistics (Vol. 1, pp. 211-217). Montreal, QC, Canada: Association for Computational Linguistics). doi: 10. 3115/980845. 980880. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/P98-1033.
33. Carpenter B. (1992) The logic of typed feature structures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
34. Chirikba V. (2003) Abkhaz. LINCOM, Munich.
35. Chomsky N. (1981) Lectures on government and binding. Foris, Dordrecht.
36. Chomsky N. (1986) Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin, and use. Praeger, New York.
37. Copestake, A. (1992). The ACQUILEX LKB: Representation issues in semi-automatic acquisition of large lexicons. In Proceedings of the 3rd conference on applied natural language processing (pp. 88-95) Trento, Italy: Association for Computational Linguistics. doi: 10. 3115/974499. 974515. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/A92-1012.
38. Copestake A. (2000) Appendix: Definitions of typed feature structures. Natural Language Engineering 6: 109-112. doi: 10. 1017/S1351324900002357.
39. Copestake A. (2002) Implementing typed feature structure grammars. CSLI Publications, Stanford.
40. Copestake A., Flickinger D., Pollard C., Sag I. A. (2005) Minimal recursion semantics: An introduction. Research on Language & Computation. 3(4): 281-332.
41. Corbett G. G. (1991) Gender. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
42. Corbett G. G. (2000) Number. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
43. Corbett G. G. (2006) Agreement. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
44. Crysmann, B. (2009) Autosegmental representations in an HPSG for Hausa. In Proceedings of the workshop on grammar engineering across frameworks 2009 (pp. 28-36), Singapore. http://140. 116. 245. 248/ACL-IJCNLP-2009/GEAF/pdf/GEAF04. pdf.
45. Cysouw M. (2003) The paradigmatic structure of person marking. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
46. Dalrymple M., Kaplan R. M. (2000) Feature indeterminacy and feature resolution. Language 76: 759-798.
47. de la Clergerie, É. V. (2005). From metagrammars to factorized TAG/TIG parsers. In Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on parsing technology (pp. 190-191). Vancouver, BC: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W05/W05-1522.
48. Dixon R. M. W. (1994) Ergativity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
49. Drellishak, S. (2004). A survey of coordination strategies in the world's languages. Master's thesis, University of Washington.
50. Drellishak, S. (2009). Widespread but not universal: Improving the typological coverage of the grammar matrix. Ph. D. thesis, University of Washington.
51. Drellishak, S., & Bender, E. M. (2005). A coordination module for a crosslinguistic grammar resource. In S. Müller (Ed.), The proceedings of the 12th international conference on Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (pp. 108-128). Stanford: CSLI Publications. http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/HPSG/6/drellishak-bender. pdf.
52. Dryer M. S. (1997) On the six-way word order typology. Studies in Language 21: 69-103.
53. Evans, N., & Levinson, S. C. (2009). The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(05), 429-448. doi: 10. 1017/S0140525X0999094X. http://journals. cambridge. org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online& aid=6427084& fulltextType=RA& fileId=S0140525X0999094X.
54. Flickinger D. (2000) On building a more efficient grammar by exploiting types. Natural Language Engineering 6(1): 15-28 (Special issue on efficient processing with HPSG).
55. Flickinger D., Oepen S., Tsujii J.-i., Uszkoreit H. (2000) Natural language engineering 6(1). Special issue on efficient processing with HPSG: Methods, systems, evaluation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
56. Fokkens A. S. (2010) Documentation for the Grammar Matrix word order library, Technical report. Saarland University, Saarbrücken.
57. Fokkens, A., Poulson, L., & Bender, E. M. (2009). Inflectional morphology in Turkish VP-coordination. In S. Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th international conference on head-driven phrase structure grammar (pp. 110-130). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications (online). http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/HPSG/2009/fokkens-poulson-bender. pdf.
58. Fortescue M. (2003) West Greenlandic. Croom Helm, London.
59. Frank A., Krieger H., Xu F., Uszkoreit H., Crysmann B., Jörg B., Schäfer U. (2007) Question answering from structured knowledge sources. Journal of Applied Logic, Special Issue on Questions and Answers: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives 5: 20-48.
60. Greenberg, J. (1963). Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. In Univerals of language (pp. 73-113). Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
61. Haeseryn W., Romijn K., Geerts G., de Rooij J., van den Toorn M. C. (1997) Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst (2nd ed.). Martinus Nijhoff uitgevers/Wolters Plantyn, Groningen/Deurne.
62. Haspelmath, M. (2007). Coordination. In Language typology and syntactic description, (2nd ed., Vol. II, pp. 1-51). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Haspelmath, M., Dryer, M. S., Gil, D., & Comrie, B. (Eds.) (2008). The world atlas of language structures online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. http://wals. info.
64. Hellan, L., & Haugereid, P. (2003). NorSource: An exercise in Matrix grammar-building design. In E. M. Bender, D. Flickinger, F. Fouvry, & M. Siegel (Eds.), Proceedings of the workshop on ideas and strategies for multilingual grammar development, ESSLLI 2003 (pp. 41-48), Vienna, Austria.
65. Ingria, R. J. P. (1990). The limits of unification. In Proceedings of the 28th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (pp. 194-204). Pittsburgh, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics. doi: 10. 3115/981823. 981848. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/P/P90/P90-1025. pdf.
66. Jelinek E. (1995) Quantification in Straits Salish. In: Bach E., Jelinek E., Kratzer A. (eds) Quantification in natural languages. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 487-540.
67. Kim, R., Dalrymple, M., Kaplan, R. M., King, T. H., Masuichi, H., & Ohkuma, T. (2003). Multilingual grammar development via grammar porting. In E. M. Bender, D. Flickinger, F. Fouvry, & M. Siegel (Eds.) Proceedings of the workshop on ideas and strategies for multilingual grammar development, ESSLLI 2003 (pp. 49-56).
68. King T. H., Forst M., Kuhn J., Butt M. (2005) The feature space in parallel grammar writing. Research on Language and Computation, Special Issue on Shared Representations in Multilingual Grammar Engineering 3(2): 139-163.
69. Kinyon, A., Rambow, O., Scheffler, T., Yoon, S., & Joshi, A. K. (2006). The metagrammar goes multilingual: A cross-linguistic look at the V2-phenomenon. In Proceedings of the 8th international workshop on tree adjoining grammar and related formalisms (pp. 17-24). Sydney, Australia: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W06/W06-1503.
70. Koenig J., Muansuwan N. (2005) The syntax of aspect in Thai. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 23: 335-380.
71. Kordoni V., Neu J. (2005) Deep analysis of modern Greek. In: Su K., Tsujii J., Lee J. (eds) Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 3248. Germany: Springer, Berlin, pp 674-683.
72. Krieger, H., & Schäfer, U. (1994). TDL-a type description language for constraint-based grammars. In Proceedings of the 15th international conference on computational linguistics (pp. 893-899), Kyoto, Japan. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology-new/C/C94/C94-2144. pdf.
73. Lewis, P. M. (Ed.) (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (16th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. http://www. ethnologue. com/.
74. Marimon, M. (2010). The Spanish resource grammar. In N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, J. Odijk, S. Piperidis, M. Rosner, & D. Tapias (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th conference on international language resources and evaluation (LREC'10). Valletta, Malta: European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
75. McConnel, S. (1995). PC-PATR reference manual. Summer Institute for Linguistics. http://www. sil. org/pcpatr/manual/pcpatr. html.
76. McShane M., Nirenburg S. (2003) Parameterizing and eliciting text elements across languages for use in natural language processing systems. Machine Translation 18: 129-165.
77. Monson, C., Llitjós, A. F., Ambati, V., Levin, L., Lavie, A., Alvarez, A., et al. (2008). Linguistic structure and bilingual informants help induce machine translation of lesser-resourced languages. In Proceedings of the 6th international language resources and evaluation (LREC'08) (pp. 2854-2859), Marrakech, Morocco. http://www. lrec-conf. org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/725_paper. pdf.
78. Moravcsik E. (1978) Agreement. In: Greenberg J. H., Ferguson C. A., Moravcsik E. A. (eds) Universals of human language, Vol. 4, Syntax. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp 331-374.
79. Müller, S. (1999). Deutsche Syntax deklarativ. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar für das Deutsche. Number 394 in Linguistische Arbeiten Tübingen. Germany: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
80. Müller S. (2007) Head-driven phrase structure grammar: Ein Einführung. Stauffenburg Verlag, Tübingen.
81. Müller, S. (2009). Towards an HPSG analysis of Maltese. In B. Comrie, R. Fabri, B. Hume, M. Mifsud, T. Stolz, & M. Vanhove (Eds.), Introducing Maltese linguistics. Papers from the 1st international conference on Maltese linguistics (Bremen/Germany, 18-20 October, 2007), Vol. 113 of Studies in Language Companion Series (pp. 83-112). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.
82. Müller S. (2010) Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance-based analyses. Journal of Linguistics 46(3): 601-655.
83. Müller S., Kasper W., Wahlster W. (2000) HPSG analysis of German. In: (eds) Springer, Berlin, pp 238-253.
84. Müller, S., & Lipenkova, J. (2009). Serial verb constructions in Chinese: A HPSG account. In S. Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, University of Göttingen, Germany (pp. 234-254). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/HPSG/2009/mueller-lipenkova. pdf.
85. Newman P. (2000) The Hausa Language: An encyclopedic reference grammar. Yale University Press, New Haven.
86. Newmeyer F. J. (2004) Against a parameter-setting approach to typological variation. Linguistic Variation Yearbook 4: 181-234.
87. Newmeyer F. J. (2005) Possible and probable languages: A generative perspective on linguistic typology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
88. Nichols J. (2007) What, if anything, is typology?. Linguistic Typology 11: 231-238.
89. Nichols, E., Bond, F., Tanaka, T., Fujita, S., & Flickinger, D. (2006). Multilingual ontology acquisition from multiple MRDs. In Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on ontology learning and population: Bridging the gap between text and knowledge (pp. 10-17). Sydney, Australia: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W/W06/W06-0502. pdf.
90. Nordlinger R. (1998) A Grammar of Wambaya, Northern Australia. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra.
91. Oepen, S. (2001). [incr tsdb()]- Competence and performance laboratory. User manual. Technical report, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
92. Oepen, S., Flickinger, D., Ichi Tsujii, J., & Uszkoreit, H. (Eds.) (2002). Collaborative language engineering. A case study in efficient grammar-based processing. CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA.
93. Oepen, S., & Flickinger, D. P. (1998). Towards systematic grammar profiling. Test suite technology ten years after. Journal of Computer Speech and Language, 12(4) (Special Issue on Evaluation), 411-436.
94. Oepen, S., Velldal, E., Lønning, J. T., Meurer, P., Rosén, V., & Flickinger, D. (2007). Towards hybrid quality-oriented machine translation-on linguistics and probabilities in MT. In Proceedings of the 11th conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation (TMI-07), Skövde, Sweden.
95. O'Hara, K. (2008). A morphotactic infrastructure for a grammar customization system. Master's thesis, University of Washington.
96. Ørsnes, B. (2009). Preposed sentential negation in Danish. In S. Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, University of Göttingen, Germany (pp. 255-275). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. http://csli-publications. stanford. edu/HPSG/2009/oersnes. pdf.
97. Payne J. R. (1985) Complex phrases and complex sentences. In: Shopen T. (eds) Language typology and syntactic description Vol. 2, Complex constructions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 3-41.
98. Pensalfini R. (2003) A grammar of Jingulu: An aboriginal language of the Northern Territory. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra.
99. Pollard, C., & Sag, I. A. (1994). Head-driven phrase structure grammar. Studies in Contemporary Linguistics. Chicago, IL and Stanford, CA: The University of Chicago Press and CSLI Publications.
100. Poulson, L. (2006). Evaluating a cross-linguistic grammar model: Methodology and test-suite resource development. Master's thesis, University of Washington.
101. Press M. (1979) Chemehuevi: A grammar and lexicon. University of California Press, Berkeley.
102. Probst, K., Brown, R., Carbonell, J., Lavie, A., Levin, L., & Peterson, E. (2001). Design and implementation of controlled elicitation for machine translation of low-density languages. In Workshop MT2010 at machine translation summit VIII (pp. 189-192).
103. Przepiórkowski A. (2000) Long distance genitive of negation in Polish. Journal of Slavic linguistics 8: 151-189.
104. Ranta A. (2007) Modular grammar engineering in GF. Research on Language & Computation 5: 133-158.
105. Rijkhoff J., Bakker D. (1998) Language sampling. Linguistic Typology 2: 263-314.
106. Ruhlen M. (1987) A guide to the world's languages. Vol. 1: Classification. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
107. Rupp, C., Copestake, A., Corbett, P., & Waldron, B. (2007). Integrating general-purpose and domain-specific components in the analysis of scientific text. In Proceedings of the UK e-Science programme all hands meeting (AHM2007) (pp. 446-453), Nottingham, UK. http://www. allhands. org. uk/2007/proceedings/proceedings/proceedings. pdf.
108. Saleem, S., & Bender, E. M. (2010). Argument optionality in the LinGO Grammar Matrix. In Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on computational linguistics (pp. 1068-1076), Beijing, China: COLING 2010 Organizing Committee. http://aclweb. org/anthology-new/C/C10/C10-2123. pdf.
109. Schäfer, U. (2007). Integrating deep and shallow natural language processing components-representations and hybrid architectures. Ph. D. thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. http://www. dfki. de/~uschaefer/diss/.
110. Sheremetyeva, S., & Nirenburg, S. (2000). Acquisition of a language computational model for NLP. In Proceedings of COLING'2000 (pp. 1111-1115), Saarbrücken, Germany. http://aclweb. org/anthology-new/C/C00/C00-2168. pdf.
111. Siegel, M., & Bender, E. M. (2002). Efficient deep processing of Japanese. In Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Asian language resources and international standardization at the 19th international conference on computational linguistics, Taipei, Taiwan.
112. Siewierska A. (2004) Person. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
113. Smirnova A. M. (1982) The Hausa language: A descriptive grammar. Routledge, Boston.
114. Smith C. S. (1997) The parameter of aspect (2nd ed.). Kluwer, Dordrecht.
115. Sneddon J. N. (1996) Indonesian: A comprehensive grammar. Routledge, New York.
116. Song, S., Kim, J., Bond, F., & Yang, J. (2010). Development of the Korean resource grammar: Towards grammar customization. In Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Asian language resources (pp. 144-152). Beijing, China: Coling 2010 Organizing Committee. http://www. aclweb. org/anthology/W10-3219.
117. Stassen L. (2000) And-languages and with-languages. Linguistic Typology 4: 1-54.
118. Taylor C. (1985) Nkore-Kiga. Croom Helm, London.
119. Toutanova K., Manning C. D., Flickinger D., Oepen S. (2005) Stochastic HPSG parse disambiguation using the Redwoods corpus. Research on Language & Computation 3(1): 83-105.
120. Velldal, E. (2008). Empirical realization ranking. Ph. D. thesis, University of Oslo, Department of Informatics.
121. Voegelin C. F., Voegelin F. M. (1977) Classification and index of the world's languages. Elsevier, New York.
122. Zhang, Y., & Kordoni, V. (2006). Automated deep lexical acquisition for robust open texts processing. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC 2006) (pp. 275-280). http://hnk. ffzg. hr/bibl/lrec2006/.