Environmental factors and testicular function

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 391-402

  Giwercman, Aleksander ^a   Giwercman, Yvonne Lundberg ^b  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

cryptorchidism; endocrine disruptors; environment; fertility; gene environment interaction; hypospadias; lifestyle; semen quality; sex hormones; testicular cancer

Indexed keywords

ANDROSTANOLONE; ESTRADIOL; SEX HORMONE; STEROID 5ALPHA REDUCTASE; TESTOSTERONE;

ADULTHOOD; CANCER RISK; CELL FUNCTION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CRYPTORCHISM; DEL CASTILLO SYNDROME; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENE INTERACTION; GENE MUTATION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GEOGRAPHY; HEREDITY; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; HYPOSPADIAS; LIFESTYLE; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; PRENATAL PERIOD; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SCROTUM DISORDER; SEMEN ANALYSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SEX HORMONE DETERMINATION; SPERM; TESTIS CANCER; TESTIS DISEASE; TESTIS FUNCTION; URETHRA MALFORMATION;

ANIMALS; CRYPTORCHIDISM; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; FEMALE; GENES; GENITALIA, MALE; GONADAL DYSGENESIS; HUMANS; HYPOSPADIAS; INFERTILITY, MALE; LIFE STYLE; MALE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; SEMEN ANALYSIS; TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS; TESTIS;

EID: 79952566232     PISSN: 1521690X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.09.011     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N et al. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. British Medical Journal 1992; 305: 609-613.
2. Scheike TH, Rylander L, Carstensen L et al. Time trends in human fecundability in Sweden. Epidemiology 2008 Mar; 19(2): 191-196. (Pubitemid 351253003)
3. Richiardi L, Bellocco R, Adami HO et al. Testicular cancer incidence in eight northern European countries: secular and recent trends. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2004; 13(12): 2157-2166. (Pubitemid 40054312)
4. McGlynn KA, Devesa SS, Sigurdson AJ et al. Trends in the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors in the United States. Cancer 2003; 97(1): 63-70. (Pubitemid 36033864)
5. Scorer CG. The descent of the testis. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1964; 39: 605-609.
6. Cryptorchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-88. John Radcliffe Hospital cryptorchidism study group. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1992; 67: 892-899.
7. Acerini CL, Miles HL, Dunger DB et al. The descriptive epidemiology of congenital and acquired cryptorchidism in a UK infant cohort. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2009 Nov; 94(11): 868-872.
8. *8. Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P et al. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environmental Health Perspectives 1996; 104: 741-803.
9. Jorgensen N, Andersen AG, Eustache F et al. Regional differences in semen quality in Europe. Human Reproduction 2001; 16 (5): 1012-1019. (Pubitemid 32451842)
10. Jorgensen N, Carlsen E, Nermoen I et al. East-West gradient in semen quality in the Nordic-Baltic area: a study of men from the general population in Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland. Human Reproduction 2002; 17(8): 2199-2208.
11. Jensen TK, Slama R, Ducot B et al. Regional differences in waiting time to pregnancy among fertile couples from four european cities. Human Reproduction 2001; 16(12): 2697-2704. (Pubitemid 34007494)
12. Swan SH. Semen quality in fertile US men in relation to geographical area and pesticide exposure. International Journal of Andrology 2006 Feb; 29(1): 62-68. discussion 105-8.
13. Boisen KA, Kaleva M, Main KM et al. Difference in prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in infants between two nordic countries. Lancet 2004; 363(9417): 1264-1269. (Pubitemid 38496487)
14. Boisen KA, Chellakooty M, Schmidt IM et al. Hypospadias in a cohort of 1072 Danish newborn boys: prevalence and relationship to placental weight, anthropometrical measurements at birth, and reproductive hormone levels at three months of age. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005; 90(7): 4041-4046. (Pubitemid 41058169)
15. Virtanen HE, Kaleva M, Haavisto AM et al. The birth rate of hypospadias in the Turku area in Finland. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2001; 109(2): 96-100. (Pubitemid 32424136)
16. Richthoff J, Rylander L, Hagmar L et al. Higher sperm counts in Southern Sweden compared with Denmark. Human Reproduction 2002; 17: 2468-2473. (Pubitemid 35021477)
17. Myrup C, Westergaard T, Schnack T et al. Testicular cancer risk in first- and second-generation immigrants to Denmark. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2008 Jan 2; 100(1): 41-47. (Pubitemid 351767342)
18. Hemminki K & Li X. Cancer risks in Nordic immigrants and their offspring in Sweden. European Journal of Cancer 2002; 38 (18): 2428-2434. (Pubitemid 35387496)
19. Krysiak-Baltyn K, Toppari J, Skakkebaek NE et al. Country-specific chemical signatures of persistent environmental compounds in breast milk. International Journal of Andrology 2010 Apr; 33(2): 270-278.
20. *20. Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E & Main KM. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Human Reproduction 2001 May; 16(5): 972-978.
21. Jorgensen N, Meyts ER, Main KM et al. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome comprises some but not all cases of hypospadias and impaired spermatogenesis. International Journal of Andrology 2010 Apr; 33(2): 298-303.
22. Quigley CA, De Bellis A, Marschke KB et al. Androgen receptor defects: historical, clinical, and molecular perspectives. Endocrine Reviews 1995; 16: 271-321.
23. Sinclair AH, Berta P, Palmer MS et al. A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature 1990; 346: 240-244.
24. Wilson JD, Griffin JE & Russell DW. Steroid 5-alphe-reductase 2 deficiency. Endocrine Reviews 1993; 14: 577-593.
25. Kelce WR, Monosson E&Gray Jr. LE. Anenvironmental antiandrogen. Recent Progress in Hormone Research 1995; 50: 449-453.
26. Wilson VS, Blystone CR, Hotchkiss AK et al. Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development. International Journal of Andrology 2008 Apr; 31(2): 178-187.
27. O'Malley BW & McGuire WL. Studies on the mechanism of estrogen-mediated tissue differentiation: regulation of nuclear transcription and induction of new RNA species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1968 Aug; 60(4): 1527-1534.
28. Silva E, Kabil A & Kortenkamp A. Cross-talk between non-genomic and genomic signalling pathways-distinct effect profiles of environmental estrogens. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2010 Jun 1; 245(2): 160-170.
29. Rajapakse N, Ong D & Kortenkamp A. Defining the impact of weakly estrogenic chemicals on the action of steroidal estrogens. Toxicological Sciences 2001 Apr; 60(2): 296-304. (Pubitemid 32273319)
30. Guo YL, Hsu PC, Hsu CC et al. Semen quality after prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. Lancet 2000; 356: 1240-1241.
31. Guo YL, Lambert GH, Hsu CC et al. Yucheng: health effects of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2004 Apr; 77(3): 153-158. (Pubitemid 38678973)
32. Bush B, Bennett A & Snow J. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, p, p0-DDE, and sperm function in humans. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1986; 15: 333-341. (Pubitemid 16064701)
33. Hauser R, Chen Z, Pothier L et al. The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p, p0-DDE. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003; 111(12): 1505-1511. (Pubitemid 37120830)
34. *34. Richthoff J, Rylander L, Jonsson BA et al. Serum levels of 2,20,4,4',5,50-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) in relation to markers of reproductive function in young males from the general Swedish population. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003; 111 (4): 409-413.
35. Aneck-Hahn NH, Schulenburg GW, Bornman MS et al. Impaired semen quality associated with environmental DDT exposure in young men living in a malaria area in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Journal of Andrology 2007 May-Jun; 28(3): 423-434. (Pubitemid 46662965)
36. Ayotte P, Giroux S, Dewailly E et al. DDT spraying for malaria control and reproductive function in Mexican men. Epidemiology 2001; 12(3): 366-367. (Pubitemid 32336406)
37. Dallinga JW, Moonen EJ, Dumoulin JC et al. Decreased human semen quality and organochlorine compounds in blood. Human Reproduction 2002 Aug; 17(8): 1973-1979.
38. Toft G, Rignell-Hydbom A, Tyrkiel E et al. Semen quality and exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants in an Inuit and three European cohorts. Epidemiology 2006; 17: 450-458. (Pubitemid 44305519)
39. *39. Spano M, Toft G, Hagmar L et al. Exposure to PCB and p, p′-DDE in European and Inuit populations: impact on human sperm chromatin integrity. Human Reproduction 2005; 20(12): 3488-3499.
40. James WH. Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels at the time of conception. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1996; 180: 271-286. (Pubitemid 26258548)
41. Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Ferrari E et al. Paternal concentration of dioxin and sex ratio of offspring. Lancet 2000; 355: 1858-1863. (Pubitemid 30311877)
42. del Rio Gomez I, Marshall T, Tsai P et al. Number of boys born to men exposed to polychlorinated byphenyls. Lancet 2002 Jul 13; 360(9327): 143-144. (Pubitemid 34786207)
43. Karmaus W, Huang S & Cameron L. Parental concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and polychlorinated biphenyls in Michigan fish eaters and sex ratio in offspring. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002 Jan; 44(1): 8-13. (Pubitemid 34052801)
44. Rylander L, Stromberg U & Hagmar L. Decreased birthweight among infants born to women with a high dietary intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 1995 Oct; 21(5): 368-375.
45. Tiido T, Rignell-Hydbom A, J'nsson B et al. Exposure to persistent organohalogen pollutants associates with human sperm Y: X chromosome ratio. Human Reproduction 2005.
46. Sanchez-Pena LC, Reyes BE, Lopez-Carrillo L et al. Organophosphorous pesticide exposure alters sperm chromatin structure in Mexican agricultural workers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2004 Apr 1; 196(1): 108-113. (Pubitemid 38393698)
47. Meeker JD, Barr DB & Hauser R. Human semen quality and sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides. Human Reproduction 2008 Aug; 23(8): 1932-1940. (Pubitemid 352020028)
48. Perez-Herrera N, Polanco-Minaya H, Salazar-Arredondo E et al. PON1Q192R genetic polymorphism modifies organophosphorous pesticide effects on semen quality and DNA integrity in agricultural workers from southern Mexico. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2008 Jul 15; 230(2): 261-268.
49. Larsen SB, Giwercman A, Spano M et al. A longitudinal study of semen quality in pesticide spraying Danish farmers. The ASCLEPIOS Study Group. Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 1998 Nov-Dec; 12(6): 581-589.
50. Juhler RK, Larsen SB, Meyer O et al. Human semen quality in relation to dietary pesticide exposure and organic food. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1999; 37: 415-423. (Pubitemid 29461450)
51. Somers CM, McCarry BE, Malek F et al. Reduction of particulate air pollution lowers the risk of heritable mutations in mice. Science 2004 May 14; 304(5673): 1008-1010. (Pubitemid 38638098)
52. Rubes J, Selevan SG, Evenson DP et al. Episodic air pollution is associated with increased DNA fragmentation in human sperm without other changes in semen quality. Human Reproduction 2005 Oct; 20(10): 2776-2783. (Pubitemid 41487633)
53. Svechnikov K, Svechnikova I & Soder O. Inhibitory effects of mono-ethylhexyl phthalate on steroidogenesis in immature and adult rat Leydig cells in vitro. Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 2008 Aug; 25(4): 485-490.
54. Duty SM, Calafat AM, Silva MJ et al. The relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and computer-aided sperm analysis motion parameters. Journal of Andrology 2004; 25(2): 293-302. (Pubitemid 38240672)
55. Duty SM, Silva MJ, Barr DB et al. Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters. Epidemiology 2003; 14(3): 269-277. (Pubitemid 40417077)
56. Hauser R, Williams P, Altshul L et al. Evidence of interaction between polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates in relation to human sperm motility. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005 Apr; 113(4): 425-430. (Pubitemid 40601820)
57. Jonsson BA, Richthoff J, Rylander L et al. Urinary phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of reproductive function in young men. Epidemiology 2005; 16(4): 487-493. (Pubitemid 40847832)
58. *58. Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F et al. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005 Aug; 113(8): 1056-1061.
59. Pant N, Shukla M, Kumar Patel D et al. Correlation of phthalate exposures with semen quality. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2008 Aug 15; 231(1): 112-116.
60. Jacobsen PR, Christiansen S, Boberg J et al. Combined exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides impairs parturition, causes pup mortality and affects sexual differentiation in rats. International Journal of Andrology 2010 Apr; 33(2): 434-442.
61. Rider CV, Furr JR, Wilson VS et al. Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of reproductive toxicants that disrupt common target tissues via diverse mechanisms of toxicity. International Journal of Andrology 2010 Apr; 33(2): 443-462.
62. Carlsen E, Swan SH, Petersen JH et al. Longitudinal changes in semen parameters in young Danish men from the Copenhagen area. Human Reproduction 2005 Apr; 20(4): 942-949. (Pubitemid 40667839)
63. Gyllenborg J, Skakkebaek NE, Nielsen NC et al. Secular and seasonal changes in semen quality among young Danish men: a statistical analysis of semen samples from 1927 donor candidates during 1977-1995. International Journal of Andrology 1999; 22: 28-36.
64. *64. Vine MF, Margolin BH, Morrison HI et al. Cigarette smoking and sperm density: a meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility 1994; 61: 35-43.
65. Shen HM, Chia SE, Ni ZY et al. Detection of oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and the association with cigarette smoking. Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 1997; 11(5): 675-680.
66. Trisini AT, Singh NP, Duty SM et al. Relationship between human semen parameters and deoxyribonucleic acid damage assessed by the neutral comet assay. Fertility and Sterility 2004; 82(6): 1623-1632. (Pubitemid 39611392)
67. Viloria T, Meseguer M, Martinez-Conejero JA et al. Cigarette smoking affects specific sperm oxidative defense but does not cause oxidative DNA damage in infertile men. Fertility and Sterility 2009 Apr 24.
68. *68. Jensen TK, Andersson AM, Jorgensen N et al. Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men. Fertility and Sterility 2004; 82(4): 863-870.
69. Hammoud AO, Wilde N, Gibson M et al. Male obesity and alteration in sperm parameters. Fertility and Sterility 2008 Dec; 90(6): 2222-2225.
70. MacDonald AA, Herbison GP, Showell M et al. The impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproductive hormones in human males: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update 2010 May-Jun; 16(3): 293-311.
71. Abel EL. Marihuana and sex: a critical survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1981 Aug; 8(1): 1-22. (Pubitemid 11004809)
72. Bracken MB, Eskenazi B, Sachse K et al. Association of cocaine use with sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Fertility and Sterility 1990; 53: 315-322. (Pubitemid 20076363)
73. Kumar S, Kumari A & Murarka S. Lifestyle factors in deteriorating male reproductive health. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 2009 Aug; 47(8): 615-624.
74. *74. Jensen MS, Mabeck LM, Toft G et al. Lower sperm counts following prenatal tobacco exposure. Human Reproduction 2005; 20(9): 2559-2566.
75. Storgaard L, Bonde JP, Ernst E et al. Does smoking during pregnancy affect sons' sperm counts? Epidemiology 2003; 14(3): 278-286.
76. Ramlau-Hansen CH, Nohr EA, Thulstrup AM et al. Is maternal obesity related to semen quality in the male offspring? A pilot study. Human Reproduction 2007 Oct; 22(10): 2758-2762. (Pubitemid 47434223)
77. *77. Giwercman A, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A et al. Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length as a modifier of the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure markers and semen characteristics. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 2007 Jun; 17(6): 391-401.
78. Rubes J, Selevan SG, Sram RJ et al. GSTM1 genotype influences the susceptibility of men to sperm DNA damage associated with exposure to air pollution. Mutation Research 2007 Dec 1; 625(1-2): 20-28. (Pubitemid 350019471)
79. Fraga MF, Ballestar E, Paz MF et al. Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 Jul 26; 102(30): 10604-10609. (Pubitemid 41061601)
80. Surani MA, Hayashi K & Hajkova P. Genetic and epigenetic regulators of pluripotency. Cell 2007 Feb 23; 128(4): 747-762. (Pubitemid 46273582)
81. Hitchins MP, Wong JJ, Suthers G et al. Inheritance of a cancer-associated MLH1 germ-line epimutation. The New England Journal of Medicine 2007 Feb 15; 356(7): 697-705.
82. Stouder C & Paoloni-Giacobino A. Transgenerational effects of the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin on the methylation pattern of imprinted genes in the mouse sperm. Reproduction 2010 Feb; 139(2): 373-379.