Martti koskenniemi and the spirit of the beehive in international law

Global Jurist

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2010, Pages

  De La Rasilla Del Moral, Ignacio ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

culture of formalism; Koskenniemi; new approaches to international law; the politics of international law

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952471269     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19342640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2202/1934-2640.1335     Document Type: Article

References (447)

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2. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT, REISSUE WITH A NEW EPILOGUE (2005).
3. Björn Elberling, Book Review, German Yearbook of International Law 712 (2006)
4. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT, REISSUE WITH A NEW EPILOGUE (2005)
5. Jean D'Aspremont, International Law as a Grammar: Koskenniemi's From Apology to Utopia Revisited, Global Law Books 1 (2006)
6. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT, REISSUE WITH A NEW EPILOGUE (2005).
7. Jean D'Aspremont, Uniting Pragmatism and Theory in International Legal Scholarship: Koskenniemi's From Apology to Utopia revisited, 19.1 Revue québécoise de droit international 353 (2007)
8. Rreviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT, REISSUE A NEW EPILOGUE (2005).
9. Ignacio de la Rasilla del Moral, Recensión bibliográfica, 12 Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales 1 (2006)
10. Rreviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT, REISSUE WITH A NEW EPILOGUE (2005).
11. Morag Goodwin and Alexandra Kemmerer, Editorial: The same performance, and so different. Marking the re-publication of From Apology to Utopia, 7:12 German Law Journal 977 (2006).
12. David Kennedy, The last treatise: project and person. (Reflections on Martti Koskenniemi's From Apology to Utopia), 7:12
13. German Law Journal 982 (2006).
14. Anne Orford, A Journal of the Voyage from Apology to Utopia, 7:12
15. German Law Journal 993 (2006).
16. Christoph Möllers, It's about Legal Practice, Stupid!, 12:7
17. German Law Journal 1011 (2006).
18. Jochen von Bernstorff, Sisyphus was an international lawyer. On Martti Koskenniemi's 'From Apology to Utopia' and the place of law in international politics, 7:12
19. German Law Journal 1016 (2006).
20. Mario Prost, Born Again Lawyer, FATU as An Antidote to the 'Positivist Blues', 7:12
21. German Law Journal 1038 (2006).
22. Jason Beckett, Rebel without a Cause? Martti Koskenniemi and the Critical Legal Project, 7:12
23. German Law Journal 1045 (2006)
24. German Law Journal 1045 (2006). Balakrishnan Rajagopal, Martti Koskenniemi's From Apology to Utopia: a reflection, 7:12
25. German Law Journal 1095 (2006)
26. German Law Journal 1095 (2006). Florian Hoffmann, An Epilogue on an Epilogue, 7:12
27. German Law Journal 1096 (2006)
28. German Law Journal 1096 (2006).
29. Martti Koskenniemi, A Response, 7:12 German Law Journal 1103 (2006).
30. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT, REISSUE WITH A NEW EPILOGUE (2005) (hereinafter alternatively From Apology to Utopia or FATU) .
31. Iain Scobbie, Towards the Elimination of International Law: Some Radical Scepticism About Sceptical Radicalism, 61 British Yearkbook of International Law 339 (1990).
32. David Kennedy, Review, 31 Harvard International Law Journal 385 (1990)
33. Rreviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA.THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989).
34. Anthony Carty, Liberalism's Dangerous Supplements: Medieval Ghosts of International Law 13 Michigan Journal of International Law 161 (1991-1992)
35. Rreviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989).
36. Nicholas Onuf, Review, 84:3
37. The American Journal of International Law 771 (1990)
38. Rreviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989).
39. Ulrich Fastenrath, Review, 31 Archiv des Völkerrechts, 184 (1993)
40. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989).
41. Lea Brilmayer, Review, 85:2
42. The American Political Science Review 687 (1991)
43. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989).
44. Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Review, 1 Finnish Yearbook of International Law (1990)
45. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989)
46. David J. Bederman, Review, 23 New York Journal of International Law and Politics 225 (1990)
47. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989)
48. Vaugham Lowe, Review, 17 Journal of Law and Society 386 (1990)
49. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY TO UTOPIA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ARGUMENT (1989) .
50. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2001).
51. George Galindo Bandeira, Martti Koskenniemi and the Historiographical Turn in International Law, 16 European Journal of International Law 539 (2005).
52. Robert Cryer, Déjà vu in International Law 65, Modern Law Review 931 (2002)
53. Penelope Simons, Review, 8 Journal of the History of International Law 1087 (2006)
54. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2001)
55. Guénael Mettraux, 3:1 International Criminal Law Review 79 (2003)
56. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
57. Marius Emberland, Review, 52 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 272 (2003)
58. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2001).
59. Rein Müllerson, Review, 13 European Journal of International Law 727 (2002)
60. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
61. A.W. Brian Simpson, Review, 96:4 The American Journal of International Law, 995 (2002)
62. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
63. Ingo Hueck, Review, 21 German History 425 (2003)
64. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
65. Iain Clark, Review, 23 The Australian Yearbook of International Law 203 (2004)
66. Review, British Yearbook of International Law 370 (2003)
67. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
68. Michael Stolleis, Review, 73 Nordic Journal of International Law 265 (2004)
69. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
70. Douglas M. Johnston, Review, International Journal of Legal Information 538 (2004)
71. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
72. Michael Rask Madsen, Review, 47:1 Acta Sociologica, 105 (2004)
73. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002).
74. Ignacio de la Rasilla del Moral Recensión bibliográfica, 16 Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales 1 (2008)
75. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2002) .
76. See e.g. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI (ED.) INTERNATIONAL LAW (1991)
77. Jan Klabbers, Review, International Journal of Group Rights 159 (1993-1994)
78. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI (ED.) INTERNATIONAL LAW (1992) .
79. See, e.g. Martti Koskenniemi International Law in Europe: Between Tradition and Renewal 16 European Journal of International Law 113 (2005)
80. With comments by: Pierre Marie Dupuy, Some Reflections on Contemporary International Law and the Appeal of Universal Values: A Response to Martti Koskenniemi 16 European Journal of International Law 131 (2005)
81. Oliver Gerstenberg, What International Law Should (Not) Become: A Comment on Koskenniemi 16 European Journal of International Law 125 (2005)
82. Gerald L. Neuman, Talking to Ourselves 16 European Journal of International Law 139 (2005).
83. More recently see the responses triggered by Martti Koskenniemi The Politics of International Law - 20 Years Later 20 European Journal of International Law 1 (2009) .
84. See for an array of sympathetic representative accounts in the context of the contribution of Koskenniemi's work to the critical approaches to international law, although far from exhaustively: Anthony Carty, Critical International Law: Recent Trends in the Theory of International Law, 2 European Journal of International Law 1 (1991)
85. Nigel Purvis, Critical Legal Studies in Public International Law, 32 Harvard International Law Journal 81 (1991)
86. Andreas L. Paulus, International Law After Postmodernism: Towards Renewal or Decline of International Law?, 14 Leiden Journal of International Law 727 (2001)
87. Jason A. Beckett, Countering Uncertainty and Ending Up/Down Arguments: Prolegomena to a Response to NAIL 16 European Journal of International Law 213-238 (2005)
88. Deborah Cass, Navigating the Newstream: Recent Critical Legal Scholarship in International Law 65 Nordic Journal of International Law 341(1996)
89. Outi Korhonen, New International Law: Silence, Defence or Deliverance 7 European Journal of International Law 1 (1996).
90. CHINA MIEVILLE, BETWEEN EQUAL RIGHTS: A MARXIST THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (2005).
91. J.PETMAN & J.KLABBERS (EDS) NORDIC COSMOPOLITANISM: ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI (2003).
92. Daniel Warner, Review, 73 Nordic Journal of International Law 387 (2004)
93. Reviewing J.PETMAN & J.KLABBERS(EDS) NORDIC COSMOPOLITANISM: ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI (2003).
94. CAIDA DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL 1870-1960 (2005) For a review in Spanish language, Ignacio de la Rasilla del Moral Recensión bibliográfica, 16 Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales 1 (2008)
95. Reviewing EL DISCRETO CIVILIZADOR DE LAS NACIONES: AUGE Y CAIDA DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL 1870-1960 (2005).
96. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007)
97. For reviews of this work, see so far Yves Daudet, Review, Annuaire français de droit international 868 (2006)
98. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007)
99. Horatia Muir Watt, Review, Révue critique de droit international privé 699 (2007)
100. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007)
101. Anikó Rais, Review, 5 Milkosc Journal of International Law 71 (2008)
102. Reviewing MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007)
103. Rémi Bachand, La critique en droit international: Réflexions autour des livres de Koskenniemi, Anghie et Miéville, 19.2 Revue québecoise de droit international 1 (2006).
104. Emmanuelle Jouannet, Présentation critique, in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007) .
105. See for the seminal work David Kennedy, A New Stream of International Legal Scholarship 7 Wisconsin International Law Journal, 1 (1988);
106. See Cass, supra note 8.
107. See in Spanish Ignacio Forcada Barona, El concepto de Derecho Internacional Público en el umbral del siglo XXI: la "Nueva Corriente" 9 Anuario Argentino de Derecho internacional 181 (1999).
108. See David Kennedy and Christopher Tennant, New Approaches to International Law: A Bibliography 35 Harvard International Law Journal, 417 (1994). (Pubitemid 24811303)
109. David Kennedy, The Disciplines of International Law and Policy 12 Leiden Journal of International Law, 9 (1999)
110. David Kennedy, When Renewal Repeats: Thinking Against the Box 32 New York Journal of International Law and Politics 2, 335 (2000)
111. David Kennedy, My Talk at the ASIL: What is New Thinking in International Law? Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law, 104 (2000).
112. See, e.g. also, Thomas Skouteris and Outi Korhonen, Under Rhodes's Eyes: The "Old" and the "New" International Law at Looking Distance, 11 Leiden Journal of International Law 429 (1998), which, notably enough, includes a selective bibliographyof Newstream writing;
113. See also: Thomas Skouteris FIN de NAIL: New Approaches to International Law and its Impact on Contemporary International Legal Scholarship, 10 Leiden Journal of International Law 415 (1997) .
114. Gerry Simpson Imagined Consent: Democratic Liberalism in International Legal Theory', 15 Australian Yearbook of International Law 103 (1994) at 109.
115. Paulus, International Law After Post-Modernism, supra note 8.
116. Carty, Critical International Law, supra note 8.
117. Bruno Simma, Editorial 3 European Journal of International Law, 1, 2, (1992).
118. Jean Pierre-Cot, Tableau de la pensée juridique américaine 3 Révue Générale de droit international public, 587- 589 (2006).
119. For a response to that qualification, See: Martti Koskenniemi, Le style comme méthode: lettre aux organisateurs du symposium in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 391 (1997)
120. Originally published as Style as Method: A Letter to the Editor's of the Symposium, 93 American Journal of International Law 351 (1999)
121. Also published as Martti Koskenniemi, Style as Method: Letter to the Editors of the Symposium', in THE METHODS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 109 (Steven R. Ratner and Anne-Marie Slaughter, eds., 2004) .
122. Iain Scobbie, Wicked Heresies or Legitimate Perspectives? Theory and International Law, in INTERNATIONAL LAW 83-112 at 102 (Malcolm Evans, dir. 2nd, 2006)
123. See in the same work analysing the notion of "intrumentalism" in international law Martti Koskenniemi, What is International Law For?, in INTERNATIONAL LAW 89-116 (Malcolm Evans, dir., 1st ed. 2003).
124. This work is recollected in Martti Koskenniemi, A quoi sert le droit international? in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 321-356 (2007).
125. Outi Korhonen, New International law: Silence, Defence of Deliverance? 7 European Journal of International Law 1-28 (1996) .20. (Pubitemid 126056582)
126. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3 at 563.
127. Martti Koskenniemi, The Politics of International Law 1 European Journal of International Law 4 (1990).
128. See how the French compilation volume opens with this summarized version of FATU, Martti Koskenniemi, Entre utopie et apologie: la politique du droit international in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 51-96 (2007).
129. Bruno Simma, Editorial 3 European Journal of International Law, 1, 2, (1992)
130. Orford, A Journal of the Voyage supra note 2, at 993. 24
131. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 562-3.
132. Id., 564-565.
133. Id. at 590-596.
134. Id. at 596-600.
135. Id. at 600-615.
136. Martti Koskenniemi, The Politics of International Law 1 European Journal of International Law (1990) 1.
137. Martti Koskenniemi, The Politics of International Law - 20 Years Later 20 European Journal of International Law 1 (2009), at 11.
138. Id.,7.
139. ROBERTO MANGABEIRA UNGER, THE CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES MOVEMENT (1986), at 1.
140. Id., at 4.
141. For the use of a dancing performance by Koskenniemi as metaphor to refer to it, see: Koskenniemi, A Response, supra note 2.
142. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY, supra note 3, at xiii.
143. Koskenniemi, The Politics of International Law, supra note 21.
144. See infra the analysis of this question by the author at Martti Koskenniemi, A quoi sert le droit international? in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 321-356 (2007).
145. This work was originally published as Martti Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? in INTERNATIONAL LAW 89-116 (Malcolm Evans, dir., 2003).
146. An author whose work is thoroughly examined in "Lauterpacht: The Vitorian Tradition of International Law" which is Chapter V of MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS 353-412 (2001).
147. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 61.
148. Martti Koskenniemi, A Response, supra note 2, at 1104.
149. Id. at 589.
150. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 596.
151. Id. at 589.
152. Id. at 571.
153. Id. at 571.
154. Id. at 64.
155. Purvis, Critical Legal Studies supra note 8, at 100.
156. Koskenniemi, Entre Utopie et Apologie, supra note 21, at 94. The reference is made to French version as this excerpt is not present in the original English version.
157. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 13.
158. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 610.
159. Id. at 610.
160. Id. at 610.
161. Purvis, Critical Legal Studies supra note 8, at 99.
162. See, e.g. introductorily, DAVID HELD, INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THEORY: HORKHEIMER TO HABERMAS (1999).
163. See an explanatory of it application to international legal doctrine, SUSAN MARKS, THE RIDDLE OF ALL CONSTITUTIONS 121-151(2000).
164. Id. at 589 .56. Id. at 605.
165. Martti Koskenniemi, A Response supra note 2, at 1007.
166. Id. at 590-596.
167. Id. at 596-600.
168. Id. at 600-615.
169. Id. at 595.
170. Id. at 596.
171. Id. at 596.
172. Id. at 599.
173. Id. at 599.
174. Id. at 600.
175. Id. at 600-1.
176. Id. at 603-604.
177. Id. at 606-607.
178. Id. at 610.
179. The examination of the use of force constitutes an important aspect of Koskenniemi's work, see Martti Koskenniemi, La place du droit au sein de la securité collective in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 99 (2007)
180. and Martti Koskenniemi, "La dame fait trop des serments" Le Kosovo et le tournant vers l'éthique en droit international in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL .145. (2007).
181. These essays can also be found in English as Martti Koskenniemi, The Place of Law in Collective Security 17 Michigan Journal of International Law 455 (1996)
182. and Martti Koskenniemi, "The Lady Doth Protest too Much" Kosovo and the Turn to Ethics in International Law 65 The Modern Law Review 159 (2002).
183. Martti Koskenniemi, L'effet des droits sur la culture politique" / "Les droits de l'homme, la politique et l'amour originally published as Martti Koskenniemi, The Effect of Rights on Political Culture in THE EUROPEAN UNION AND HUMAN RIGHTS 99 (Philip Alston,ed. 1999) .
184. Martti Koskenniemi, Droit international et hégémonie: une reconfiguration in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 145 (2007)
185. earlier published in English as Martti Koskenniemi, International Law and Hegemony: A Reconfiguration 17 Cambridge Review of International Affairs 117 (2004) .
186. Although not as retrospectively as the author portray it according to a commentator of his work who notes "It is hard to see how FATU, when originally published, could be seen to express a critique of the way international law helped to sustain an unequal relationship between a powerful North and a weak South". The same commentator supplement his view by noting that "Koskenniemi's work between FATU's first and second editions (between 1989 and 2005) has in fact focused significantly on the central intuition that he attributes to the first edition, viz., that international law is structurally biased against the South" see Balakrishnan Rajagopal, Martti Koskenniemi's From Apology to Utopia: a reflection, 7:12 German Law Journal 1095 (2006).
187. It is true that the background international legal interest showed by the erudite Finnish author for the "poor, dark and hungry" masses of the Third World pales in comparison to B.Rajagopal's main focus analysis of the contemporary problematic in BALAKRISHNAN RAJAGOPAL, INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM BELOW: DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND THIRD WORLD APPROACHES (2003).
188. For a historical perspective by Koskenniemi see, nonetheless, Chapter II "Sovereignty: A Gift of civilisation -international lawyers and imperialism 1870-1914" in M.KOSKENNIEMI; THE GENTLE CIVILIZER OF NATIONS: THE RISE AND FALL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1870-1960 (2001).
189. at 606.
190. B.S. Chimni, Third World Approaches to International Law: A Manifesto 8 International Community Law Review 3, 3 (2006)
191. M.Koskenniemi, Martti, "Whose intolerance, Which Democracy?" in DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 436-440 (Fox, G.H. and Roth B.R., Eds. 2000)
192. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 615.
193. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 615.
194. Id. at 563.
195. Anthony Carty, International Legal Personality and the End of the Subject: Natural Law and Phenomenological Responses to New Approaches to International Law 6 Melbourne Journal of International Law, 16 (2005)
196. Reviewing JANNE ELISABETH NIJMAN THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PERSONALITY: AN INQUIRY INTO THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (2004) .
197. See recently, Martti Koskenniemi, The Fate of Public International Law: Between Technique and Politics 70 Modern Law Review 1-30 (2007) at 1-2.
198. Koskenniemi, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 562.
199. Id. at 565.
200. Bruno Simma, Editorial 3 European Journal of International Law, 1, 2, (1992) .
201. The other two seminal works are by Anthony Carty, THE DECAY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1986)
202. and David Kennedy INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STRUCTURES (1987) .
203. See, in Spanish, for an early, and almost unique since then, discussion about the critical legal movement in international law, Oriol Casanovas, La vuelta a la teoría, in HACIA UN NUEVO ORDEN INTERNACIONAL Y EUROPEO. ESTUDIOS EN HOMENAJE AL PROFESOR DON MANUEL DÍEZ DE VELASCO 179 (Manuel Pérez González, Ed., 1993) .
204. Kennedy, The Last Treatise, supra note 2, at 606.
205. Kennedy, The Last Treatise, supra note 2, at 606. Id.
206. Paulus supra note 8, 729
207. Paulus supra note 8, 729. For a very different account see Anthony Carty, International Legal Personality supra note 51.
208. Carty, Critical International Law, supra note 8, at 1.
209. See DUNCAN KENNEDY, A CRITIQUE OF ADJUDICATION. FIN DE SIECLE (1998).
210. DAVID KENNEDY, INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STRUCTURES (1987) .
211. David Kennedy, Theses about International Law Discourse 23 German Yearbook of International Law 353 (1980) This article is regarded as the first application of post-modernism to international law.
212. David Kennedy, A New Stream of Internacional Legal Scholarship, 7 Wisconsin Journal of International Law 7 (1988 ).
213. Id. at 11.
214. Id. at 10.
215. Id. at 11.
216. Id. at 6.
217. Id. at 2.
218. ROBERTO MANGABEIRA UNGER, KNOWLEDGE AND POLITICS (1975) .
219. Duncan Kennedy, 'Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication', 88 Harvard Law Review .1685. ((1976) .
220. DUNCAN KENNEDY, THE RISE AND FALL OF CLASSICAL LEGAL THOUGHT (1975) .
221. Duncan Kennedy, 'The Structure of Blackstone's Commentaries', 28 Buffalo Law Review 205 (1979) .
222. Specially manifest is the influence of Duncan Kennedy, "Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication" in DAVID KENNEDY AND WILLIAM W.FISHER III (Eds.) THE CANON OF AMERICAN LEGAL THOUGHT 649-729 (2006)
223. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11.
224. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11, at 17.
225. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11, at 24.
226. Id. at 23.
227. Id. at 21.
228. Id. at 14.
229. The term was coined as a residual category for all critical voices of mainstream by R.O.Keohane, International Institutions: Two Approaches, 32:4 International Studies Quarterly, 381-382 (1988) .
230. Kepa Sokupe, Del tercer al cuarto debate en las relaciones internacionales, LIV Revista Española de Derecho Internacional 65 (2002) .
231. Martti Koskenniemi, International Law in a Post-Realist Era, 16 Australian Yearbook of International Law 1 (1995)
232. Kennedy, A New Stream supra note 12, at 105.
233. KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 604 .117. Id. at p.575.
234. Id. at 603.
235. Id.
236. Id. at 612.
237. see: D.Kennedy, The Disciplines of International Law, supra note 13 at 34.
238. Kennedy, A New stream, supra note 12.
239. Id. In what constitutes a clear homage echo to the CLS' manifesto by Roberto Unger, otherwise, the well-known "when we came, they [the law professors] were like a priesthood that had lost their faith and kept their jobs. They stood in tedious embarrassment before cold altars. But we turned away from those altars and found the mind's opportunity in the heart's revenge." ROBERTO MANGABEIRA UNGER, THE CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES MOVEMENT (1986), at 119.
240. David Kennedy, My Talk at the ASIL: What is New Thinking in International Law? 94 American Society of International Law Proceedings 104, 117 (2000).
241. Id. at 118.
242. Id. at 122.
243. Emmanuelle Jouannet, Présentation in NATHALIEL BERMAN, PASSIONS ET AMBIVALENCES: LE COLONIALISME, LE NATIONALISME ET LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL 13 (2008).
244. See further Ignacio de la Rasilla, International Law in the Historical Present Tense 22 Leiden Journal of International Law 3 (2009)
245. See further Ignacio de la Rasilla, International Law in the Historical Present Tense 22 Leiden Journal of International Law 3 (2009) Id.
246. ANTHONY CARTY, THE DECAY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1986) .
247. James Boyle, Ideals and Things: International Legal Scholarship and the Prison -House of Language. 26 Harvard International Law Journal 327, 328 (1985) .
248. KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY supra note 3, at 4.
249. Boyle, Ideals and Things, supra note 130, at 328.
250. Kennedy, The Disciplines of International Law, supra note 13 at 34.
251. Id. at 35.
252. Id. at 35.
253. See supra note 8.
254. Bruno Simma, Editorial 3 European Journal of International Law, 1, 2, (1992).
255. Thomas Skouteris FIN de NAIL: New Approaches to International Law and its Impact on Contemporary International Legal Scholarship, 10 Leiden Journal of International Law 415 (1997) .
256. Id. at 7.
257. See, in this context, MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILISER OF NATIONS (2001)
258. especially Chapter 4 "International Law as Sociology: French "solidarism" 1871-1950", at 266-352.
259. For the doctrinal French evolution after the 2nd WW, see pp. 348-352.
260. See: Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, International Law Commission, fifty-eight session, UN General Assembly, A/ CN.4/ L.682, 4 April 2006.
261. Ignacio de la Rasilla del Moral, "The Zero Years of Spanish International Law,1939-1953" in Les doctrines internationalistes durant les années du communisme réel en Europe Ed. by Emmanuelle Jouannet and Iulia Paris, Société de législation comparée (Forthcoming, 2010) .
262. As almost an exception in the Spanish academy of international law, see Forcada, El concepto de Derecho Internacional Público, supra note 12;
263. Casanovas, La vuelta a la teoría, supra note 12;
264. Contreras & De la Rasilla, Humanitarismo crítico y crítica del humanitarismo in DAVID KENNEDY, EL LADO OSCURO DE LA VIRTUD (Contreras & De la Rasilla, introd. & transl. 2007).
265. For the scarce book-length work translations of Newstream's authors works see: DAVID KENNEDY, ROMPIENDO MOLDES EN DERECHO INTERNACIONAL (I. Forcada, introd. & transl., 2002)
266. DAVID KENNEDY, EL LADO OSCURO DE LA VIRTUD (Contreras & De la Rasilla, prel. essay. & transl., 2007)
267. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, EL DISCRETO CIVILIZADOR DE LAS NACIONES (2005)
268. DAVID KENNEDY, LOS DERECHOS DE LA PRIMAVERA. MEMORIAS DE LA INOCENCIA EN EL OCASO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (De la Rasilla, preliminary essay & transl. Forthcoming 2010)
269. It is not by coincidence that the French edition of his selected works is entitled « Epilogue: L'esprit des internationalistes ». This includes three essays: Martti Koskenniemi, Entre engagement et cynisme: aperçu d'une théorie du droit international en tant que pratique 359, in MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007)
270. Martti Koskenniemi, Le style comme méthode: Lettre aux organisateurs du symposium, 391 in Ibid.
271. Martti Koskenniemi, Perceptions de la justice: des murs et des ponts entre l'Europe et les Etats Unis, 409 in Ibid.
272. These essays were originally published respectively in English as Martti Koskenniemi, Between Commitment and Cynicism: Outline for a Theory of International Law as Practice, in COLLECTION OF ESSAYS BY LEGAL ADVISERS OF STATES, LEGAL ADVISER OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND PRACTITIONERS IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1999
273. Martti Koskenniemi, Style as Method: A Letter to the Editors of the Symposium, 93 AJIL 351 (1999
274. Martti Koskenniemi, Perceptions of Justice: Walls and Bridges Between Europe and the United States, 64ZaöRV 305, (2004
275. Information on Martti Koskenniemi's academic production can be acceded through the website of The Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights (Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki
276. See Martti Koskenniemi, International Law as Therapy: Reading the Health of Nations 16.2 European Journal of International Law 329-345 (2005
277. One might interestingly contrast this view with the definition of Allott as "essentially a non-instrumental critical theorist who demands action" by Iain Scobbie, Wicked Heresies or Legitimate Perspectives? Theory and International Law, in INTERNATIONAL LAW 83-112 at 103 (Malcolm Evans, dir. 2nd, 2006) .
278. Allott, Philip, International Law and the Idea of History, Journal of the History of International Law 1,1 (1999) .
279. Koskenniemi, entre engagement et cynisme, supra note 143, at 389.
280. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11, at 31.
281. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILISER supra note 5, at 1-10.
282. Craven, Matthew, "Introduction: International Law and Its Histories" in TIME, HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 1-25 (M. Craven, M. Fitzmaurice & M. Vogiatzi (eds), 2007.
283. Koskenniemi, A Response, supra note 2, p 1007.
284. Koskenniemi, Entre engagement et cynisme, supra note 143, p 389.
285. See, David Kennedy "Autumn Weekends: An Essay on Law and Everyday Life," in LAW AND EVERYDAY LIFE, Austin e Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns (eds.) 191 (1993
286. See, also DAVID KENNEDY, THE RIGHTS OF SPRING.A MEMOIR OF INNOCENCE ABROAD (2009
287. For a previous inquiry into the liberal ethos of the profession, See e.g. Martti Koskenniemi, International Law in a Post-Realist Era, supra note 114.
288. Koskenniemi, Entre engagement et cynisme, supra note 143, at 377-381.
289. David Kennedy, The TWAIL Conference: Keynote Address Albany, New York, April 2007 9 International Community Law Review 333 (2007) at 339.
290. See, e,g. B.S.Chimni, An Outline of a Course of a Marxist Course of International Law 17 Leiden Journal of International Law 1 (2004) .
291. For Koskenniemi's view on Marx, see Martti Koskenniemi, What International Lawyers Should Learn from Karl Marx? in INTERNATIONAL LAW ON THE LEFF: RE-EXAMINING MARXIST LEGACIES 30-52 (Susan Marks, ed., 2008) 162.
292. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11, at 13.
293. For the coinage of this felicitous classic expression, see Oscar Schachter, The Invisible College of International Law Northewestern Review 217-226 (1977)
294. Oscar Schacter, Metaphor and Realism in International Law in STUDI DI DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE IN ONORE DE GAETANO ARANGIO-RUIZ (Vol. 1) 211-216 (2004) .
295. Id., at 8. For a conceptualisation of Koskenniemi as a "legal theorist", see Beckett, Rebel without a Cause? supra note 2.
296. Including by reference to his own first-hand experience as practitioner, see e.g. his perspective on the internal functioning of the Security Council during the first Iraq War in Martti Koskenniemi, La place du droit au sein de la securité collective
297. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 99 (2007)
298. Originally published as Martti Koskenniemi, The Place of Law in Collective Security 17 Michigan Journal of International Law .455. (1996) .
299. Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996, International Court of Justice, General List No.95.
300. Martti Koskenniemi, Faith, Identity and the Killing of the Innocent. International Lawyers and Nuclear Weapons 17 Leiden Journal of International Law 137 (1997
301. See in French, Martti Koskenniemi, La foi, l'identité et la destruction des innocents. Les internationalistes et les armes nucléaires
302. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 145 (2007)
303. See also Martti Koskenniemi, The Silence of Law / The Voice of Justice, in International Law, International Court of Justice, and Nuclear Weapons 488-510 (Philip Sands & Boisson de Chazournes, Eds.1999) .
304. Koskenniemi, La dame fait trop de serments supra note 71, at 145.
305. For the use of the term in noting how by the culture of formalism Koskenniemi distinguishes him from "NAIL nihilistic wing", Beckett, Rebel without a Cause? supra note 2.
306. Koskenniemi, La foi, l'identité, supra note 170, at 281.
307. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11, at 13.
308. These are respectively the due punishment of the individual after the elucidation of its personal criminal liability, its value as an instrument put at the service of the historical "truth" and "memory", its potentially dissuasive role regarding the commission of future atrocities, its function as marking a re-starting point for the moral healing of the victims, and/or its role in allowing for a self- reaffirmation by the community as a viable "moral community", see them threaded through the text in Martti Koskenniemi, Between Impunity and Show Trials, 6 Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law 1-35 (2002
309. Also in French in Koskenniemi, Entre impunité et procès spectacle
310. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 227-263 (2007
311. Koskenniemi, International law in a Post-Realist Age, supra note 114.
312. Martti Koskkenniemi, Entre impunité et procès spectacle, supra note 177.
313. Such examination is done whether by recourse to authoritative philosophical figures as Hannah Arendt in the examination of historical precedents from Nuremberg, and public opinion data regarding the sociological impact of it on the German Vergangenheitsbewältigung to the limitation of individual punishment in hiding the role of the structural factors and political and social normality in 1961 Eichman's process and recent cases involving the fate of Vichy collaborators as K.Barbie and M.Papon judged in the 1990ies in France as well as during the first functioning years of ad hoc tribunals for the Ex-Yugoslavia and Rwanda to the examination of instances of transitional justice in the domestic plane, see Martti Koskkenniemi, Entre impunité et procès spectacle, supra note 177, at 228-238.
314. For an inquiry into an historical related matter related to the legacy of "National Socialist" or "Fascist" legal doctrine in Europe by the author, see Martti Koskenniemi, 'By Their Acts You Shall Know Them.' (And Not by Their Legal Theories" 15 European Journal of International Law 839-851 (2004)
315. The author insists on the limitations of the criminal justice as an instrument of historic truth through historical examples as the one offered by the Nuremberg process in which "le régime nazi a été principalement jugé en tant que régime militaire agressif tandis que son caractère raciste et génocidaire a éte relégué à un rôle secondaire, voire invisible" (p.247
316. Its limitation on structural grounds are show against a procedural background that wants that "plus le contexte au sein duquel la responsabilité individuelle doit être envisagée est large, plus cette compréhension repose sur des inteprétations divergentes, et plus les limites de la procédure pénale pour établir la verité se font "évidentes" (p.238) so as to highlight how the key importance of the interpretative framework one's adopt, makes the international criminal process the object of a différend in the Lyotard's sense. Martti Koskkenniemi, Entre impunité et procès spectacle, supra note 177.
317. One derived by the didactic effect of the explotation of the referred différend by a Milosevic's defence based on the notion of a "process of rupture", which the author's historically illustrates it by reference
318. Koskenniemi, supra note 71.
319. See, e.g. Martti Koskenniemi, Formalismo, fragmentación y libertad. Temas kantianos en el Derecho internacional actual 2 Revista Internacional de Pensamiento Político 209 (2007)
320. 15 Revista electrónica de estudios internacionales 1 (2008)
321. Truthful to the previous displaying all positions available within or by reference to an strict international legal framework in this essay, the author presents a succession of eight argumentative movements traversed by the logic of the legal discourse vis-à-vis the case, from the "le droit formel strictu sensu" with its "fiat lex pereat mundus" overtones, to the demonstration of the subjective nature of the moral duty imposing itself by the adoption of a "decisionism/ethics of the responsibility (or love)" pace Weber which prevents Kosovo from becoming a precedent. Koskenniemi, La dame fait trop de serments supra note 71.
322. Koskenniemi's deep interest in Carl Schmitt's work is reflected at different reprises throughout his intellectual production as e.g. in Martti Koskenniemi, International Law as Political Theology: How to Read Nomos der Erde? 11:4 Constellations 492 (2004
323. See also KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5, at 413-509 (2001). Jouannet consecrates a specific attention to the notion of " decisionism" in Koskenniemi
324. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11 at 37-39
325. See also examining Carl Schmitt's influence on Derrida and Habermas, (from which the quote is taken at 1089) Martti Koskenniemi, Book Review, 4:10 German Law Journal 1087-1094 (2003)
326. Reviewing PHILOSOPHY IN A TIME OF TERROR. DIALOGUES WITH JÜRGEN HABERMAS AND JACQUES DERRIDA (Giovanna Borradori, Ed., 2003) .
327. Koskenniemi, La dame fait trop de serments, supra note 71, at 171.
328. Koskenniemi, A quoi sert le droit international? supra note 39.
329. KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY, supra note 3, at 616.
330. Jouannet, Présentation, supra note 11 at 32.
331. See, in this respect, an intellectually-biographical account of the author's approach to international law in the 90s, Koskenniemi, Le style comme méthode, supra note 143.
332. See as representative Martti Koskenniemi, L'effet des droits sur la culture politique" in LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 175-201 (2007)
333. M. Koskenniemi, The Effect of Rights on Political Culture in THE EUROPEAN UNION AND HUMAN RIGHTS 99 (Philip Alston,ed. 1999
334. Martti Koskenniemi, The Politics of International Law - 20 Years Later 20 European Journal of International Law 1 (2009), at 9.
335. KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE CIVILIZER, supra note 5, at 474.
336. The book, that was granted the 2002 Certificate of Merit of the American Society of International Law, received a wide review attention, see supra note 5.
337. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39 at 58.
338. The very same question gave its title to the Paris 2nd Biennial Conference of the European Society of International Law, see: SELECT PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW .2006
339. (Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Emmanuelle Jouannet and Vincent Tomkiewicz eds, 2008
340. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39 at 58.
341. The first summarised general answer is responsive to the realist's criticisms in that it does accept that power leaves a marginal place to law and appears is represented by the author as leading way to two variants respectively embodied by Carl Schmitt's acceptance "that only a marginal scope is left by power to law and defined and existing legal regimes as variables dependent on central power" and McDougal or more recently Goldsmith and Posner who "have developed purely instrumental accounts of the use of force in the defence of particular interests or preferences" The second general answer remains faithful to its counter-design through the elaboration of a more sophisticated theory of interdependence and globalisation aimed at reflecting the idea of harmony of interests as it is the case of a constructivist explanation of the impact of international law over States. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 60.
342. See this as part of the moral faith of the men of 1973 who projected international law as a professional practice in connection to a culture of formalism in KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5 at 502
343. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 64.
344. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 63.
345. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 63.
346. KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5 at 496.
347. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 66.
348. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU, THE SOCIAL CONTRACT (1762) .216.
349. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 77.
350. KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5, at 495.
351. For one of the latest example of an extremely accurate analytical use of varied recent international legal practice, see Martti Koskenniemi, The Fate of Public International Law: Between Technique and Politics 70 Modern Law Review 1-30 (2007
352. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 77.
353. KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5, at 504.
354. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 70.
355. KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5, at 501.
356. Koskenniemi, What is International Law For? supra note 39, at 77.
357. See among others: Martti Koskenniemi, The Empire(s) of International Law: System Change and Legal Transformation 8 Austrian Review of International and European Law (2004) 229.
358. Koskenniemi, Perceptions de la justice, supra note 143.
359. On the normative basis of the realist framework, see Koskenniemi, A quoi sert le droit international? supra note 39
360. Koskenniemi, La place du droit, supra note 71.
361. For a critique see Martti Koskenniemi, Legitimacy, Rights and Ideology: Notes Towards a Critique of the New Moral Internationalism, 7 Associations Journal for Legal and Social Theory .349. (2003)
362. The author does make it extensive to his analysis of "legal pluralism as an abstract response to the emergence of multiple regimes" in Martti Koskenniemi, The Fate of Public International Law: Between Technique and Politics 70 Modern Law Review 1-30 (2007) at 20-25.
363. Koskenniemi, Formalismo, supra note 175.
364. Jack L. Goldsmith& Eric Posner, The Limits of International Law (2005) This work has received a high level of critical review attention, including but not limited to the symposium
365. Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric A. Posner's The Limits of International published by The Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol.34., No.2, 2006 pp. 289-484
366. Kenneth Anderson, Remarks by an Idealist on the Realism of the Limits of International Law 253-284
367. Daniel Bodansky, International Law in Black and White, 285-304
368. Allen Buchanan, Democracy and the Commitment to International Law, 305-33
369. David Golove, Leaving Customary International Law Where It Is: Goldsmith and Posner's the Limits of International Law 333-379
370. Andrew T. Guzman, Reputation and International Law, 379-392
371. Margaret E. McGuinness, Exploring the Limits of International Human Rights Law, 393-422
372. K.Raustiala, Refining the Limits of International Law, 423-444
373. Peter J. Spiro, Negative Proof of International Law, 445-462
374. Goldsmith, Jack, Posner, Eric A New International Law Scholarship: A Response,463-484.
375. Besides them, see also e.g. Anne, Van Aaken "To Do Away with International Law? Some Limits to the "The Limits of International A New International Law Scholarship: A Response. 34 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 463, 464 ( 2006).
376. European Journal of International Law, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 289-308, 2006.
377. Hathaway, Oona A., Lavinbuk, A. N. "Rationalism and Revisionism in International Law" .119. Harvard Law Review 2004,pp. 1404.
378. See, among the many book reviews Jibecke Jönsson and Jean-Marc Coicaud's book review of The Limits of International Law, Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric A. Posner. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 at Global Law Books accessible at http://www.globallawbooks.org/reviews/getFile.asp?id=209 (last visited 15th August 2007
379. Rajagopal, Balakrishnan, "Review of 'The Limits of International Law' by Jack Goldsmith and Eric Posner" . Ethics and International Affairs, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 106-109, Fall 2005
380. Silverburg, R.,Sanford Review of The Limits of International by Jack Goldsmith and Eric Posner, Law and Politics Book Review Vol. 15 No.4 (April 2005), pp.336-339 accessible at http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/ reviews/goldsmith-posner405.htm (last visited 25th August, 2007) .
381. Koskenniemi, The Fate of Public International Law, supra note 82.
382. Martti Koskenniemi, International Law as Political Theology: How to Read Nomos der Erde? 11:4 Constellations 492, at 505 (2004
383. Especially, if the catagorised as American Nationalist School of International Law as depicted by Lorite Alejandro Lorite, Cultural Relativism the American Way: The Nationalist School of International Law in the United States 5 Global Jurist 1 (2005; becomes the "neo-conservative theory of international law", Ignacio de la Rasilla, Apuntes Críticos para una teoría neoconservadora del Derecho internacional 18 Révue Québécoise du droit international 1 (2008)
384. Koskenniemi, International Law as Political Theology supra note 240, at 506.
385. See, Koskenniemi, What is International Law For?, supra note 39.
386. Martti Koskenniemi, International Law and Hegemony: A Reconfiguration 17 Cambridge Review of International Affairs 117 (2004)
387. Also in Martti Koskenniemi, Droit international et hégé monie: une reconfiguration
388. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 291, at 300-304 (2007) .251. Id., at.304-306.
389. Koskenniemi, International Law as Political Theology, supra note 240, at 507.
390. Analytically interesting is in this respect Guglielmo Verdirame "The Divided West": American and European International Lawyers' 18 European Journal of International Law 553-580 (2007
391. See Lorite, supra note XXX and De la Rasilla, Id.
392. See in this respect Koskenniemi's commentary to the respective reactions to 11/9 of two "distinctly European thinkers" who are also the main representatives of Critical Theory and Deconstruction in the academy: Martti Koskenniemi, Book Review, 4:10 German Law Journal 1087-1094 (2003)
393. Reviewing PHILOSOPHY IN A TIME OF TERROR. DIALOGUES WITH JÜRGEN HABERMAS AND JACQUES DERRIDA (Giovanna Borradori, Ed., 2003) .
394. PHILIPPE SANDS, A LAWLESS WORLD (2OO5) .
395. Jurgen Habermas, "Does the Constitutionalization of International Law Still Have a Chance?" in JURGEN HABERMAS THE DIVIDED WEST 115, 116 (Ciaran Cronin, Ed. and transl.,2006) .
396. See also Ignacio de la Rasilla del Moral "The Unsolved Riddle of International Constitutionalism" International Community Law Review (2010, forthcoming) .
397. Martti Koskenniemi, Constitutionalism as a Mindset: Reflection on Kantian Themes About International Law and Globalisation, 8 Theoretical Inquiries in Law (2007) .267. Id.
398. KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY, supra note 3, at 616.
399. Andreas L. Paulus, International Law After Postmodernism: Towards Renewal or Decline of International Law?, 14 Leiden Journal of International Law 727 (2001), .
400. Alexander Wendt, What is International Relations For? Notes for a Post-Critical View, in CRITICAL THEORY AND WORLD POLITICS (Richard Wyn Jones, ed., 2001) .
401. Martti Koskenniemi, The Fate of International Law, supra note 82, at 29.
402. Martti Koskenniemi, International Law: Constitutionalism, Managerialism and the Ethos of Legal Education 1, at 2 European Journal of Legal Studies (2006) .276. Id., at 4.
403. Koskenniemi, International Law: Constitutionalism, supra note 274, at 5.
404. Id., at 5. This is confirmed by the ILC Report on " Fragmentation" prepared by Koskenniemi that stressed that "international law is a legal system" See: Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, International Law Commission, fifty-eight session, UN General Assembly, A/ CN.4/ L.682, 4 April 2006.
405. Koskenniemi, International Law: Constitutionalism, supra note 274, at 7.
406. Koskenniemi, The Fate of International Law, supra note 82, at 28.
407. Koskenniemi, International Law: Constitutionalism, supra note 274, at 14.
408. Id.,at 16 .289. Id., .290. Martti Koskenniemi, Constitutionalism as a Mindset, supra note 265, at 23.
409. Koskenniemi, supra note 30, at 17.
410. KOSKENNIEMI, FROM APOLOGY, supra note 3, at 616.
411. See Tomuschat supra note 278.
412. Martti Koskenniemi, Constitutionalism as a Mindset, supra note 265.
413. Koskenniemi, International Law: Constitutionalism, supra note 274 at 14.
414. Koskenniemi, The Fate of International Law, supra note 82, at 28.
415. Martti Koskenniemi, Formalismo, supra note 175.
416. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, THE HUMAN UNIVERSAL: LEGAL THOUGHT AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 1500-1870 (forthcoming) .296.
417. Koskenniemi, Droit international et hégémonie, supra note 73, at 318.
418. Koskenniemi, The Fate of International Law, supra note 82, at 30.
419. This aim is present since its origins in From Apology to Utopia where it is explicitly noted that "by providing an insider's view to legal discourse, such an approach might produce a therapeutic effect on lawyers frustrated with their inability to cope with the indeterminacy of theory and the irrelevance of doctrine", Koskenniemi, supra note 3, at 13.
420. Mario Prost, Born Again Lawyer, supra note 2.
421. Koskenniemi, The Fate of International Law, supra note 82, at 1 .
422. The tendency appears initiated by J.H.H. Weiler and Andreas Paulus, The Structure of Change in International Law or Is There a Hierarchy of Norms in International Law? 8 European Journal of International Law 545-565 (1997 (Pubitemid 128064912)
423. See also Paulus, International Law After Postmodernism, supra note 8.
424. Jean Pierre-Cot, Tableau de la pensée juridique américaine 3 Révue Générale de droit international public, 587-589 (2006).
425. Bachand, La critique en droit international supra note 2.
426. See also Anne Peters, There is Nothing More Practical Than a Good Theory: An Overview of Contemporary Approaches to International Law 44 German Yearbook of International Law 25- .37. (2001) .
427. Skouteris, Fin de NAIL, supra note 13, at 417.
428. Koskenniemi, Le style comme méthode, supra note 143, at 392.
429. For precedents of the US' lineage of the counter-traditional spirit in terminological coincidental terms, see examining the main methodological orientations in the United States' academy as being policy science, functionalism, systems theory and phenomenological perspectives: Richard A. Falk New Approaches to the Study of International Law 61 American Journal of International Law 477-495 (1967
430. Kennedy, A New Stream, supra note 12, at 7.
431. See with corresponding bibliography. David Kennedy, The Disciplines of International Law and Policy 12 Leiden Journal of International Law 9 (1999) at 15 .311. See the representative diagram appearing in Id., at 36.
432. Cass, Navigating the Newstream, supra note 8.
433. See: Martti Koskenniemi, Why History of International Law Today? 4 Rechtsgeschichte 61-66 (2004) .
434. Galindo, Martti Koskenniemi and the Historiographical Turn, supra note 5, at 10.
435. "The more there are alternative ways of looking at international law, the more democratically responsible the international law project might become" as noted by Akbar Rasulov, International Law and the Post-Structuralist Challenge 19 Leiden Journal of International Law 799-827 (1996) at 821.
436. KOSKENNIEMI, THE GENTLE, supra note 5, at 506 .
437. ISAAC NEWTON CORRESPONDENCE TO ROBERT HOOKE (February 5, 1676) .
438. SAMUEL COLERIDGE, THE FRIEND (1828) .
439. A word rarely found in international law writings, but consistently used in his work by the author himself Martti Koskenniemi, Les droits de l'homme, la politique et l'amour
440. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL 203-224 (2007
441. Originally published as Martti Koskenniemi, Human Rights, Politics and Love, 19 Nordic Journal of International Law 33-45 (2001)
442. See, nonetheless, Jean Michel Jacquet (ed.) L'Amour du droit international, Propos Croisés autour de Brigitte Stern, Graduate Institute ePapers available at http://www.graduateinstitute.ch/webdav/site/ iheid/shared/publicationsNEW/Cahiers/eCahier-1-St ern.pdf .
443. MARTTI KOSKENNIEMI, LA POLITIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL (2007) .321.
444. Koskenniemi, La foi, l'identité supra note, at 170.
445. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU, THE SOCIAL CONTRACT (1762)
446. Koskenniemi, La dame fait trop des serments, supra note 71, at 165-166.
447. Koskenniemi, The Fate of International Law, supra note 82, at 30.