Unskilled but aware: Reinterpreting overconfidence in low-performing students

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 502-506

  Miller Tyler M , T M ^a   Geraci, Lisa ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Metacognition; Overconfidence; Prediction

Indexed keywords

APTITUDE; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REINFORCEMENT; SELF EVALUATION; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY;

APTITUDE; AWARENESS; EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SELF-ASSESSMENT; STUDENTS; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 79952392086     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0021802     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Bol L., Hacker D.J., O'Shea P., Allen D. The influence of overt practice, achievement level, and explanatory style on calibration accuracy and performance. The Journal of Experimental Education 2005, 73:269-290. doi: 10.3200/JEXE.73.4.269-290.
2. Buehler R., Griffin D., Ross M. Exploring the " planning fallacy" Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67:366-381. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.366.
3. Burson K.A., Larrick R.P., Klayman J. Skilled or unskilled, but still unaware of it: How perceptions of difficulty drive miscalibration in relative comparisons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:60-77. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.60.
4. Dunlosky J., Serra M.J., Matvey G., Rawson K.A. Second-order judgments about judgments of learning. The Journal of General Psychology 2005, 132:335-346. doi: 10.3200/GENP.132.4.335-346.
5. Dunning D. Self-insight: Roadblocks and detours on the path to knowing thyself 2005, Taylor & Francis, New York, NY, doi: 10.4324/9780203337998.
6. Dunning D., Heath C., Suls J.M. Flawed self-assessment: Implications for health, education, and the workplace. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2004, 5:69-106. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00018.x.
7. Ehrlinger J., Johnson K., Banner M., Dunning D., Kruger J. Why the unskilled are unaware: Further explorations of (absent) self-insight among the incompetent. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2008, 105:98-121. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.05.002.
8. Hacker D.J., Bol L., Bahbahani K. Explaining calibration accuracy in classroom contexts: The effects of incentives, reflection, and explanatory style. Metacognition and Learning 2008, 3:101-121. doi: 10.1007/s11409-008-9021-5.
9. Hacker D.J., Bol L., Horgan D.D., Rakow E.A. Test prediction and performance in a classroom context. Journal of Educational Psychology 2000, 92:160-170. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.92.1.160.
10. Kelemen W.L., Winningham R.G., Weaver C.A. Repeated testing sessions and scholastic aptitude in college students' metacognitive accuracy. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2007, 19:689-717. doi: 10.1080/09541440701326170.
11. Knouse L.E., Bagwell C.L., Barkley R.A., Murphy K.R. Accuracy of self-evaluation in adults with ADHD: Evidence from a driving study. Journal of Attention Disorders 2005, 8:221-234. doi: 10.1177/1087054705280159.
12. Krueger J., Mueller R.A. Unskilled, unaware, or both? The better-than-average heuristic and statistical regression predict errors in estimates of own performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:180-188. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.180.
13. Kruger J., Dunning D. Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999, 77:1121-1134. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121.
14. Miller, T. M., & Geraci, L. (2010). Training metacognition in the classroom: The influence of incentives and feedback on exam predictions. Manuscript submitted for publication.
15. Moore D.A., Healy P.J. The trouble with overconfidence. Psychological Review 2008, 115:502-517. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.502.
16. Nelson T.O., Dunlosky J. When people's judgments of learning (JOLs) are extremely accurate at predicting subsequent recall: The " delayed-JOL effect" . Psychological Science 1991, 2:267-270. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00147.x.
17. Nietfeld J.L., Cao L., Osborne J.W. Metacognitive monitoring accuracy and student performance in a postsecondary classroom. The Journal of Experimental Education 2005, 74:7-28.
18. Pierce B.H., Smith S.M. The postdiction superiority effect in metacomprehension of text. Memory & Cognition 2001, 29:62-67.
19. Preuss G.S., Alicke M.D. Everybody loves me: Self-evaluations and metaperceptions of dating popularity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2009, 35:937-950. doi: 10.1177/0146167209335298.
20. Williams A.F. Views of U.S. drivers about driving safety. Journal of Safety Research 2003, 34:491-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2003.05.002.
21. Williams W.M. Blissfully incompetent [Editorial]. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2004, 5:i-ii. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00017.x.