Fibrolase: Trials and tribulations

Toxins

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 793-808

  Markland, Francis S ^a,b   Swenson, Steve ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Alfimeprase; Alpha2 macroglobulin; Animal models; Central venous access device occlusion; Fibrolase; Metalloproteinase; Peripheral arterial occlusion; Stroke; Thrombolysis

Indexed keywords

ALFIMEPRASE; ALPHA 2 MACROGLOBULIN; ALTEPLASE; EDETIC ACID; FIBROLASE; GLYCINE; PLACEBO; PLASMINOGEN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; UROKINASE; ZINC;

AGKISTRODON; ALPHA CHAIN; AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; BETA CHAIN; BLEEDING; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CYCLIZATION; DISEASE MODEL; DOG; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STABILITY; DRUG STORAGE; EMBOLISM; ENZYME ACTIVE SITE; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME ISOLATION; ENZYME PURIFICATION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART INFARCTION SIZE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LOADING DRUG DOSE; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REPERFUSION INJURY; REVERSED PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STROKE; VASCULAR ACCESS;

ANIMALS; CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE;

AGKISTRODON CONTORTRIX CONTORTRIX; ANIMALIA; QUERCUS;

EID: 79952099045     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20726651     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040793     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Kornalik, F. The influence of snake venoms on fibrinogen conversion and fibrinolysis. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1966, 33, 179.
2. Didisheim, P.; Lewis, J.H. Fibrinolytic and coagulant activities of certain snake venoms and proteases. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1956, 93, 10-13.
3. Bajwa, S.S.; Kirakossian, H.; Reddy, K.N.; Markland, F.S. Thrombin-like and fibrinolytic enzymes in the venoms from the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica), eastern cottonmouth moccasin (Agkistrodon p. piscivorus) and southern copperhead (Agkistrodon c. contortrix) snakes. Toxicon 1982, 20, 427-432.
4. Retzios, A.D.; Markland, F.S. HPLC-based two-step purification of fibrinolytic enzymes from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix and Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti. Protein Expr. Purif. 1990, 1, 33-39.
5. Retzios, A.D.; Markland, F.S., Jr. A direct-acting fibrinolytic enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix: Effects on various components of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems. Thromb. Res. 1988, 52, 541-552.
6. Trikha, M.; Schmitmeier, S.; Markland, F.S. Purification and characterization of fibrolase isoforms from venom of individual southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) snakes. Toxicon 1994, 32, 1521-1531.
7. Randolph, A.; Chamberlain, S.H.; Chu, H.L.; Retzios, A.D.; Markland, F.S., Jr.; Masiarz, F.R. Amino acid sequence of fibrolase, a direct-acting fibrinolytic enzyme from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom. Protein Sci. 1992, 1, 590-600.
8. Swenson, S.; Toombs, C.F.; Pena, L.; Johansson, J.; Markland, F.S., Jr. Alpha-fibrinogenases. Curr. Drug. Targets Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord. 2004, 4, 417-435.
9. Rau, J.C.; Beaulieu, L.M.; Huntington, J.A.; Church, F.C. Serpins in thrombosis, hemostasis and fibrinolysis. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2007, 5, 102-115.
10. Markland, F.S.; Reddy, K.N.N.; Guan, L.-F. Purification and characterization of a direct-acting fibrinolytic enzyme from southern copperhead venom. In Hemostasis and Animal Venoms; Pirkle, H., Markland, F.S., Eds.; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 1988; Volume 7, pp. 173-189.
11. Ahmed, N.K.; Tennant, K.D.; Markland, F.S.; Lacz, J.P. Biochemical characteristics of fibrolase, a fibrinolytic protease from snake venom. Haemostasis 1990, 20, 147-154.
12. Guan, A.L.; Retzios, A.D.; Henderson, G.N.; Markland, F.S., Jr. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme from venom of the southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1991, 289, 197-207.
13. Markland, F.S.; Friedrichs, G.S.; Pewitt, S.R.; Lucchesi, B.R. Thrombolytic effects of recombinant fibrolase or APSAC in a canine model of carotid artery thrombosis. Circulation 1994, 90, 2448-2456.
14. Markland, F.S.; Morris, S.; Deschamps, J.R.; Ward, K.B. Resolution of isoforms of natural and recombinant fibrinolytic snake venom enzyme using high performance capillary electrophoresis. J. Liquid Chromatog. 1993, 16, 2189-2201.
15. Loayza, S.L.; Trikha, M.; Markland, F.S.; Riquelme, P.; Kuo, J. Resolution of isoforms of natural and recombinant fibrolase, the fibrinolytic enzyme from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix snake venom, and comparison of their EDTA sensitivities. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Appl. 1994, 662, 227-243.
16. Bolger, M.B.; Swenson, S.; Markland, F.S., Jr. Three-dimensional structure of fibrolase, the fibrinolytic enzyme from southern copperhead venom, modeled from the X-ray structure of adamalysin II and atrolysin C. AAPS PharmSci. 2001, 3, E16.
17. Burch, R.M.; Farmer, S.G.; Steranka, L.R. Bradykinin receptor antagonists. Med. Res. Rev. 1990, 10, 237-269.
18. Deitcher, S.R.; Funk, W.D.; Buchanan, J.; Liu, S.; Levy, M.D.; Toombs, C.F. Alfimeprase: A novel recombinant direct-acting fibrinolytic. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2006, 6, 1361-1369.
19. Ouriel, K.; Veith, F.J.; Sasahara, A.A. Thrombolysis or peripheral arterial surgery: phase I results. TOPAS Investigators. J Vasc Surg, 1996, 23, 64-73; discussion 74-65.
20. Hong, T.T.; Huang, J.; Lucchesi, B.R. Effect of thrombolysis on myocardial injury: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator vs. alfimeprase. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2006, 290, H959-H967.
21. Lu, A.; Kurosawa, Y.; Luskey, K.; Pyne-Geithman, G.; Caudell, D.; Clark, J. Hemorrhagic profile of the fibrinolytic alfimeprase after ischemia and reperfusion. Neurol. Res. 2009, 31, 209-214.
22. Deitcher, S.R.; Toombs, C.F. Non-clinical and clinical characterization of a novel acting thrombolytic: Alfimeprase. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. 2005, 34, 215-220.
23. Adis International Limited. Alfimeprase. Drugs R D 2008, 9, 185-190.
24. Moise, M.A.; Kashyap, V.S. Alfimeprase for the treatment of acute peripheral arterial occlusion. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2008, 8, 683-689.
25. Ouriel, K.; Cynamon, J.; Weaver, F.A.; Dardik, H.; Akers, D.; Blebea, J.; Gruneiro, L.; Toombs, C.F.; Wang-Clow, F.; Mohler, M.; Pena, L.; Wan, C.Y.; Deitcher, S.R. A phase I trial of alfimeprase for peripheral arterial thrombolysis. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2005, 16, 1075-1083.
26. Han, S.M.; Weaver, F.A.; Comerota, A.J.; Perler, B.A.; Joing, M. Efficacy and Safety of Alfimeprase in Patients with Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion (PAO). J. Vasc. Surg. 2010, 51, 600-609.
27. Cummings-Winfield, C.; Mushani-Kanji, T. Restoring patency to central venous access devices. Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs. 2008, 12, 925-934.
28. Lee, E.K. Alteplase use for prevention of central line occlusion in a preterm infant. Ann. Pharmacother. 2002, 36, 272-274.
29. Reddy, G.K. Clinical utility of novel agents in the treatment of central venous catheter occlusion. Support Cancer Ther. 2006, 3, 135-139.
30. Moll, S.; Kenyon, P.; Bertoli, L.; De Maio, J.; Homesley, H.; Deitcher, S.R. Phase II trial of alfimeprase, a novel-acting fibrin degradation agent, for occluded central venous access devices. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006, 24, 3056-3060.
31. Toombs, C.F. Alfimeprase: Pharmacology of a novel fibrinolytic metalloproteinase for thrombolysis. Haemostasis 2001, 31, 141-147.