The resilience scale for adults: Construct validity and measurement in a Belgian sample

International Journal of Testing

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 53-70

  Hjemdal, Odin ^a   Friborg, Oddgeir ^b   Braun, Stéphanie ^c   Kempenaers, Chantal ^c   Linkowski, Paul ^c   Fossion, Pierre ^d  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^c ERASME HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^d BRUGMANN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Belgian; Belgium; Cross cultural validity; HSCL 25; Resilience; Resilience scale for adults (RSA); SOC 13

Indexed keywords

EID: 79951988990     PISSN: 15305058     EISSN: 15327574     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15305058.2010.508570     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the Sense of Coherence Scale. Social Science of Medicine, 36(6), 725-733.
2. Bean, T., Derluyn, I., Eurelings-Bontekoe, E., Broekaert, E., & Spinhoven, P. (2007). Validation of the multiple language versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-37 for refugee adolescents. Adolescence, 42(165), 51-71.
3. Blum, R. W. M. (1998). Healthy youth development as a model for youth health promotion. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, 368-375.
4. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
5. Cederblad, M. (1996). Fifty years of epidemiologic studies in child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 55-66.
6. Cederblad, M., Dahlin, L., Hagnell, O., & Hansson, K. (1993). Salutogenic childhood factors reported by middle-aged individuals: Follow-up of the children from the Lundby study grown up in families experiencing three or more childhood psychiatric risk factors. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 1-11.
7. Clausen, J. A. (1993). American lives: Looking back at the children of the Great Depression. New York: The Free Press.
8. Cross, S. E., & Marcus, H. R. (1993). Gender in thought, belief, and action: A cognitive approach. In I. A. E. Beall & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (pp. 80-81). New York: The Guilford Press.
9. Dahlin, L., & Cederblad, M. (1993). Salutogenesis-protective factors for individuals brought up in a high-risk environment with regard to the risk for a psychiatric or social disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 53-59.
10. Derogatis, L. R. (1983). SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual, II. Towson, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research.
11. Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, E. H., Uhlenhuth, E. H., & Covi, L. (1973). SCL-90-R: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 9, 13-28.
12. Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E. H., & Covi, L. (1974). The Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL)-a self-report symptom inventory. Behavioral Science, 19(1), 1-15.
13. Eriksson, M., & Lindström, B. (2005). Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59(6), 460-466.
14. Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429-456.
15. Frenz, A. W., Carey, M. P., & Jorgensen, R. S. (1993). Psychometric evaluation of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 145-153.
16. Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Hjemdal, O. (2005). Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14, 29-40.
17. Friborg, O., & Hjemdal, O. (2004). Resilience as a measure of adaptive capacity. Journal of the Norwegian Psychological Association, 41, 206-208.
18. Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76.
19. Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Martinussen M., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2009). Empirical support for resilience as more than the counterpart and absence of vulnerability and symptoms of mental disorder. Journal of Individual Differences, 30, 138-151.
20. Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Martinussen, M., Aslaksen, P. M., & Flaten, M. A. (2006). Resilience as a moderator of pain and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 213-219.
21. Friborg, O., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2006). Likert-based versus semantic differential-based scorings of positive psychological constructs: A psychometric comparison of two versions of a scale measuring resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(5), 873-884.
22. Gana, K., & Garnier, S. (2001). Latent structure of the sense of coherence scale in a French sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1079-1090.
23. Garmezy, N. (1983). Stressors of childhood. In N. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress, coping & development in children. (pp. 43-84). New York: McGraw-Hill.
24. Glass, R. M., Allan, T., Uhlenhuth, E. H., Kimball, C. P., & Borinstein, D. I. (1978). Psychiatric screening in a medical clinic: An evaluation of a self-report inventory. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35(10), 1189-1195.
25. Hinton, W. L. N., Chen, Y. C., Tran, C. G., Newman, T. B., & Lu, F. G. (1994). Screening for major depression in Vietnamese refugees: A validation and comparison of two instruments in a health screening population. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9, 202-206.
26. Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2001). Preliminary results from the development and validation of a Norwegian scale for measuring adult resilience. Journal of the Norwegian Psychological Association, 38(4), 310-317.
27. Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T. C., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2006). Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: A prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 194-201.
28. Hough, R. L., Landsverk, J. A., & Jacobsen, G. F. (1990). The use of psychiatric screening scales to detect depression in primary care patients. In C. C. Attkisson & J. M. Zich (Eds.), Depression in primary care: Screening and detection (pp. 139-154). New York: Routledge.
29. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
30. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2006). LISREL 8.8 for Windows. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
31. Jowkar, B., Friborg, O., & Hjemdal, O. (2010). Cross-cultural validation of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) in Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 418-425.
32. Kessler, D. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H. U., et al. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8-19.
33. Lavik, N. J., Laake, P., Hauff, E., & Solberg, Ø. (1999). The use of self-reports in psychiatric studies of traumatized refugees: Validation and analysis of HSCL-25. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 53(1), 17-20.
34. Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder and adaptation (Vol. 3, pp. 739-795). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
35. Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562.
36. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320-341.
37. Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74-88). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
38. Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. D. (2010). Resilience over the lifespan: Developmental perspectives on resistance, recovery and transformation. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 213-238). New York: The Guilford Press.
39. McKelvey, R. S., & Webb, J. A. (1997). A prospective study of psychological distress related to refugee camp experience. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31(4), 549-554.
40. Mollica, R. F., Wyshak, G., De Marnefe, D., Khuon, F., & Lavelle, J. (1987). Indochinese version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: A screening instrument for psychiatric care of refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(4), 497-500.
41. Moum, T. (1998). Mode of administration and interviewer effects in self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Social Indicators Research, 45(1-3), 279-318.
42. Pichot, P., Wildelöcher, D., & Pull, J. C. (1989). Epidémiologie de l'anxiété dans la population générale francaise. Psychiatry and Psychobiology, 4, 257-266.
43. Ployhart, R. E., & Oswald, F. L. (2004). Applications of mean and covariance structure analysis: Integrating correlational and experimental approaches. Organizational Research Methods, 7, 27-65.
44. Raykov, T. (2001). Estimation of congeneric scale reliability using covariance structure analysis with non-linear constraints. The British Journal of Mathematic and Statistical Psychology, 54, 315-323.
45. Rutter, M. (2000). Resilience reconsidered: Conceptual considerations, empirical findings, and policy implication. In J. P. Shonkoff & S. J. Meisels (Eds.), Handbook of early childhood intervention (2nd ed., pp. 651-682). New York: Cambridge University Press.
46. Sammallahti, P. R., Holi, M. J., Komulainen, E. J., & Aalberg, V. A. (1996). Comparing two self-report measures of coping: The Sense of Coherence Scale and the Defense Style Questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(5), 517-524.
47. Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507-514.
48. Werner, E. E. (1989). High-risk children in young adulthood: A longitudinal study from birth to 32 years. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 72-81.
49. Werner, E. E. (1993). Risk, resilience and recovery: Perspectives from the Kauai longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 503-515.
50. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible. A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw-Hill.
51. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds. High risk children from birth to adulthood. London: Cornell University Press.
52. World Health Organization. (2003). Mental health evidence and research (MER) [Electronic Version]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental health/evidence/en/