메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 325-347

A digital agora: Citizen participation in the 2008 presidential debates

Author keywords

civic engagement; civic participation; cybercitizen; debate effects; dial test; digital agora; focus group; information technology; political debates; political participation; presidential debates; social media; YouTube debates

Indexed keywords


EID: 79951820471     PISSN: 00027642     EISSN: 15523381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002764210392167     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 79951822030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNN/YouTube most-watched so far
    • (29 November), Retrieved from
    • Ariens, C. (29 November 2007). CNN/YouTube most-watched so far. TV Newser. Retrievedfromhttp://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/cnnyoutube-debate-most-watched-so-far_b17134.
    • (2007) TV Newser
    • Ariens, C.1
  • 4
    • 0034341712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The study of information technology and civic engagement
    • Bimber, B. (2000). The study of information technology and civic engagement. Political Communication, 17, 329-333.
    • (2000) Political Communication , vol.17 , pp. 329-333
    • Bimber, B.1
  • 5
    • 84920581344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are those squiggly lines on CNN telling you?
    • Retrieved from
    • Boyd, S. (2008). What are those squiggly lines on CNN telling you? American Prospect. Retrieved fromhttp://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=what_are_those_squiggly_lines_on_cnn_telling_you.
    • (2008) American Prospect
    • Boyd, S.1
  • 6
    • 0035599032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media participation: A legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy
    • Bucy, E.P., & Gregson, K.S. (2001). Media participation: A legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy. New Media and Society, 3(3), 359-382.
    • (2001) New Media and Society , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-382
    • Bucy, E.P.1    Gregson, K.S.2
  • 7
    • 79951815229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNN Debate Transcript, (29 November). Retrieved from
    • CNN Debate Transcript. (29 November 2007). CNN/YouTube Presidential Debate. Retrieved fromhttp://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0711/29/ltm.02.html.
    • (2007) CNN/YouTube Presidential Debate
  • 8
    • 84933491581 scopus 로고
    • Presidential debates as focal points in campaigns
    • Carlin, D.B. (1992). Presidential debates as focal points in campaigns. Political Communication & Persuasion, 9(4): 251-265.
    • (1992) Political Communication & Persuasion , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 251-265
    • Carlin, D.B.1
  • 9
    • 79951834399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooper in, (24 July). Retrieved from, Forbes
    • Cooper in McGookin, S. (24 July 2007). Debate format a small step for politics. Forbes. Retrieved fromhttp://www.forbes.com/2007/07/24/debate-youtube-politics-lead-cx_sm_0724debate.html.
    • (2007) Debate Format a Small Step for Politics
    • McGookin, S.1
  • 10
    • 19944370452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation
    • Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation. Political Communication, 22, 147-162.
    • (2005) Political Communication , vol.22 , pp. 147-162
    • Dahlgren, P.1
  • 11
    • 34250688301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finally informing the electorate? How the Internet got people thinking about presidential politics in 2004
    • Dalrymple, K.E., & Scheufele, D.A. (2007). Finally informing the electorate? How the Internet got people thinking about presidential politics in 2004. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12(3), 96-111.
    • (2007) Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 96-111
    • Dalrymple, K.E.1    Scheufele, D.A.2
  • 12
    • 79951844461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-debate Frank Luntz focus group
    • Retrieved from
    • Hannity. S. (2007). Post-debate Frank Luntz focus group [Transcript]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/12/postdebate_frank_luntz_focus_g.html.
    • (2007) Transcript
    • Hannity, S.1
  • 14
    • 79951828963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from, A series of YouTubes
    • Hotline. (2007b). SC debate: What happened. A series of YouTubes. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nationaljournal.com/hotline.
    • (2007) SC Debate: What Happened
    • Hotline1
  • 15
    • 85045159807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media dissociation, Internet use, and antiwar political participation: A case study of political dissent and action against the war in Iraq
    • Hwang, H., Schmierbach, M., Paek, M., Gil de Zuniga, J., & Shaw, D.V. (2006). Media dissociation, Internet use, and antiwar political participation: A case study of political dissent and action against the war in Iraq. Mass Communication and Society, 9(4), 461-483.
    • (2006) Mass Communication and Society , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-483
    • Hwang, H.1    Schmierbach, M.2    Paek, M.3    de Gil Zuniga, J.4    Shaw, D.V.5
  • 16
    • 0346266485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis
    • Jennings, M.K., & Zeitner, V. (2003). Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 311-334.
    • (2003) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.67 , pp. 311-334
    • Jennings, M.K.1    Zeitner, V.2
  • 17
    • 0038802476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A boost or bust for democracy? How the Web influenced political attitude and behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections
    • Johnson, T.J., & Kaye, B.K. (2003). A boost or bust for democracy? How the Web influenced political attitude and behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(3), 9-34.
    • (2003) Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 9-34
    • Johnson, T.J.1    Kaye, B.K.2
  • 18
    • 79951848184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sparks fly among GOP presidential candidates in Florida debate
    • (29 November). Retrieved from
    • Kennedy, J. (29 November 2007). Sparks fly among GOP presidential candidates in Florida debate. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved fromhttp://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2007-11-29/news/mdebate29_1_youtube-romney-illegal-immigrants.
    • (2007) Orlando Sentinel
    • Kennedy, J.1
  • 19
    • 33750295939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social capital online: Collective use of the Internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy
    • Kobayashi, K., Ikeda, K., & Miyata, K. (2006). Social capital online: Collective use of the Internet and reciprocity as lubricants of democracy. Information, Communication and Society, 9(5), 582-611.
    • (2006) Information, Communication and Society , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 582-611
    • Kobayashi, K.1    Ikeda, K.2    Miyata, K.3
  • 20
    • 35648982334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyber citizen or cyborg citizen: Baudrillard, political agency, and the commons in virtual politics
    • Koch, A. (2005). Cyber citizen or cyborg citizen: Baudrillard, political agency, and the commons in virtual politics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 20, 159-175.
    • (2005) Journal of Mass Media Ethics , vol.20 , pp. 159-175
    • Koch, A.1
  • 21
    • 0032172155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
    • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017-1031.
    • (1998) American Psychologist , vol.53 , Issue.9 , pp. 1017-1031
    • Kraut, R.1    Patterson, M.2    Lundmark, V.3    Kiesler, S.4    Mukopadhyay, T.5    Scherlis, W.6
  • 22
    • 12944252858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talking politics and engaging politics: An examination of the interactive relationships between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement
    • Kwak, N., Williams, A.E., Wang, X., & Lee, H. (2005). Talking politics and engaging politics: An examination of the interactive relationships between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement. Communication Research, 32(1), 87-111.
    • (2005) Communication Research , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-111
    • Kwak, N.1    Williams, A.E.2    Wang, X.3    Lee, H.4
  • 24
    • 79951841405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The day that made Larry Lessig an optimist
    • (18 December). Retrieved from
    • Lydon, L. (18 December 2003). The day that made Larry Lessig an optimist. Christopher Lydon Interviews. Retrieved fromhttp://blogs.law.harvard.edu/lydondev/2003/12/18/.
    • (2003) Christopher Lydon Interviews
    • Lydon, L.1
  • 26
    • 0033241749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation
    • McLeod, J.M., Scheufele, D.A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16, 315-336.
    • (1999) Political Communication , vol.16 , pp. 315-336
    • McLeod, J.M.1    Scheufele, D.A.2    Moy, P.3
  • 27
    • 29744450765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking dimensions of Internet use and civic engagement
    • Moy, P. (2005). Linking dimensions of Internet use and civic engagement. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 571-586.
    • (2005) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 571-586
    • Moy, P.1
  • 28
    • 85055306833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication and citizenship: Mapping the political effects of infotainment
    • Moy, P., Xenos, M.A., & Hess, V.K. (2005). Communication and citizenship: Mapping the political effects of infotainment. Mass Communication & Society, 8(1), 111-131.
    • (2005) Mass Communication & Society , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-131
    • Moy, P.1    Xenos, M.A.2    Hess, V.K.3
  • 29
    • 79951823803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (24 July). Retrieved from, The Huffington Post
    • Muse, J. (24 July 2007). The consensus on last night's debate format. The Huffington Post. Retrieved fromhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/jack-muse/the-consensus-on-last-nig_b_57608.html.
    • (2007) The Consensus on Last Night's Debate Format
    • Muse, J.1
  • 30
    • 0036012223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice
    • Mutz, D.C. (2002). Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice. American Political Science Review, 96(1), 111-126.
    • (2002) American Political Science Review , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-126
    • Mutz, D.C.1
  • 31
    • 0035532339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media
    • Mutz, D.C., & Martin, P.S. (2001). Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media. American Political Science Review, 95(1), 97-114.
    • (2001) American Political Science Review , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-114
    • Mutz, D.C.1    Martin, P.S.2
  • 34
    • 79951836922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barack dominates the debate
    • (24 July 24,). Retrieved from
    • Obama, B. (24 July 24, 2008). Barack dominates the debate. Barack Obama '08. Retrieved fromhttp://www.jaluo.com/wangwach/200707/David_Plouffe072407.html.
    • (2008) Barack Obama '08
    • Obama, B.1
  • 35
    • 29144460699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet and political participation: Exploring the explanatory links
    • Polat, R.K. (2005). The Internet and political participation: Exploring the explanatory links. European Journal of Communication, 20(4), 435-459.
    • (2005) European Journal of Communication , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 435-459
    • Polat, R.K.1
  • 36
    • 84937387842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online deliberation and its influence: The electronic dialogue project in Campaign 2000
    • Price, V., & Cappella, J.N. (2002). Online deliberation and its influence: The electronic dialogue project in Campaign 2000. IT and Society, 1(1), 303-329.
    • (2002) IT and Society , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 303-329
    • Price, V.1    Cappella, J.N.2
  • 38
    • 68849094342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our space: Online civic engagement tools for youth
    • In W. L. Bennett (Ed.), Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press
    • Raynes-Goldie, K., & Walker, L. (2008). Our space: Online civic engagement tools for youth. In W. L. Bennett (Ed.), Civic life online: Learning how digital media can engage youth (pp. 161-188). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    • (2008) Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth , pp. 161-188
    • Raynes-Goldie, K.1    Walker, L.2
  • 40
    • 26444433218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information and expression in a digital age: Model Internet effects on civic participation
    • Shah, D.V., Cho, J., Eveland, W.P., Jr., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Model Internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32(5), 531-565.
    • (2005) Communication Research , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 531-565
    • Shah, D.V.1    Cho, J.2    Eveland Jr., W.P.3    Kwak, N.4
  • 41
    • 0035593391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting and disconnecting with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital
    • Shah, D.V., Kwak, N., & Holbert, R.L. (2001). Connecting and disconnecting with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital. Political Communication, 18, 141-162.
    • (2001) Political Communication , vol.18 , pp. 141-162
    • Shah, D.V.1    Kwak, N.2    Holbert, R.L.3
  • 42
    • 0035599595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences
    • Shah, D.V., McLeod, J., & Yoon, S. (2001). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences. Communication Research, 28(4), 464-506.
    • (2001) Communication Research , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 464-506
    • Shah, D.V.1    McLeod, J.2    Yoon, S.3
  • 43
    • 32944457476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicating opinion leadership: Nonpolitical dispositions, information consumption, and civic participation
    • Shah, D.V., & Scheufele, D.A. (2006). Explicating opinion leadership: Nonpolitical dispositions, information consumption, and civic participation. Political Communication, 23, 1-22.
    • (2006) Political Communication , vol.23 , pp. 1-22
    • Shah, D.V.1    Scheufele, D.A.2
  • 44
    • 79951845080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (24 July). Retrieved from, Palm Beach Post
    • Shepard, S. (24 July 2007). Old fashioned politics gets an Internet twist. Palm Beach Post. Retrieved fromhttp://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/palm-beach-post/mi_8163/is_20070724/fashioned-politics-internet-twist/ai_n51962869/.
    • (2007) Old Fashioned Politics Gets an Internet Twist
    • Shepard, S.1
  • 45
    • 7444259759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of Internet use on political participation: Evidence from an agency online discussion forum
    • Stanley, J.W., & Weare, C. (2004). The effects of Internet use on political participation: Evidence from an agency online discussion forum. Administration and Society, 36(5), 503-527.
    • (2004) Administration and Society , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 503-527
    • Stanley, J.W.1    Weare, C.2
  • 46
    • 33747179267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to the newer media in a presidential primary campaign
    • Tewksbury, D. (2006). Exposure to the newer media in a presidential primary campaign. Political Communication, 23, 313-332.
    • (2006) Political Communication , vol.23 , pp. 313-332
    • Tewksbury, D.1
  • 47
    • 69449083436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political use and perceived effects of the Internet: A case study of the 2004 election
    • Tian, Y. (2006). Political use and perceived effects of the Internet: A case study of the 2004 election. Communication Research Reports, 23(2), 129-137.
    • (2006) Communication Research Reports , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-137
    • Tian, Y.1
  • 48
    • 2542620585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trust, civic engagement, and the Internet
    • Uslaner, E.M. (2004). Trust, civic engagement, and the Internet. Political Communication, 21, 223-242.
    • (2004) Political Communication , vol.21 , pp. 223-242
    • Uslaner, E.M.1
  • 49
    • 79951835679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (19 July). Retrieved from, The Washington Post
    • Vargas, J.A. (19 July 2007). YouTube users will quiz candidates. The Washington Post. Retrieved fromhttp://www.personaldemocracy.com/rasiejpress/WashPost7-18-2007.pdf.
    • (2007) YouTube Users Will Quiz Candidates
    • Vargas, J.A.1
  • 50
  • 52
    • 37349116738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and differential effects of the Internet on political and civic engagement
    • Xenos, M., & Moy, P. (2007). Direct and differential effects of the Internet on political and civic engagement. Journal of Communication, 57, 704-718.
    • (2007) Journal of Communication , vol.57 , pp. 704-718
    • Xenos, M.1    Moy, P.2
  • 53
    • 58449127244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of mass media use and social capital on civic and political participation
    • Zhang, W., & Chia, S.C. (2006). The effects of mass media use and social capital on civic and political participation. Communication Studies, 57(3), 277-297.
    • (2006) Communication Studies , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-297
    • Zhang, W.1    Chia, S.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.