New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis: Toll-like receptors and beyond

Pediatric Research

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 183-188

  Afrazi, Amin ^a   Sodhi, Chhinder P ^a   Richardson, Ward ^a   Neal, Matthew ^a   Good, Misty ^a   Siggers, Richard ^a   Hackam, David J ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

ANTIBIOSIS; DISEASE COURSE; HOMEOSTASIS; INTESTINE EPITHELIUM; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMALL INTESTINE;

ANIMALS; ENTEROCOLITIS, NECROTIZING; ENTEROCYTES; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INFANT, PREMATURE, DISEASES; INTESTINAL MUCOSA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 79951604923     PISSN: 00313998     EISSN: 15300447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182093280     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Luig M, Lui K; NSW & ACT NICUS Group 2005 Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis-part I: changing regional trends in extremely preterm infants ov (Pubitemid 40646625)
2. Gagliardi L, Bellu R, Cardilli V, De Curtis M; Network Neonatale Lombardo 2008 Necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants in Italy: incidence and non-nutritional risk factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 47:206-210
3. Mizrahi A, Barlow O, Berdon W, Blanc WA, Silverman WA 1965 Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. J Pediatr 66:697-705
4. Blakely ML, Lally KP, McDonald S, Brown RL, Barnhart DC, Ricketts RR, Thompson WR, Scherer LR, Klein MD, Letton RW, Chwals WJ, Touloukian RJ, Kurkchubasche AG, Skinner MA, Moss RL, Hilfiker ML; Network NECSotNNR 2005 Postoperative outcomes of extremely low birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis or isolated intestinal perforation: a prospective cohort study by the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Ann Surg 241:984-989; discussion 989-994
5. Lin HC, Su BH, Chen AC, Lin TW, Tsai CH, Yeh TF, Oh W 2005 Oral probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 115:1-4 (Pubitemid 43046273)
6. Grave GD, Nelson SA, Walker WA, Moss RL, Dvorak B, Hamilton FA, Higgins R, Raju TN 2007 New therapies and preventive approaches for necrotizing enteroco-litis: report of a research planning workshop. Pediatr Res 62:510-514 (Pubitemid 47476215)
7. Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R 2010 Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science 327:291-295
8. Wynn J, Cornell TT, Wong HR, Shanley TP, Wheeler DS 2010 The host response to sepsis and developmental impact. Pediatrics 125:1031-1041
9. Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr 1997 A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388:394-397 (Pubitemid 27334820)
10. Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA 1996 The dorso-ventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell 86:973-983 (Pubitemid 26336801)
11. Roach JC, Glusman G, Rowen L, Kaur A, Purcell MK, Smith KD, Hood LE, Aderem A 2005 The evoluation of vertebrate Toll-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:9577-9582
12. Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I, Liu MY, Van Huffel C, Du X, Birdwell D, Alejos E, Silva M, Galanos C, Freudenberg M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Layton B, Beutler B 1998 Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 282:2085-2088 (Pubitemid 29001265)
13. Hotta T, Yoshida N, Yoshikawa T, Sugino S, Kondo M 1986 Lipopolysaccharide-induced colitis in rabbits. Res Exp Med (Berl) 186:61-69 (Pubitemid 16132584)
14. Feng J, El-Assal ON, Besner GE 2005 Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediatr Surg 14:167-174 (Pubitemid 41111603)
15. Feng J, Besner GE 2007 Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor promotes enterocyte migration and proliferation in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 42:214-220 (Pubitemid 46037740)
16. Kruis W, Schussler P, Weinzierl M, Galanos C, Eisenburg J 1984 Circulating lipid A antibodies despite absence of systemic endotoxemia in patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 29:502-507 (Pubitemid 14075344)
17. Caradonna L, Amati L, Lella P, Jirillo E, Caccavo D 2000 Phagocytosis, killing, lymphocyte-mediated antibacterial activity, serum autoantibodies, and plasma en-dotoxins in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 95:1495-1502 (Pubitemid 30396310)
18. Noerr B 2003 Current controversies in the understanding of necrotizing enterocolitis. Adv Neonatal Care 3:107-120 (Pubitemid 40432909)
19. Sharma R, Tepas JJ III, Hudak ML, Mollitt DL, Wludyka PS, Teng RJ, Premachan-dra BR 2007 Neonatal gut barrier and multiple organ failure: role of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 42:454-461
20. Duffy LC, Zielezny MA, Carrion V, Griffiths E, Dryja D, Hilty M, Rook C, Morin F III 1997 Concordance of bacterial cultures with endotoxin and interleukin-6 in necrotizing enterocolitis. Dig Dis Sci 42:359-365 (Pubitemid 27112984)
21. Leaphart CL, Cavallo JC, Gribar SC, Cetin S, Li J, Branca MF, Dubowski TD, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ 2007 A critical role for TLR4 in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis by modulating intestinal injury and repair. J Immunol 179:4808-4820
22. Jilling T, Simon D, Lu J, Meng FJ, Li D, Schy R, Thomson RB, Soliman A, Arditi M, Caplan MS 2006 The roles of bacteria and TLR4 in rat and murine models of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Immunol 177:3273-3282 (Pubitemid 44277847)
23. Chan KL, Wong KF, Luk JM 2009 Role of LPS/CD14/TLR4-mediated inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. World J Gastroenterol 15:4745-4752
24. Richardson WM, Sodhi CP, Russo A, Siggers RH, Afrazi A, Gribar SC, Neal MD, Dai S, Prindle TJ, Branca M, Ma C, Ozolek J, Hackam DJ 2010 Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 inhibits Toll like receptor-4 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. Gastroenterology 139:904-917
25. Sodhi CP, Shi XH, Richardson WM, Grant ZS, Shapiro RA, Prindle TJ, Branca M, Russo A, Gribar SC, Ma C, Hackam DJ 2010 Toll-like receptor-4 inhibits enterocyte proliferation via impaired beta-catenin signaling in necrotizing enterocolitis. Gastroenterology 138:185-196
26. Qureshi FG, Leaphart C, Cetin S, Li J, Grishin A, Watkins S, Ford HR, Hackam DJ 2005 Increased expression and function of integrins in enterocytes by endotoxin impairs epithelial restitution. Gastroenterology 128:1012-1022 (Pubitemid 40523551)
27. Wolfs TG, Derikx JP, Hodin CM, Vanderlocht J, Driessen A, de Bruïne AP, Bevins CL, Lasitschka F, Gassler N, van Gemert WG, Buurman WA 2010 Localization of the lipopolysaccharide recognition complex in the human healthy and inflamed premature and adult gut. Inflamm Bowel Dis 16:68-75
28. Liu Y, Zhu L, Fatheree NY, Liu X, Pacheco SE, Tatevian N, Rhoads JM 2009 Changes in intestinal Toll-like receptors and cytokines precede histological injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 297:G442-G450
29. Lu J, Jilling T, Li D, Caplan MS 2007 Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation alters proinflammatory gene expression and reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model. Pediatr Res 61:427-432 (Pubitemid 46569295)
30. Cetin S, Ford HR, Sysko LR, Agarwal C, Wang J, Neal MD, Baty C, Apodaca G, Hackam DJ 2004 Endotoxin inhibits intestinal epithelial restitution through activation of Rho-GTPase and increased focal adhesions. J Biol Chem 279:24592-24600 (Pubitemid 38725326)
31. Dai S, Sodhi CP, Cetin S, Richardson W, Branca M, Neal MD, Prindle T, Ma C, Shapiro RA, Li B, Wang JH, Hackam DJ 2010 Extracellular high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) inhibits enterocyte migration via activation of Toll like receptor 4 and increased cell-matrix adhesiveness. J Biol Chem 285:4995-5002
32. Zheng L, Riehl TE, Stenson WF 2009 Regulation of colonic epithelial repair in mice by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronic acid. Gastroenterology 137:2041-2051
33. Fukata M, Chen A, Klepper A, Krishnareddy S, Vamadevan AS, Thomas LS, Xu R, Inoue H, Arditi M, Dannenberg AJ, Abreu MT 2006 Cox-2 is regulated by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling: role in proliferation and apoptosis in the intestine. Gastroenterology 131:862-877 (Pubitemid 44316821)
34. Fukata M, Michelsen KS, Eri R, Thomas LS, Hu B, Lukasek K, Nast CC, Lechago J, Xu R, Naiki Y, Soliman A, Arditi M, Abreu MT 2005 Toll-like receptor-4 is required for intestinal response to epithelial injury and limiting bacterial translocation in a murine model of acute colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 288:G1055-G1065 (Pubitemid 40563149)
35. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R 2004 Recognition of commensal microflora by Toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 118:229-241 (Pubitemid 38962578)
36. Fukata M, Hernandez Y, Conduah D, Cohen J, Chen A, Breglio K, Goo T, Hsu D, Xu R, Abreu MT 2009 Innate immune signaling by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) shapes the inflammatory microenvironment in colitis-associated tumors. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15:997-1006
37. Lotz M, Gutle D, Walther S, Menard S, Bogdan C, Hornef MW 2006 Postnatal acquisition of endotoxin tolerance in intestinal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 203:973-984
38. Wang J, Ford HR, Grishin AV 2010 NF-kappaB-mediated expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 is an early step in desensitization to TLR ligands in enterocytes. Mucosal Immunol 3:523-534
39. Wang J, Ouyang Y, Guner Y, Ford HR, Grishin AV 2009 Ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 promotes tolerance to lipopolysaccharide in enterocytes. J Immunol 183:1384-1392
40. Gribar SC, Sodhi CP, Richardson WM, Anand RJ, Gittes GK, Branca MF, Jakub A, Shi XH, Shah S, Ozolek JA, Hackam DJ 2009 Reciprocal expression and signaling of TLR4 and TLR9 in the pathogenesis and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Immunol 182:636-646
41. Borzutzky A, Fried A, Chou J, Bonilla FA, Kim S, Dedeoglu F 2010 NOD2-associated diseases: bridging innate immunity and autoinflammation. Clin Immunol 134:251-261
42. 2 and platelet-activating factor receptor in the Ca-induced biosynthesis of PAF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 271:812-817 (Pubitemid 30444710)
43. Svetlov SI, Liu H, Chao W, Olson MS 1997 Regulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis via coenzyme A-independent transacylase in the macrophage cell line IC-21 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Biochim Biophys Acta 1346:120-130 (Pubitemid 27268389)
44. Izumi T, Shimizu T 1995 Platelet-activating factor receptor: gene expression and signal transduction. Biochim Biophys Acta 1259:317-333 (Pubitemid 26014986)
45. Muguruma K, Gray PW, Tjoelker LW, Johnston JM 1997 The central role of PAF in necrotizing enterocolitis development. Adv Exp Med Biol 407:379-382
46. Amer MD, Hedlund E, Rochester J, Caplan MS 2004 Platelet-activating factor concentration in the stool of human newborns: effects of enteral feeding and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Biol Neonate 85:159-166 (Pubitemid 38437696)
47. Caplan MS, Hedlund E, Adler L, Lickerman M, Hsueh W 1997 The platelet activating factor receptor antagonist WEB 2170 prevents neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 24:296-301 (Pubitemid 27199619)
48. Caplan MS, Lickerman M, Adler L, Dietsch GN, Yu A 1997 The role of recombinant platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 42:779-783 (Pubitemid 27509535)
49. Worthen GS, Seccombe JF, Clay KL, Guthrie LA, Johnston RB Jr 1988 The priming of neutrophils by lipopolysaccharide for production of intracellular platelet-activating factor: potential role in mediation of enhanced superoxide secretion. J Immunol 140:3553-3559
50. Milla PJ, Fenton TR 1983 Small intestinal motility patterns in the perinatal period. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2:S141-S144