Circulating leptin concentrations do not distinguish menstrual status in exercising women

Human Reproduction

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 685-694

  Corr, M ^a   De Souza, M J ^a   Toombs, R J ^a   Williams, N I ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

adiposity; amenorrhea; exercise; leptin; reproductive status

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN; LEPTIN; STEROID;

ADULT; AMENORRHEA; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; NORMAL HUMAN; OBESITY; OVULATION; PREMENOPAUSE; STEROID URINE LEVEL; SYMPATHETIC TONE;

EID: 79951573623     PISSN: 02681161     EISSN: 14602350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq375     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Barash IA, Cheung CC, Weigle DS, Ren HP, Kabigting EB, Kuijper JL, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system. Endocrinology 1996;137:3144-3147. (Pubitemid 26193035)
2. Barber TM, Wass JA, McCarthy MI, Franks S. Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligo-amenorrhoea but normal androgen levels: implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:513-517. (Pubitemid 46434931)
3. Carulli L, Ferrari S, Bertolini M, Tagliafico E, Del Rio G. Regulation of ob gene expression: evidence for epinephrine-induced suppression in human obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3309-3312. (Pubitemid 30646960)
4. Chehab FF, Lim ME, Lu R. Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin. Nat Genet 1996;12:318-320. (Pubitemid 26080094)
5. Cunningham MJ, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Leptin's actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanisms. Biol Reprod 1999; 60:216-222. (Pubitemid 29063859)
6. ASRM Practice Committee. Current evaluation of amenorrhea. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertil Steril 2008;90:S219-225.
7. De Souza MJ, Miller BE, Loucks AB, Luciano AA, Pescatello LS, Campbell CG, Lasley BL. High frequency of luteal phase deficiency and anovulation in recreational women runners: Blunted elevation in follicle-stimulating hormone observed during luteal-follicular transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:4220-4232. (Pubitemid 29100113)
8. De Souza MJ, Leidy HJ, O'Donnell E, Lasley B, Williams NI. Fasting ghrelin levels in physically active women: relationship with menstrual disturbances and metabolic hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:3536-3542. (Pubitemid 38951932)
9. De Souza MJ, Lee DK, VanHeest JL, Scheid JL, West SL, Williams NI. Severity of energy-related menstrual disturbances increases in proportion to indices of energy conservation in exercising women. Fertil Steril 2007;88:971-975. (Pubitemid 47498349)
10. De Souza MJ, Toombs RJ, Scheid JL, O'Donnell E, West SL, Williams NI. High prevalence of subtle and severe menstrual disturbances in exercising women: confirmation using daily hormone measures. Hum Reprod 2010;25:491-503.
11. Elbers JM, Asscheman H, Seidell JC, Frolich M, Meinders AE, Gooren LJ. Reversal of the sex difference in serum leptin levels upon cross-sex hormone administration in transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:3267-3270. (Pubitemid 27419069)
12. Frisch RE, McArthur JW. Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset. Science 1974;185:949-951.
13. Gettys TW, Harkness PJ, Watson PM. The beta 3-adrenergic receptor inhibits insulin-stimulated leptin secretion from isolated rat adipocytes. Endocrinology 1996;137:4054-4057. (Pubitemid 26284684)
14. Goedecke JH, St Clair Gibson A, Grobler L, Collins M, Noakes TD, Lambert EV. Determinants of the variability in respiratory exchange ratio at rest and during exercise in trained athletes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000;279:E1325-1334.
15. Grinspoon SK, Askari H, Landt ML, Nathan DM, Schoenfeld DA, Hayden DL, Laposata M, Hubbard J, Klibanski A. Effects of fasting and glucose infusion on basal and overnight leptin concentrations in normal-weight women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:1352-1356. (Pubitemid 27514759)
16. Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Rabinowitz D, Lallone RL, Burley SK, Friedman JM. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995;269:543-546.
17. Hickey MS, Houmard JA, Considine RV, Tyndall GL, Midgette JB, Gavigan KE, Weidner ML, McCammon MR, Israel RG, Caro JF. Gender-dependent effects of exercise training on serum leptin levels in humans. Am J Physiol 1997;272:E562-566.
18. Hilton LK, Loucks AB. Low energy availability, not exercise stress, suppresses the diurnal rhythm of leptin in healthy young women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000;278:E43-49. (Pubitemid 30101918)
19. Hjemdahl P, Linde B. Influence of circulating NE and Epi on adipose tissue vascular resistance and lipolysis in humans. Am J Physiol 1983; 245:H447-452. (Pubitemid 13007899)
20. Jenkins AB, Markovic TP, Fleury A, Campbell LV. Carbohydrate intake and short-term regulation of leptin in humans. Diabetologia 1997; 40:348-351. (Pubitemid 27096562)
21. Johnstone AM, Murison SD, Duncan JS, Rance KA, Speakman JR. Factors influencing variation in basal metabolic rate include fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine but not sex, circulating leptin, or triiodothyronine. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:941-948. (Pubitemid 43779749)
22. Kimura M, Tateishi N, Shiota T, Yoshie F, Yamauchi H, Suzuki M, Shibasaki T. Long-term exercise down-regulates leptin receptor mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. Neuroreport 2004;15:713-716. (Pubitemid 38457167)
23. Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Nutritional and endocrine-metabolic aberrations in amenorrheic athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:4301-4309. (Pubitemid 26412033)
24. Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Hypoleptinemia in women athletes: absence of a diurnal rhythm with amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:318-321. (Pubitemid 27021319)
25. Laughlin GA, Dominguez CE, Yen SS. Nutritional and endocrine-metabolic aberrations in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:25-32. (Pubitemid 28498306)
26. Leroy P, Dessolin S, Villageois P, Moon BC, Friedman JM, Ailhaud G, Dani C. Expression of ob gene in adipose cells. Regulation by insulin. J Biol Chem 1996;271:2365-2368.
27. Lindholm A, Andersson L, Eliasson M, Bixo M, Sundstrom-Poromaa I. Prevalence of symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008;102:39-43.
28. Loucks AB, Thuma JR. Luteinizing hormone pulsatility is disrupted at a threshold of energy availability in regularly menstruating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:297-311. (Pubitemid 36115181)
29. Malmstrom R, Taskinen MR, Karonen SL, Yki-Jarvinen H. Insulin increases plasma leptin concentrations in normal subjects and patients with NIDDM. Diabetologia 1996;39:993-996. (Pubitemid 26249121)
30. Matkovic V, Ilich JZ, Skugor M, Badenhop NE, Goel P, Clairmont A, Klisovic D, Nahhas RW, Landoll JD. Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3239-3245. (Pubitemid 27419064)
31. Miller KK, Parulekar MS, Schoenfeld E, Anderson E, Hubbard J, Klibanski A, Grinspoon SK. Decreased leptin levels in normal weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea: the effects of body composition and nutritional intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:2309-2312. (Pubitemid 28503019)
32. Miller RC, Brindle E, Holman DJ, Shofer J, Klein NA, Soules MR, O'Connor KA. Comparison of specific gravity and creatinine for normalizing urinary reproductive hormone concentrations. Clin Chem 2004;50:924-932. (Pubitemid 38543672)
33. Nardo LG, Yates AP, Roberts SA, Pemberton P, Laing I. The relationships between AMH, androgens, insulin resistance and basal ovarian follicular status in non-obese subfertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2009;24:2917-2923.
34. Ostlund RE Jr, Yang JW, Klein S, Gingerich R. Relation between plasma leptin concentration and body fat, gender, diet, age, and metabolic covariates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3909-3913. (Pubitemid 26380395)
35. Polito A, Fabbri A, Ferro-Luzzi A, Cuzzolaro M, Censi L, Ciarapica D, Fabbrini E, Giannini D. Basal metabolic rate in anorexia nervosa: relation to body composition and leptin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1495-1502. (Pubitemid 30395896)
36. Rayner DV, Trayhurn P. Regulation of leptin production: sympathetic nervous system interactions. J Mol Med 2001;79:8-20. (Pubitemid 32250019)
37. Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H. Position statement: utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:405-413.
38. Satoh Y, Shimizu T, Lee T, Nishizawa K, Iijima M, Yamashiro Y. Resting energy expenditure and plasma leptin levels in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2003;34:156-161. (Pubitemid 36648837)
39. Scheid JL, Williams NI, West SL, VanHeest JL, De Souza MJ. Elevated PYY is associated with energy deficiency and indices of subclinical disordered eating in exercising women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Appetite 2009;52:184-192.
40. Scriba D, Aprath-Husmann I, Blum WF, Hauner H. Catecholamines suppress leptin release from in vitro differentiated subcutaneous human adipocytes in primary culture via beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143:439-445.
41. Shimizu H, Shimomura Y, Nakanishi Y, Futawatari T, Ohtani K, Sato N, Mori M. Estrogen increases in vivo leptin production in rats and human subjects. J Endocrinol 1997;154:285-292. (Pubitemid 27330641)
42. Stener-Victorin E, Holm G, Labrie F, Nilsson L, Janson PO, Ohlsson C. Are there any sensitive and specific sex steroid markers for polycystic ovary syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:810-819.
43. Tataranni PA, Monroe MB, Dueck CA, Traub SA, Nicolson M, Manore MM, Matt KS, Ravussin E. Adiposity, plasma leptin concentration and reproductive function in active and sedentary females. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997;21:818-821. (Pubitemid 27375899)
44. Thong FS, McLean C, Graham TE. Plasma leptin in female athletes: relationship with body fat, reproductive, nutritional, and endocrine factors. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:2037-2044. (Pubitemid 30453908)
45. Tilbrook AJ, Turner AI, Clarke IJ. Stress and reproduction: central mechanisms and sex differences in non-rodent species. Stress 2002; 5:83-100. (Pubitemid 34532747)
46. Wabitsch M, Blum WF, Muche R, Braun M, Hube F, Rascher W, Heinze E, Teller W, Hauner H. Contribution of androgens to the gender difference in leptin production in obese children and adolescents. J Clin Invest 1997;100:808-813. (Pubitemid 27371698)
47. Wade GN, Jones JE. Neuroendocrinology of nutritional infertility. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;287:R1277-1296. (Pubitemid 39532210)
48. Warren MP, Voussoughian F, Geer EB, Hyle EP, Adberg CL, Ramos RH. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: hypoleptinemia and disordered eating. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:873-877. (Pubitemid 29138211)
49. Weigle DS, Bukowski TR, Foster DC, Holderman S, Kramer JM, Lasser G, Lofton-Day CE, Prunkard DE, Raymond C, Kuijper JL. Recombinant ob protein reduces feeding and body weight in the ob/ob mouse. J Clin Invest 1995;96:2065-2070.
50. Weir JB. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism 1949. Nutrition 1990;6:213-221.
51. Welt CK, Chan JL, Bullen J, Murphy R, Smith P, DePaoli AM, Karalis A, Mantzoros CS. Recombinant human leptin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. N Engl J Med 2004;351:987-997. (Pubitemid 39166262)
52. Williams NI, Helmreich DL, Parfitt DB, Caston-Balderrama A, Cameron JL. Evidence for a causal role of low energy availability in the induction of menstrual cycle disturbances during strenuous exercise training. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5184-5193. (Pubitemid 33070234)
53. Zheng D, Wooter MH, Zhou Q, Dohm GL. The effect of exercise on ob gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 225:747-750. (Pubitemid 26319177)