The role of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer: Understanding its benefits and limitations

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 405-413

  Mulder, Karen ^a,b   Scarfe, Andrew ^a,b   Chua, Neil ^a,b   Spratlin, Jennifer ^a,b  

^a CROSS CANCER INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

angiogenesis; bevacizumab; colorectal cancer; VEGF; VEGFRs

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; OXALIPLATIN; PLACEBO; VASCULOTROPIN;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; ASTHENIA; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; COUGHING; CYTOTOXICITY; DIARRHEA; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PERFORATION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DYSPNEA; ECCHYMOSIS; FEVER; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LEUKOPENIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; MOUTH DISEASE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; MULTIPLE CANCER; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEINURIA; RASH; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; WOUND DEHISCENCE; WOUND HEALING; WOUND INFECTION;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DRUG RESISTANCE, NEOPLASM; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79851497820     PISSN: 14712598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.557657     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Parkin DM. International variation. Oncogene 2004;23:6329-40 (Pubitemid 39272833)
2. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108
3. Center MM, Jemal A, Ward E. Worldwide trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:1688-94
4. Center MM, Jemal A, Smith RA, Ward E. Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:366-78
5. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2335-42 (Pubitemid 38702844)
6. Efficacy of intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer. Meta-analysis group in cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:301-8
7. Van Cutsem E, Twelves C, Cassidy J, et al. Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:4097-106 (Pubitemid 33049527)
8. Hoff PM, Ansari R, Batist G, et al. Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2282-92 (Pubitemid 32366981)
9. Rougier P, Van Cutsem E, Bajetta E, et al. Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 1998;352:1407-12 (Pubitemid 28510873)
10. Cunningham D, Pyrrhonen S, James RD, et al. Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 1998;352:1413-18 (Pubitemid 28510874)
11. Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343:905-14
12. Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2000;355:1041-7 (Pubitemid 30162806)
13. Rothenberg ML, Oza RH, Bigelow JD, et al. Superiority of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil-leucovorin compared with either therapy alone in patients with progressive colorectal cancer after irinotecan and fluorouracil-leucovorin: interim results of a phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2059-69 (Pubitemid 46606353)
14. Goldberg RM, Sargeant DJ, Morton RF, et al. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:23-30 (Pubitemid 41095110)
15. Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Mitchell E, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the BICC-C study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4779-86 (Pubitemid 350086481)
16. Fuchs CS. Randomized controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluorpyrimidines in first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: update from BICC-C trial. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:689-90 (Pubitemid 351264373)
17. Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E, et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:229-37 (Pubitemid 41095086)
18. Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, et al. Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1990;322:352-8 (Pubitemid 20042739)
19. O'Connell MJ, Maillard JA, Kahn MJ, et al. Controlled trial of fluorouracil and low-dose leucovorin given for 6 months as postoperative adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:246-150
20. Wolmark N, Rockette H, Mamounas ES, et al. Clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy of fluorouracil and leucovorin, fluorouracil and levamisole, and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in patients with Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the colon: Results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project C-04. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3553-9 (Pubitemid 29517927)
21. Andre T, Colin P, Louvet C, et al. Semimonthly versus monthly regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin administered for 24 or 36 weeks as adjuvant therapy in stage II and III colon cancer: Results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2896-903 (Pubitemid 46621839)
22. Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, et al. Irinotecan fluorouracil plus leucovorin is not superior to fluorouracil plus leucovorin alone as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer: Results of CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3456-61 (Pubitemid 47310883)
23. Ychou M, Hohenberger W, Thezenas S, et al. A randomized phase III study comparing adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid with FOLFIRI in patients following complete resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1964-70
24. Van Cutsem E, Liabianca R, Bodoky G, et al. Randomized phase III trial comparing biweekly infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin alone or with irinotecan in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: PETACC-3. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3117-25
25. Andre T, Boni C, Moundedji-Boudief L, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2343-51 (Pubitemid 38702845)
26. Andre T, Boni C, Navarro M, et al. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3109-16
27. Iruela-Arispe ML, Dvorak HF. Angiogenesis: a dynamic balance of stimulators and inhibitors. Thromb Haest 1997;78:627-7
28. Bergers G, Benjamin LE. Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:401-10 (Pubitemid 37328844)
29. Kerbal RS. Tumor angiogenesis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2039-49
30. Shibuya M, Claesson-Welsh L. Signal transduction by VEGF receptors in regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2006;312:549-60 (Pubitemid 43290332)
31. Takeshi Y, Kitadai Y, Bucana CD, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, KDR, correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation of human colon cancer. Cancer Res 1995;55:3964-8
32. Galizia G, Lieto E, Ferraraccio F, et al. Determination of molecular marker expression can predict clinical outcome in colon carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:3490-9 (Pubitemid 38685457)
33. Liang WC, Wu X, Peale VF, et al. Cross-species vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-blocking antibodies completely inhibit the growth of human tumor xenografts and measure the contribution ofstromal VEGF. J Biol Chem 2006;281:951-61
34. Presta LG, Chen H, O'Conner SJ, et al. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 1997;57:4593-9 (Pubitemid 27441066)
35. Kim KJ, Li B, Houck K, et al. The vascular endothelial growth factor proteins: identification of biologically relevant regions by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Growth Factors 1992;7:53-64
36. Gerber HP, Ferrara N. Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of bevacizumab as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic therapy in preclinical studies. Cancer Res 2005;65:671-80 (Pubitemid 40216420)
37. Gordon MS, Margolin K, Talpaz G, et al. Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:843-50 (Pubitemid 32119100)
38. Margolin K, Gordon MS, Holmgren J, et al. Phase Ib trial of intravenous recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: pharmacologic and long-term safety data. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:851-6 (Pubitemid 32119101)
39. Kabbinivar F, Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L. Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:60-65:2003
40. Kabbinivar FF, Schultz J, McCleod M. Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3697-705
41. Saltz LB, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2013-19
42. Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1539-44 (Pubitemid 46733080)
43. Wolmark N, Yothers G, O'Connell MJ, et al. A phase III trial comparing mFOLFOX6 to mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab in stage II or III carcinoma of the colon: results of NSABP Protocol C-08 [abstract LBA4]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:18s
44. Roche provides results on Avastin® in adjuvant colon cancer: second phase III study does not meet primary endpoint. Investor Updates. Basel, Switzerland, September 18, 2010. Available from: http://www.roche.com/investors/ ir-update/inv-update-2010-09-18b.htm= [Last accessed 30 October 2010]
45. Ranpura V, Hapani V, Chuang J, Wu S. Risk of cardiac ischemia and arterial thromboembolic events with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Oncologica 2010;49:287-97
46. Rani Nalluri S, Chu D, Keresztes R Risk of venous thromboembolism with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab: a Meta-analysis. JAMA 2008;300:2277-85
47. Zhu X, Wu S, Dahut WL, Parikh CR. Risks of proteinuria and hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;49:186-93 (Pubitemid 46178407)
48. Allegra CJ, Yothers G, O'Connell MJ, et al. Initial safety report of NSABP-C08: A randomized phase III study of modified FOLFOX6 with or without bevacizumab for the adjuvant treatment of patients with stage II or III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3385-90
49. Okines A, del Puerto O, Cunningham D, et al. Surgery with curative-intent in patients treated with first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer First BEAT and the randomised phase-III NO16966 trial. Br J Cancer 2009;101:1033-8
50. Kozloff M, Ulcickas Yood M, Berlin J, et al. Clinical outcomes associated with bevacizumab-containing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the Brite Observational Cohort Study. Oncologist 2009;14:862-70
51. Hapani S, Chu D, Wu S. Risk of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with cancer treated with bevacizumab: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:559-68
52. Bergers G, Hanahan D. Modes of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Nat Rev 2008;8:592-603
53. Crawford Y, Ferrara N. Tumor and stromal pathways mediating refractoriness/resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies. Trends Pharm Sci 2009;30:624-30
54. Francia G, Emmenegger U, Kerbel R. Tumor-associated fibroblasts as 'Trojan horse' mediators of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Cancer Cell 2009;15:3-34
55. Cacheux W, Boisserie T, Staudacher L, et al. Reversible tumor growth acceleration following bevacizumab interruption in metastatic colorectal cancer patients scheduled for surgery. Ann Oncol 2008;19:1659-61
56. Miles D, Ellis LM, Reardon DA. Is there really a yin and yang to VEGF-targeted therapies? Lancet Oncol 2010;11:809-11
57. Ebos JML, Lee CR, Cruz-Munoz W, et al. Accelerated metastasis after short-term treatment with a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Cell 2009;15:232-9
58. Stockmann C, Doedens A, Weidemann A, et al. Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor in myeloid cells accelerates tumorigenesis. Nature 2008;456:814-18
59. Paez-Ribes M, Allen E, HudockJ, et al. Antiangiogenic therapy elicits malignant progression of tumors to increased local invasion and distant metastasis. Cancer Cell 2009;15:220-31
60. Jain R. Normalizing tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: a new paradigm for combination therapy. Nat Med 2001;7:987-9 (Pubitemid 32937367)
61. Ince WL, Jubb AM, Holden SN, et al. Association of k-ras, b-raf, and p53 status with the treatment effect of bevacizumab. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:981-9 (Pubitemid 41430564)
62. Jubb AM, Hurwitz HI, Bai W, et al. Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression thrombospondin-2 expression, and microvessel density on the treatment effect of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:217-27 (Pubitemid 46622051)
63. Schneider BP, Wang M, Radovich M, et al. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 genetic polymorphisms with outcome in a trial of paclitaxel compared with paclitaxel plus bevacizumab in advanced breast cancer: ECOG 2100. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4672-8
64. Schultheis AM, Lurje G, Rhodes KE, et al. Polymorphisms and clinical outcome in recurrent ovarian cancer treated with cyclophosphamide and bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:7554-63
65. Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM, et al. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5326-34