Late miocene record of palaeovegetation from Siwalik palaeosols of the Ramnagar sub-basin, India

Current Science

Volumn 100, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 213-232

  Singh, Seema ^a   Parkash, B ^a   Awasthi, A K ^a   Kumar, S ^b  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE   (India)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Carbon isotopes; Palaeovegetation; Pedogenic carbonates; Photosynthetic pathway

Indexed keywords

EID: 79851487523     PISSN: 00113891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Raiverman, V., Foreland Sedimentation in Himalayan Tectonic Regime: A Relook at the Orogenic Process, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, 2002, p. 378.
2. Shukla, A., Palaeopedology of the Overbank intervals of the Lower Siwalik Subgroup (Kathgodam-Amritpur Section of Kumaun Himalaya, India). M.Sc. dissertation, University of Delhi, Delhi, 1984, p. 57.
3. Ranga Rao, A., Aggarwal, R. P., Sharma, U. N., Bhalla, M. S. and Nanda, A. C., Magnetic polarity stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of the Upper Siwalik Subgroup of Jammu Hills, India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1988, 31(4), 361-385.
4. Kumar, R. and Nanda, A. C., Sedimentology of the Middle Siwalik Subgroup of Mohand area, Dehradun valley, India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1989, 34(6), 597-616.
5. Aggarwal, R. P., Nanda, A. C., Prasad, D. N. and Dey, B. K., Geology and biostratigraphy of the Upper Siwalik of the Samba area, Jammu foothills. J. Himalayan Geol., 1993, 4(2), 227-236.
6. Pandita, S. K. and Bhat, G. M., Temporal patterns of palaeoflow of Middle and Upper Siwalik Subgroups, Jammu. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1996, 48, 211-219.
7. Bhat, G. M., Pandita, S. K. and Singh, R., Record of anastomosing fluvial and lacustrine deposition in the Upper Siwalik of Jammu, NW Himalaya, India. J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 1997, 16, 63-64.
8. Thomas, J. V., Parkash, B. and Mohindra, R., Lithofacies and palaeosol analysis of the Middle and Upper Siwalik Groups (Plio-Pleistocene), Haripur-Kolar section, Himachal Pradesh, India. Sediment. Geol., 2002, 150, 343-366.
9. Singh, T., Sharma, U. and Kumar, R., Soft sediment deformation in the Morni area, NW Sub-Himalaya. Curr. Sci., 2007, 93, 1151-1155.
10. Singh, T., Tectonic implications of geomorphometric characterization of watersheds using spatial correlation: Mohand Ridge, NW Himalaya, India. Z. Geomorphol., 2008, 52, 489-502.
11. Johnson, G. D., Palaeopedology of Ramapithecus-bearing sediments, North India. Geol. Rundsch., 1977, 66, 192-216.
12. Retallack, G. J., Paleosols of the Siwalik Group as a 15 Myr record of South Asian palaeoclimate. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, 1995, 32, 36-51.
13. Ganjoo, R. K., Verma, R. K. and Achyuthan, H., Lower Pleistocene palaeosols of the Upper Siwaliks in Jammu: evidence of seasonality. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2002, 60, 371-379.
14. Ghosh, P., Padia, J. T. and Mohindra, R., Stable isotopic studies of paleosol sediment from Upper Siwalik of Himachal Himalaya: evidence from high monsoonal intensity during late Miocene? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 2004, 206, 103-114.
15. Sanyal, P., Bhattacharya, S. K., Kumar, R., Ghosh, S. K. and Sangode, S. J., Mio-Pliocene monsoonal record from Himalayan foreland basin (Indian Siwalik) and its relation to the vegetational change. Palaeogeol. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 2004, 205, 23-41.
16. Kumaravel, V., Sangode, S. J., Siddaiah, N. S. and Kumar, R., Major element geochemical variations in a Miocene-Pliocene Siwalik paleosol sequence: implications to soil forming processes in the Himalayan foreland basin. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2009, 73(6), 759-772.
17. Raymo, M. E. and Ruddiman, W. F., Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature, 1992, 359, 117-122.
18. Wang, C. Y., Shi, Y. L. and Zhou, W. H., Dynamic uplift of the Himalayas. Nature, 1982, 289, 553-556.
19. Conroy, G., West, R. J. and Munthe, J., The Siwaliks of Nepal: recent contributions to vertebrate paleontology and biostratigraphy. In Contributions to Himalayan Geology. 3. Geology of the Western Himalayas (ed. Gupta, V. J.), Hindustan Publ., New Delhi, 1985, pp. 52-61.
20. Behrensmeyer, A. K. et al., The structure and rate of late Miocene expansion of C4 plants: evidence from lateral variation in stable isotopes in palaeosols of the Siwalik Group, northern Pakistan. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 2007, 119, 1486-1505.
21. Quade, J., Cerling, T. E. and Bowman, J. R., Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in the northern Pakistan. Nature, 1989, 342, 163-166.
22. 4 grasses in the Late Miocene of northern Pakistan: evidence from stable isotopes in palaeosols. Palaeogeol. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 1995, 115, 91-116.
23. Quade, J., Cater, M. L. J., Ojha, P. T., Adam, J. and Harrison, M. T., Dramatic carbon and oxygen isotopic shift in paleosols from Nepal and late Miocene environmental change across the northern Indian sub-continent. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1995, 107, 1381-1397.
24. Thomas, J. V., Parkash, B., Mohindra, R., Bhattacharya, S. K. and Jani, R. A., Syndepositional tectonics and paleoclimatic implications of paleosols of the Plio-Pleistocene Siwalik Group, Haripur-Kolar section, Himachal Pradesh, India. Himalayan Geol., 2005, 26, 327-345.
25. Birkeland, P. W., Soils and Geomorphology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1984.
26. Mack, G. H., Cole, D. R. and Trevino, L., The distribution and discrimination of shallow, authigenic carbonate in the Pliocene-Pleistocene Palomas Basin, southern Rio Grande rift. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 2000, 112, 643-656.
27. Wright, V. P. and Tucker, M. E., Calcretes, International Association of Sedimentologists Reprint Series, Blackwel, Scientific, Oxford, 1991.
28. Pal, D. K., Dasog, G. S., Vadivelu, S., Ahuja, R. L. and Bhattacharya, T., Secondary calcium carbonate in soils of arid and semiarid regions of India. In Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates (eds Lal, R. et al.), Lewis, USA, 2000, pp. 149-185.
29. Retallack, G. J., Field recognition of palaeosols. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Publ., 1988, 216, 1-20.
30. Sehgal, J. L. and Stoops, G., Pedogenic calcite accumulation in arid and semi-arid regions of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain of Erstwhile Punjab (India) - their morphology and origin. Geoderma, 1972, 8, 59-72.
31. Andrews, J. E., Singhvi, A. K., Kailath, A. J., Kuhn, R., Dennis, P. F., Tandon, S. K. and Dhir, R. P., Do stable isotope data from calcrete record late Pleistocene monsoonal climate variation in the Thar desert of India. Quaternary Res., 1998, 50, 240-251.
32. Singh, S., Parkash, B. and Awasthi, A. K., Origin of red colour of Lower Siwalik palaeosols: A micromorphological approach. J. Mt. Sci., 2009, 6, 147-154.
33. Cerling, T. E., The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1984, 71, 229-240.
34. Cerling, T. E., Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: evidence from Cenozoic and Mesozoic paleosols. Am. J. Sci., 1991, 291, 377-400.
35. Driese, S. G. and Mora, C. I., Physico-chemical environment of pedogenic carbonate formation in Devonian vertic palaeosols, central Appalachians, USA. Sedimentology, 1993, 40, 199-216.
36. Morrill, C. and Koch, P. L., Elevation or alteration? Evaluation of isotopic constraints on paleoaltitudes surrounding the Eocene Green River Basin. Geology, 2002, 30, 151-154.
37. Garzione, C. N., Dettman, D. L. and Horton, B. K., Carbonate oxygen isotope paleoaltimetry: evaluating the effect of diagenesis on paleoelevation estimates for the Tibetan plateau. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 2004, 212, 119-140.
38. Banner, J. L. and Hanson, G. N., Calculation of simultaneous isotopic and trace-element variations during rock-water interaction with applications to carbonate diagenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1990, 54, 3123-3137.
39. Cerling, T. E., Quade, J., Wang, Y. and Bowman, J. R., Carbon isotopes in soils and palaeosols as ecology and paleoecology indicators. Nature, 1989, 341, 138-139.
40. Rao, R. A., Magentic polarity stratigraphy of the Upper Siwalik of northwestern Himalayan foothills. Curr. Sci., 1993, 64, 863-872.
41. Smith, B. N. and Epstein, S., Two categories of 13C/12C ratios for higher plants. Plant Physiol., 1971, 47, 380-384.
42. 12C ratio changes in crassulacean acid metabolism. Plant Physiol., 1973, 52, 427-430.
43. Retallack, G. J., Soils and global change in the carbon cycle over geological time. Treatise Geochem., 2003, 5, 581-603.
44. Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F. and Curtis, H., Biology of Plants, Worth Publishers, New York, 1981, pp. 106-112.
45. Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, C. W., Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA, 1985, pp. 197-225.
46. O'Leary, M. H., Biochemical basis of carbon isotope fractionation. In Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon-Water Relations (eds Ehleringer, J. R., Hall, A. E. and Farquhar, G. D.), Academic Press, 1993, pp. 19-28.
47. 2 and groundwater: carbon isotope composition. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Radiocarbon Dating, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, 1972, pp. H16-H28.
48. 4 grass expansion across sub-Saharan Africa. J. Hum. Evol., 2007, 53, 549-559.
49. 4 grasses. Science, 1999, 285, 876-879.
50. Cerling, T. E. et al., Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature, 1997, 389, 153-157.
51. Dasarathi, N., A note on certain geological aspects of Tawi Valley Tertiaries. Kashmir Sci., 1968, 5, 222-232.
52. 4 grasses and global change in the late Miocene: stable isotope evidence from the Americas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1997, 146, 83-96.
53. Dey, B. K., Mitra, D. S., Agarwal, R. P., Dotiwala, S. F. and Prasad, D. N., Spectral mapping of Siwalik sediments of a part of Jammu foothills. J. Geol. Soc. India, 1994, 44, 193-202.