Late miocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the expansion of C4 grasses

Science

Volumn 285, Issue 5429, 1999, Pages 876-879

  Pagani, Mark ^a   Freeman, Katherine H ^a   Arthur, Michael A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE; METHANE; MIOCENE;

AIR QUALITY; ARTICLE; CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENT; CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GRASS; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION;

POACEAE;

EID: 0033529527     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5429.876     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. K. G. Miller, J. D. Wright, R. G. Fairbanks, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 6839 (1991); J. D. Wright, K. G. Miller, R. G. Fairbanks, Paleoceanography 7, 357 (1992).
2. K. G. Miller, J. D. Wright, R. G. Fairbanks, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 6839 (1991); J. D. Wright, K. G. Miller, R. G. Fairbanks, Paleoceanography 7, 357 (1992).
3. R. Thunell and P. Belyea, Micropaleontology 28, 381 (1982).
4. K. Wei and J. P. Kennett, Paleoceanography 1, 67 (1985).
5. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present, E. T. Sundquist and W. S. Broecker, Eds. (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1985), pp. 357-373.
6. B. U. Haq, J. Hardenbol, P. R. Vail, Science 235, 1156 (1987); K. G. Miller and P. J. Sugarman, Geology 23, 747 (1995).
7. B. U. Haq, J. Hardenbol, P. R. Vail, Science 235, 1156 (1987); K. G. Miller and P. J. Sugarman, Geology 23, 747 (1995).
8. F. Woodruff and S. M. Savin, Paleoceanography 4, 87 (1989).
9. T. E. Cerlirg et al., Nature 389, 153 (1997).
10. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present, E. T. Sundquist and W. S. Broecker, Eds. (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1985), pp. 455-468.
11. M. E. Raymo, Paleoceanography 9, 399 (1994).
12. J. D. Wright and K. G. Miller, ibid. 11, 157 (1996).
13. N. J. Shackleton and J. P. Kennett, Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drilling Proj. 29, 743 (1975).
14. M. D. Hatch, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 895, 81 (1987).
15. 2 by Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism, N. E. Tolbert and J. Preiss, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press. Oxford, 1994), pp. 159-175.
16. R. W. Pearcy and J. Ehleringer, Plant Cell Environ. 7, 1 (1984).
17. J. A. Teeri, in Topics in Plant Population Biology, O. T. Solbrig, S. Jain, A. B. Johnson, P. H. Raven, Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1979), pp. 357-374.
18. M. Pagani, M. A. Arthur, K. H. Freeman, Paleoceanography 14, 273 (1999).
19. R. R. Bidigare et al., Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 279 (1997); R. R. Bidigare et al., ibid. 13, 251 (1999).
20. R. R. Bidigare et al., Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 279 (1997); R. R. Bidigare et al., ibid. 13, 251 (1999).
21. B. N. Popp et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 69 (1998).
22. M. H. Conte, J. K. Volkman, G. Eglinton, in The Haptophyte Algae, J. C. Green and B. S. C. Leadbeater, Eds. (Clarendon, Oxford, 1994), pp. 351-377.
23. J. P. Jasper and J. M. Hayes, Nature 347, 462 (1990); J. P. Jasper, A. C. Mix, F. G. Prahl, J. M. Hayes, Paleoceanography 6, 781 (1994).
24. J. P. Jasper and J. M. Hayes, Nature 347, 462 (1990); J. P. Jasper, A. C. Mix, F. G. Prahl, J. M. Hayes, Paleoceanography 6, 781 (1994).
25. M. Pagani, thesis, Pennsylvania State University, State College (1998).
26. M. Pagani, K. H. Freeman, M. A. Arthur, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, in press.
27. C. E. Barton and J. Bloemendal, Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj. 90, 1273 (1986); S. C. Cande and D. V. Kent, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 13917 (1992).
28. C. E. Barton and J. Bloemendal, Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj. 90, 1273 (1986); S. C. Cande and D. V. Kent, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 13917 (1992).
29. J. van der Burg, H. Visscher, D. L. Dilcher, W. M. Kürschner, Science 260, 1788 (1993); W. M. Kürschner, J. van der Burgh, H. Visscher, D. L. Dilcher, Mar. Micropaleontol. 27, 299 (1996).
30. J. van der Burg, H. Visscher, D. L. Dilcher, W. M. Kürschner, Science 260, 1788 (1993); W. M. Kürschner, J. van der Burgh, H. Visscher, D. L. Dilcher, Mar. Micropaleontol. 27, 299 (1996).
31. 4 Plant Biology, R. F. Sage and R. K. Monson, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1999), pp. 411-444.
32. H. P. Linder, Kew Bull. 42, 297 (1986); W. L. Crepet and G. D. Feldman, Am. J. Bot. 78, 1010 (1991).
33. H. P. Linder, Kew Bull. 42, 297 (1986); W. L. Crepet and G. D. Feldman, Am. J. Bot. 78, 1010 (1991).
34. M. M. M. Kuypers, R. D. Pancost, J. S. Sinninghe Damastè, Nature 399, 342 (1999).
35. J. D. Kingston, B. D. Marino, A. Hill, Science 264, 955 (1994); M. E. Morgan, J. D. Kingston, B. D. Marino, Nature 367, 162 (1994).
36. J. D. Kingston, B. D. Marino, A. Hill, Science 264, 955 (1994); M. E. Morgan, J. D. Kingston, B. D. Marino, Nature 367, 162 (1994).
37. plant-en of 14 and 13 per mil, respectively.
38. T. E. Cerling, Y. Wang, J. Quade, Nature 361, 344 (1993).
39. J. Quade, T. E. Cerling, J. R. Bowman, ibid. 342, 163 (1989).
40. C. Latorre, J. Quade, W. C. McIntosh, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 146, 83 (1997).
41. Y. Wang, T. E. Cerling, B. J. MacFadden, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 107, 269 (1994).
42. B. J. MacFadden, Y. Wang, T. E. Cerling, F. Anaya, ibid., p. 257.
43. C. France-Lanord and L. A. Derry, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4809 (1994).
44. M. E. Patzkowsky, Paleobiology 21, 440 (1995).
45. P. W. Hattersley, Oecologia 57, 113 (1983); in Desertified Grasslands: Their Biology and Management, G. P. Chapman, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1992), pp. 181-212.
46. P. W. Hattersley, Oecologia 57, 113 (1983); in Desertified Grasslands: Their Biology and Management, G. P. Chapman, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1992), pp. 181-212.
47. R. L. Bernor et al., in The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann, Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1996), pp. 449-469; S. D. Webb, R. C. Hulbert, W. D. Lambert, in Paleoclimate and Evolution, E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, L. H. Burckle, Eds. (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1995), pp. 91-108; D. I. Axelrod, Bot. Rev. 51, 163 (1985); E. M. Van Zinderen and J. H. Mercer, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 56, 217 (1986); L. J. Flynn and L. L. Jacobs, ibid. 38, 129 (1982).
48. R. L. Bernor et al., in The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann, Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1996), pp. 449-469; S. D. Webb, R. C. Hulbert, W. D. Lambert, in Paleoclimate and Evolution, E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, L. H. Burckle, Eds. (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1995), pp. 91-108; D. I. Axelrod, Bot. Rev. 51, 163 (1985); E. M. Van Zinderen and J. H. Mercer, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 56, 217 (1986); L. J. Flynn and L. L. Jacobs, ibid. 38, 129 (1982).
49. R. L. Bernor et al., in The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann, Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1996), pp. 449-469; S. D. Webb, R. C. Hulbert, W. D. Lambert, in Paleoclimate and Evolution, E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, L. H. Burckle, Eds. (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1995), pp. 91-108; D. I. Axelrod, Bot. Rev. 51, 163 (1985); E. M. Van Zinderen and J. H. Mercer, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 56, 217 (1986); L. J. Flynn and L. L. Jacobs, ibid. 38, 129 (1982).
50. R. L. Bernor et al., in The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann, Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1996), pp. 449-469; S. D. Webb, R. C. Hulbert, W. D. Lambert, in Paleoclimate and Evolution, E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, L. H. Burckle, Eds. (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1995), pp. 91-108; D. I. Axelrod, Bot. Rev. 51, 163 (1985); E. M. Van Zinderen and J. H. Mercer, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 56, 217 (1986); L. J. Flynn and L. L. Jacobs, ibid. 38, 129 (1982).
51. R. L. Bernor et al., in The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann, Eds. (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1996), pp. 449-469; S. D. Webb, R. C. Hulbert, W. D. Lambert, in Paleoclimate and Evolution, E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, L. H. Burckle, Eds. (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1995), pp. 91-108; D. I. Axelrod, Bot. Rev. 51, 163 (1985); E. M. Van Zinderen and J. H. Mercer, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 56, 217 (1986); L. J. Flynn and L. L. Jacobs, ibid. 38, 129 (1982).
52. T. E. Cerling and J. Quade, Chem. Geol. 84, 164 (1990); J. Quade, N. Solounias, T. E. Cerling, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 108, 41 (1994).
53. T. E. Cerling and J. Quade, Chem. Geol. 84, 164 (1990); J. Quade, N. Solounias, T. E. Cerling, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 108, 41 (1994).
54. D. K. Rea, H. Snoeckx, L. H. Joseph, Paleoceanography 13, 215 (1998).
55. D. K. Rea, Rev. Geophys. 32, 159 (1994).
56. G. J. Retallack, Palaios 12, 380 (1997).
57. W. F. Ruddiman, W. L. Prell, M. E. Raymo, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 18409 (1989); W. F. Ruddiman, J. E. Kutzbach, I. C. Prentice, in Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change, W. F. Ruddiman, Ed. (Plenum Press, New York, 1997), pp. 204-235.
58. W. F. Ruddiman, W. L. Prell, M. E. Raymo, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 18409 (1989); W. F. Ruddiman, J. E. Kutzbach, I. C. Prentice, in Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change, W. F. Ruddiman, Ed. (Plenum Press, New York, 1997), pp. 204-235.
59. D. A. Hodell and F. Woodruff, Paleoceanography 9, 405 (1994).
60. D. K. Rea, in Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean (American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1992), pp. 387-402.
61. T. A. Davies, W. W. Hayes, J. R. Southam, T. R. Worsley, Science 197, 53 (1977).
62. A. Shemesh, R. A. Mortlock, P. N. Froelich, Paleoceanography 4, 221 (1989).
63. G. M. Filippeli and M. L. Delaney, ibid. 9, 643 (1994).
64. P. Deines, in Handbook of environmental Isotope Geochemistry, P. Fritz and J. Fontes, Eds. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980), pp. 329-345.
65. J. A. Lee-Thorp, J. C. Sealy, N. J. van der Merwe, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 585 (1989); P. L. Koch, A. K. Behrensmeyer, M. L. Fogel, Annu. Rep. Dir. Geophys. Lab. Carnegie Inst. Washington 1990-1991, 163 (1990- 1991).
66. J. A. Lee-Thorp, J. C. Sealy, N. J. van der Merwe, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 585 (1989); P. L. Koch, A. K. Behrensmeyer, M. L. Fogel, Annu. Rep. Dir. Geophys. Lab. Carnegie Inst. Washington 1990-1991, 163 (1990-1991).
67. G. Mook, J. C. Bommerson, W. H. Staberman, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 22, 169 (1974); C. S. Romanek, E. L. Grossman, J. W. Morse, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 419 (1992).
68. G. Mook, J. C. Bommerson, W. H. Staberman, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 22, 169 (1974); C. S. Romanek, E. L. Grossman, J. W. Morse, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 419 (1992).
69. J. Erez and B. Luz, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 1025 (1983).
70. 160 abundance ratio and subscripts sa and std represent the sample and SMOW standard, respectively.
71. B. N. Popp, F. Kenig, S. G. Wakeham, E. A. Laws, R. R. Bidigare, Paleoceanography 13, 35 (1998).
72. B. N. Popp et al., in Reconstructing Ocean History: A Window into the Future, F. Abrantes and A. Mix, Eds. (Plenum, New York, in press).
73. F. Weiss, Mar. Chem. 2, 203 (1974).
74. 4] geometric mean regression (representing the 95% confidence interval).
75. Samples for this project were provided by the DSDP/Ocean Drilling Program. This research was funded by grants from NSF and Joint Oceanographic Institutions/U.S. Science Advisory Committee. We would like to thank D. Walizer and G. Montemurro for their invaluable analytical assistance, L. Colorusso for helpful discussions, and P. Koch and J. Eigenbrode for their constructive comments and suggestions.