Social Heterogeneity and Community Forestry Processes: Reflections from Forest Users of Dhading District, Nepal

Small-scale Forestry

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 97-113

  Pandit, Ram ^a   Bevilacqua, Eddie ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Benefit sharing; Forest user groups; Institutional development; Social groups; Users' participation

Indexed keywords

FOREST MANAGEMENT; FOREST RESOURCE; FORESTRY POLICY; FORESTRY PRACTICE; IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS; INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT;

NEPAL;

EID: 79651469839     PISSN: 18737617     EISSN: 18737854     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11842-010-9136-9     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Acharya KP (2002) Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal. Int For Rev 4(2): 149-156.
2. Adhikari B (2005) Poverty, property rights and collective action: understanding the distributive aspects of common property resource management. Environ Dev Econ 10(1): 7-31.
3. Adhikari B, Lovett JC (2006) Institutions and collective action: does heterogeneity matter in community-based resource management? J Dev Stud 42(3): 426-445.
4. Adhikari S, Shrestha S (1999) Organizational assessment of forest user groups: a case study of 50 FUGs in 6 VDC's of NRMP working area. Dhading Resource Management Project, Gajuri.
5. Adhikari B, Di Falco S, Lovett JC (2004) Household characteristics and forest dependency: evidence from common property forest management in Nepal. Ecol Econ 48(2): 245-257.
6. Agarwal B (2001) Participatory exclusions, community forestry, and gender: an analysis for South Asia and a conceptual framework. World Dev 29(10): 1623-1648.
7. Agarwal B (2009a) Does women's proportional strength affect their participation? Governing local forests in South Asia. World Dev 38(1): 98-112.
8. Agarwal B (2009b) Rule making in community forestry institutions: the difference women make. Ecol Econ 68(8-9): 2296-2308.
9. Agarwal A, Gibson CC (1999) Enchantment and disenchantment: the role of community in natural resource conservation. World Dev 27(4): 629-649.
10. Agrawal A, Ostrom E (2001) Collective action, property rights, and decentralization in resource use in India and Nepal. Polit Soc 29(4): 485-514.
11. Babbie ER (1990) Survey research methods. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont.
12. Baidya BG, Tuladhar SM, Shrestha ML, Gautam M, Poudyal BR (2001) Community forestry and population issues in Nepal. In: Castro AP (ed) Incorporating population dynamics into community forestry: results and lessons from five case studies. FAO, Rome, pp 54-62.
13. Bartlett AG (1992) A review of community forestry advances in Nepal. Commonw For Rev 71(2): 95-100.
14. Bowles S, Gintis H (2002) Social capital and community governance. Econ J 112(483): 419-436.
15. Boyce JK, Klemer AR, Templet PH, Willis CE (1999) Power distribution, the environment, and public health: a state-level analysis. Ecol Econ 29(1): 127-140.
16. Cleaver F (2000) Moral ecological rationality, institutions and the management of common property resources. Dev Change 31(2): 361-383.
17. Cleaver F (2002) Reinventing institutions: bricolage and the social embeddedness of natural resource management. Eur J Dev Res 14(2): 11-30.
18. Cleaver F (2005) The inequality of social capital and the reproduction of chronic poverty. World Dev 33(6): 893-906.
19. DFO (2002) Annual progress report. District Forest Office (DFO), Dhadingbesi.
20. DoF (2009) Community forestry national database: MIS database. Department of Forests, Community Forest Division, Kathmandu.
21. Eckholm E (1975) The deterioration of mountain environments: ecological stress in the highlands of Asia, Latin America, and Africa takes a mounting social toll. Science 189(4205): 764-770.
22. Gautam KH (2006) Forestry, politicians and power-perspectives from Nepal's forest policy. For Pol Econ 8(2): 175-182.
23. Gautam AP, Webb EL, Shivakoti GP (2002) Local participants' perception about socio-economic and environmental impacts of community forestry in the Middle Hills of Nepal. Asia-Pacific J Rural Dev 12(2): 60-81.
24. Gautam AP, Shivakoti GP, Webb EL (2004a) Forest cover change, physiography, local economy, and institutions in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Environ Manage 33(1): 48-61.
25. Gautam AP, Shivakoti GP, Webb EL (2004b) A review of forest policies, institutions, and changes in the resource condition in Nepal. Int For Rev 6(2): 136-148.
26. Gilmour DA, Applegate GB (1985) Community forestry as an option for containing environmental degradation-a case study from Nepal. In: Symposium on effects of forest land use on erosion and slope stability. Honolulu, pp 41-46.
27. Hardin G (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science 162(1968): 1243-1248.
28. Hausler S (1993) Community forestry: a critical assessment. The case of Nepal. Ecologist 23(3): 84-90.
29. HMG/ADB/FINNIDA (1988) Master plan for the forestry sector Nepal: main report Kathmandu.
30. Iversen V, Chhetry B, Francis P, Gurung M, Kafle G, Pain A, Seeley J (2006) High value forests, hidden economies and elite capture: evidence from forest user groups in Nepal's Terai. Ecol Econ 58(1): 93-107.
31. Ives JD (1988) Development in the face of uncertainty. In: Ives JD, Pitt DC (eds) Deforestation: social dynamics in watersheds and mountain ecosystems. New York, Routledge, pp 54-74.
32. Kant S (2000) A dynamic approach to forest regimes in developing economies. Ecol Econ 32(2): 287-300.
33. Leach M (1992) Gender and the environment: traps and opportunities. Dev Practice 2(1): 12-22.
34. Mahat TBS, Griffin DM, Shepherd KR (1986) Human impact on some forests of the middle hills of Nepal. 1. Forestry in the context of the traditional resources of the state. Mount Res Dev 6(3): 223-232.
35. Malla YB (2000) Impact of community forestry policy on rural livelihoods and food security in Nepal. Unasylva 51(202): 37-45.
36. Malla YB (2001) Changing policies and the persistence of patron-client relations in Nepal: stakeholders' responses to changes in forest policies. Environ History 6(2): 287-307.
37. McCay BJ, Acheson JM (1987) Human ecology of the commons. In: McCay BJ, Acheson JM (eds) The question of the commons: the culture and ecology of communal resources. The University of Arizona Press, Tuscon, pp 1-34.
38. MLD (1994) Dhading integrated rural development project. Ministry of Local Development, Kathmandu.
39. Naidu SC (2009) Heterogeneity and collective management: evidence from common forests in Himachal Pradesh, India. World Dev 37(3): 676-686.
40. Neupane H (2003) Contested impact of community forestry on equity: some evidence from Nepal. J For Livelihood 2(2): 55-61.
41. Nightingale A (2003) Nature-society and development: social, cultural and ecological change in Nepal. Geoforum 34(4): 525-540.
42. NPC (2001) Population census (final results). National Planning Commission (NPC), Kathmandu.
43. Ojha H, Timsina N, Khanal D (2007) How are forest policy decisions made in Nepal. J For Livelihood 6(1): 1-17.
44. Ojha HR, Cameron J, Kumar C (2009) Deliberation or symbolic violence? The governance of community forestry in Nepal. For Pol Econ 11(5-6): 365-374.
45. Olson M (1971) The logic of collective action: public goods and the theory of groups. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
46. Ostrom E (1990) Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
47. Pandit R, Bevilacqua E (2007) Community forestry processes, impacts, and issues: analysis of forest users from Dhading district, Nepal. In: Laband DN (ed) Emerging Issues along urban/rural Interfaces 2: linking land-use science and society. Center for Forest Sustainability, Auburn University, Atlanta, pp 251-255.
48. Pratto F, Stallworth LM, Conway-Lanz S (1998) Social dominance orientation and the legitimization of policy. J Appl Soc Psychol 28(20): 1853-1875.
49. Regmi MC (1971) A study of Nepali economic history: 1768-1846. Manjusri, New Delhi.
50. Sands R (2005) Forestry in a global context. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.
51. Sidanius J, Pratto F (1999) Social dominance: an intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge University Press, New York.
52. Spector PE (1992) Summated rating scale construction: an introduction. SAGE, Newbury Park.
53. Springate-Baginski O, Blaikie P, Dev OP, Yadav NP, Soussan J (2002) Community forestry in Nepal: a policy review. Stockholm Environment Institute, York.
54. Thoms CA (2008) Community control of resources and the challenge of improving local livelihoods: a critical examination of community forestry in Nepal. Geoforum 39(3): 1452-1465.
55. Timsina NP (2003) Promoting social justice and conserving montane forest environments: a case study of Nepal's community forestry programme. Geogr J 169(3): 236-242.
56. Upreti B (2001) Beyond rhetorical success: advancing the potential for the community forestry programme in Nepal to address equity concerns. In: Wollenberg E, Edmunds D, Buck L, Fox J, Brodt S (eds) Social learning in community forests. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, pp 189-209.
57. Varughese G, Ostrom E (2001) The contested role of heterogeneity in collective action: Some evidence from community forestry in Nepal. World Dev 29(5): 747-765.
58. WB (1978) Forestry sector policy paper. World Bank, Washington DC.