Selection, availability, and opportunity: The conditional effect of poverty on terrorist group participation

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 106-132

  Kavanagh, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

and terrorism; counterterrorism; education; opportunity costs; poverty; quality of terrorism

Indexed keywords

EID: 79551515794     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002710374713     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Angrist, Joshua. 1995. The economic returns to schooling in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. American Economic Review 85 (5):1065-87.
2. Atran, Scott. 2006. The moral logic and growth of suicide terrorism. Washington Quarterly 29 (2):127-47.
3. Benmelech, Efraim, and Claude Berrebi. 2007. Human capital and productivity of suicide bombers. Journal of Economic Perspectives 21 (3):223-38.
4. Berman, Eli, and Laitin D. 2006. Hard targets: Theory and evidence on suicide attacks. CISAC working paper. http://dss.ucsd.edu/~elib/Hardtargets.pdf (accessed 6/10/2010).
5. Berrebi, Claude. 2007. Evidence about the link between education, poverty and terrorism among Palestinians. Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy 13(1): 1-36.
6. Blomberg, S. Brock, and Gregory Hess. 2008a. From (no) butter to guns?: Understanding the economic role in transnational terrorism. In Terrorism, economic development, and political openness, ed. Keefer Philip and Norman Loayza, 83-115. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Blomberg, S. Brock, and Gregory Hess. 2008b. The Lexus and the olive branch: Globalization, democratization, and terrorism. In Terrorism, economic development, and political openness, ed. Keefer Philip and Norman Loayza, 116-47. New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Blomberg, S. Brock, Gregory Hess, and Akila Weerapana. 2004. An economic model of terrorism. Conflict Management and Peace Science 21 (1):17-28.
9. Brambor, Thomas, William Clark, and Matt Golder. 2006. Understanding interaction models: Improving empirical analyses. Political Analysis 14 (1):63-82.
10. Brym, Robert, and Bader Araj. 2006. Suicide bombing as strategy and interaction: The case of the Second Intifada. Social Forces 84 (4):1969-86.
11. Bueno de Mesquita, Ethan. 2005. Quality of terror. American Journal of Political Science 49 (3):515-30.
12. Burgoon, Brian. 2006. On welfare and terror: Social welfare policies and political-economic roots of terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (2):176-203.
13. Crenshaw, Martha. 2001. Counterterrorism and the political process. Journal of Conflict Resolution 24 (5):329-37.
14. Eken, Sena, Paul Cashin, S. Nuri Erbas, Jose Martelinao, and Adana Mazarei. 1995. Economic Dislocation and Recovery in Lebanon. Occasional paper 20, Washington, DC. International Monetary Fund.
15. Enders, Walter, and Todd Sandler. 2000. Is transnational terrorism becoming more threatening?: A time series investigation. Journal of Conflict Resolution 44 (3):307-32.
16. Enders, Walter, and Todd Sandler. 2006. Distribution of transnational terrorism among countries by income class and geography after 9/11. International Studies Quarterly 50 (20): 367-93.
17. Gujarati, Damodar. 2004. Basic Econometrics, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
18. Hassan, Nasra. 2001. Talking to human bombs. New Yorker 77 (36):36-42.
19. Homer-Dixon, Thomas. 2002. The rise of complex terrorism. Foreign Policy 128:52-63.
20. Honaker, James. 2008. Unemployment and violence in Northern Ireland: A missing data model for ecological inference. UCLA working paper. http://tercer.bol.ucla.edu/papers/ni.pdf (accessed 6/8/ 2010).
21. Hudson, Rex. 1999. The sociology and psychology of terrorism: Who becomes a terrorist and why? Washington, DC: Federal Research Division.
22. Knudsen, Are. 2005. Precarious peacebuilding: Post-war Lebanon, 1990-2005. CMI working paper, Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen.
23. Krueger, Alan. 2007. What makes a terrorist?: Economics and the roots of terrorism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
24. Krueger, Alan, and Laitin D. 2008. Kto kogo?: A cross country study of the origins and targets of terrorism. In Terrorism, economic development, and political openness, ed. Keefer Philip and Norman Loayza, 148-73. New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Krueger, Alan, and Maleckova J. 2003. Education, poverty, and terrorism: Is there is a causal connection? Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (4):119-44.
26. Lichbach, Mark Irving. 1987. Deterrence or escalation: The puzzle of aggregate studies of repression and dissent. Journal of Conflict Resolution 31 (2):266-97.
27. Manski, Charles, and Steven Lerner. 1977. The estimation of choice probabilities from choice base samples. Econometrica 45 (8):1977-88.
28. Norton, Augustus Robert. 2009. Hezbollah: A short history. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
29. Sageman, Marc. 2004. Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
30. Sprinzak, Ehud. 1990. The psychopolitical formation of extreme left terrorism. In Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind, ed. Reich Walter and Walter Laqueur, 65-85. Princeton: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
31. White, Robert. 1989. From peaceful protest to guerrilla war: Micromobilization of the Provisional Irish Republican Army. American Journal of Sociology 94 (6):1277-302.
32. White, Robert. 1993. On measuring political violence: Northern Ireland 1969 to 1980. American Sociological Review 58:575-85.