메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 508-521

Morbidly obese parturient: Challenges for the anaesthesiologist, including managing the diffifi cult airway in obstetrics. What is new?

Author keywords

Adipocyte; Complications; Difficult airway; Morbidly obese; Parturient; Regional; Team work

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTE; AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANESTHESIST; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CESAREAN SECTION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMORBIDITY; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; EPIDURAL SPACE; FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INDIA; INTUBATION; LARYNGEAL MASK; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; LUNG MINUTE VOLUME; MACROSOMIA; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MORBID OBESITY; OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA; OBSTETRICS; OXYGENATION; POSITION; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREVALENCE; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; RESPIRATORY TRACT INTUBATION; REVIEW; SPINAL ANESTHESIA; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TRACHEOSTOMY; TRACHEOTOMY;

EID: 79251480782     PISSN: 00195049     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.72639     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 84875554758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIO Foundation, Available from:, [last cited on 2009 Dec 26]
    • CIO Foundation. General Overweight and Obesity Statistics. Available from: http://www.ciofoundation.org/overweight.html. [last cited on 2009 Dec 26].
    • General Overweight and Obesity Statistics
  • 2
    • 79251529384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An effective solution to the obesity epidemic
    • Sellmann S. An effective solution to the obesity epidemic Nexus Mag 2010;17:4.
    • (2010) Nexus Mag , vol.17 , pp. 4
    • Sellmann, S.1
  • 3
    • 23944462904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACOC Committee Opinion number 315, Obesity in pregnancy
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOC Committee Opinion number 315, Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106:671-5.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.106 , pp. 671-675
  • 5
    • 33645523067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevelance of overweight and obesity in united states 1999-2004
    • Ogden CL, Cerrol MD. Prevelance of overweight and obesity in united states 1999-2004 JAMA 2006;295:1549-55.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1549-1555
    • Ogden, C.L.1    Cerrol, M.D.2
  • 6
    • 77951546969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Obstetric Surveillance System. Extreme obesity in pregnancy in the United Kingdom
    • Knight M, Kurinczuk JJ, Spark P, Brocklehurst P; UK Obstetric Surveillance System. Extreme obesity in pregnancy in the United Kingdom. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:989-97.
    • (2010) Obstet Gynecol , vol.115 , pp. 989-997
    • Knight, M.1    Kurinczuk, J.J.2    Spark, P.3    Brocklehurst, P.4
  • 7
    • 77449121707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • India facing obesity epidemic: Experts
    • India facing obesity epidemic: experts. The Hindu, 2007. p. 10-2.
    • (2007) The Hindu , pp. 10-12
  • 8
    • 79251512164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity in working premenopausal and postmenopausal women of Jalandhar district, Punjab
    • Khokhar KK, Kaur G, Sidhu S. Prevalence of obesity in working premenopausal and postmenopausal women of Jalandhar district, Punjab. J Hum Ecol 2010;29:57-62.
    • (2010) J Hum Ecol , vol.29 , pp. 57-62
    • Khokhar, K.K.1    Kaur, G.2    Sidhu, S.3
  • 9
    • 33645696268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of high rates of overweight and obesity among adult Marwaris of Howrah, West Bengal, India
    • Das M, Bose K. Presence of high rates of overweight and obesity among adult Marwaris of Howrah, West Bengal, India. Coll Antropol 2006;30:81-6.
    • (2006) Coll Antropol , vol.30 , pp. 81-86
    • Das, M.1    Bose, K.2
  • 10
    • 14144253948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of multiple coronary risk factors in Punjabi Bhatia community: Jaipur Heart Watch-3
    • Gupta R, Sarna M, Thanvi J, Rastogi P, Kaul V, Gupta VP. High prevalence of multiple coronary risk factors in Punjabi Bhatia community: Jaipur Heart Watch-3. Indian Heart J 2004;56:646-52.
    • (2004) Indian Heart J , vol.56 , pp. 646-652
    • Gupta, R.1    Sarna, M.2    Thanvi, J.3    Rastogi, P.4    Kaul, V.5    Gupta, V.P.6
  • 11
    • 78049419914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trend in women's health in India - what has been achieved and what can be done
    • Saha UC, Saha KB. A trend in women's health in India - what has been achieved and what can be done. Rural Remote Health 2010;10:1260.
    • (2010) Rural Remote Health , vol.10 , pp. 1260
    • Saha, U.C.1    Saha, K.B.2
  • 12
    • 79251511392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR), Jabalpur, MP, India. Available from:, [last submitted on 2009 Jun 25]
    • Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR), Jabalpur, MP, India. Available from: http://www.rmrct.org. [last submitted on 2009 Jun 25].
  • 13
    • 79251501837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Institute for Population Sciences, India National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3, 2005-6. Mumbai: IIPS
    • International Institute for Population Sciences. National Fact Sheet. India National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3, 2005-6. Mumbai: IIPS; 2006.
    • (2006) National Fact Sheet
  • 14
    • 79251485835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third National Family Health Survey. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. Available from:, [last cited on 2005-2006]
    • Third National Family Health Survey. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. Available from: http://www.nfhsindia.org/nfhs3_national_report.html [last cited on 2005-2006].
  • 18
    • 0023767508 scopus 로고
    • Overweight and pregnancy complications
    • Abrams BF, Laros RK. Overweight and pregnancy complications. Int J Obes 1988;12:293-303.
    • (1988) Int J Obes , vol.12 , pp. 293-303
    • Abrams, B.F.1    Laros, R.K.2
  • 20
    • 38449108453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia chapter from Saving mothers' lives; reviewing maternal deaths to make pregnancy safer
    • Cooper GM, McClure JH. Anaesthesia chapter from Saving mothers' lives; reviewing maternal deaths to make pregnancy safer. Br J Anaesth 2008;100:17-22.
    • (2008) Br J Anaesth , vol.100 , pp. 17-22
    • Cooper, G.M.1    McClure, J.H.2
  • 21
    • 1442305215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal morbid obesity and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome
    • Cedergren MI. Maternal morbid obesity and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:219-24.
    • (2004) Obstet Gynecol , vol.103 , pp. 219-224
    • Cedergren, M.I.1
  • 23
    • 4644278595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of obesity and diabetes on the prevalence of macrosomia
    • Ehrenberg HM, Mercer BM, Catalano PM. The influence of obesity and diabetes on the prevalence of macrosomia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:964-8.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.191 , pp. 964-968
    • Ehrenberg, H.M.1    Mercer, B.M.2    Catalano, P.M.3
  • 24
    • 0029865130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: Effects of gestational weight change
    • Edwards LE, Hellerstedt WL, Alton IR, Story M, Himes JH. Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: effects of gestational weight change. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:389-94.
    • (1996) Obstet Gynecol , vol.87 , pp. 389-394
    • Edwards, L.E.1    Hellerstedt, W.L.2    Alton, I.R.3    Story, M.4    Himes, J.H.5
  • 25
    • 15944397421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy, labour and after vaginal delivery
    • Nelson-Piercy C. Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy, labour and after vaginal delivery. RCOG Guideline No. 37, 2004.
    • (2004) RCOG Guideline , Issue.37
    • Nelson-Piercy, C.1
  • 26
    • 54849434256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The confidential enquiry into maternal and child health (CEMACH), The Seventh Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. London: CEMACH
    • Lewis G. The confidential enquiry into maternal and child health (CEMACH). Saving mothers' lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003-2005. The Seventh Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. London: CEMACH; 2007.
    • (2007) Saving mothers' lives: Reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003-2005
    • Lewis, G.1
  • 27
    • 0020769860 scopus 로고
    • Operative considerations in the obese pregnant patient
    • Gross TL. Operative considerations in the obese pregnant patient. Clin Perinatol 1983;10:411.
    • (1983) Clin Perinatol , vol.10 , pp. 411
    • Gross, T.L.1
  • 28
    • 0038024130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaesthetic considerations for bariatric surgery. Proper positioning is important for laryngoscopy
    • Brodsky JB, Lemmens HJ, Brock-Utne JG, Saidman LJ, Levitan R. Anaesthetic considerations for bariatric surgery. Proper positioning is important for laryngoscopy. Anaesth Analg 2003;96:1841-2.
    • (2003) Anaesth Analg , vol.96 , pp. 1841-1842
    • Brodsky, J.B.1    Lemmens, H.J.2    Brock-Utne, J.G.3    Saidman, L.J.4    Levitan, R.5
  • 29
    • 0018819809 scopus 로고
    • Cesarean section associated with gross obesity
    • Hodgkinson R, Husain FJ. Cesarean section associated with gross obesity. Br J Anaesth 1980;52:919-23.
    • (1980) Br J Anaesth , vol.52 , pp. 919-923
    • Hodgkinson, R.1    Husain, F.J.2
  • 30
    • 3042697275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The horizontal lateral recumbent head-down position reduces the incidence of epidural venous puncture during catheter insertion in obese parturisnts
    • Bahar M, Chanimov M, Cohen ML, Friedland M, Shul I, Gofman V, et al. The horizontal lateral recumbent head-down position reduces the incidence of epidural venous puncture during catheter insertion in obese parturisnts. Can J Anaesth 2004;51:577-80.
    • (2004) Can J Anaesth , vol.51 , pp. 577-580
    • Bahar, M.1    Chanimov, M.2    Cohen, M.L.3    Friedland, M.4    Shul, I.5    Gofman, V.6
  • 31
    • 0028068086 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of postdural puncture headache in morbidly obese parturients
    • Faure E, Moreno R, Thisted R. Incidence of postdural puncture headache in morbidly obese parturients. Reg Anesth 1994;19:361-3.
    • (1994) Reg Anesth , vol.19 , pp. 361-363
    • Faure, E.1    Moreno, R.2    Thisted, R.3
  • 32
    • 0028952182 scopus 로고
    • Parturient's posture during epidural puncture affects the distance from skin to epidural space
    • Hamza J, Smida M, Benhamou D, Cohen SE. Parturient's posture during epidural puncture affects the distance from skin to epidural space. J Clin Anesth 1995;7:1-4.
    • (1995) J Clin Anesth , vol.7 , pp. 1-4
    • Hamza, J.1    Smida, M.2    Benhamou, D.3    Cohen, S.E.4
  • 33
    • 0031849721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography study of the lumbar (L3-4) epidural depth and its relationship to physical measurements in young adult men
    • Bahk JH, Kim JH, Lee JS, Lee SC. Computed tomography study of the lumbar (L3-4) epidural depth and its relationship to physical measurements in young adult men. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998;23:262-5.
    • (1998) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.23 , pp. 262-265
    • Bahk, J.H.1    Kim, J.H.2    Lee, J.S.3    Lee, S.C.4
  • 34
    • 0027320637 scopus 로고
    • The influence of obesity on the relationship between body mass index and the distance to the epidural space from the skin
    • Watts RW. The influence of obesity on the relationship between body mass index and the distance to the epidural space from the skin. Anaesth Intens Care 1993;21:309-10.
    • (1993) Anaesth Intens Care , vol.21 , pp. 309-310
    • Watts, R.W.1
  • 35
    • 0036203672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of patient-led identification of the midline of the lumbar spine
    • Wills JS, Bowie R, Bogod DG. A pilot study of patient-led identification of the midline of the lumbar spine. Anaesthesia 2002;57:390-4.
    • (2002) Anaesthesia , vol.57 , pp. 390-394
    • Wills, J.S.1    Bowie, R.2    Bogod, D.G.3
  • 36
    • 0018391674 scopus 로고
    • Continuous epidural analgesia for cesarean section in a patient with morbid obesity
    • Maitra AM, Palmer SK, Bachhuber SR, Abram SE. Continuous epidural analgesia for cesarean section in a patient with morbid obesity. Anesth Analg 1979;58:348-9.
    • (1979) Anesth Analg , vol.58 , pp. 348-349
    • Maitra, A.M.1    Palmer, S.K.2    Bachhuber, S.R.3    Abram, S.E.4
  • 39
    • 0036599839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sliding of the skin over subcutaneous tissue is another important factor in epidural catheter migration
    • Faheem M, Sarwar N. Sliding of the skin over subcutaneous tissue is another important factor in epidural catheter migration. Can J Anesth 2002;49:634.
    • (2002) Can J Anesth , vol.49 , pp. 634
    • Faheem, M.1    Sarwar, N.2
  • 40
    • 0033052823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back skin movement also causes 'walking' epidural catheter
    • Iwama H, Katayama T. Back skin movement also causes 'walking' epidural catheter. J Clin Anesth 1999;11:140-1.
    • (1999) J Clin Anesth , vol.11 , pp. 140-141
    • Iwama, H.1    Katayama, T.2
  • 41
    • 0030907352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the position of epidural catheters associated with patient movement
    • Hamilton CL, Riley ET, Cohen SE. Changes in the position of epidural catheters associated with patient movement. Anesthesiology 1997;86:778-84.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.86 , pp. 778-784
    • Hamilton, C.L.1    Riley, E.T.2    Cohen, S.E.3
  • 42
    • 0033692983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel method for epidural catheter fixation
    • Poulton B, Young P. A novel method for epidural catheter fixation. Anaesthesia 2000;55:1141.
    • (2000) Anaesthesia , vol.55 , pp. 1141
    • Poulton, B.1    Young, P.2
  • 43
    • 0031727219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of epidural catheter replacement in parturients: A retrospective chart review
    • Eappen S, Blinn A, Segal S. Incidence of epidural catheter replacement in parturients: a retrospective chart review. Int J Obstet Anesth 1998;7:220-5.
    • (1998) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.7 , pp. 220-225
    • Eappen, S.1    Blinn, A.2    Segal, S.3
  • 44
    • 0036265202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural catheter function during labour predicts anesthetic efficacy for subsequent cesarean delivery
    • Riley ET, Papasin J. Epidural catheter function during labour predicts anesthetic efficacy for subsequent cesarean delivery. Int J Obst Anes 2002;11:81-4.
    • (2002) Int J Obst Anes , vol.11 , pp. 81-84
    • Riley, E.T.1    Papasin, J.2
  • 46
    • 5344269424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and characteristics of failures in obstetric neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia: A retrospective analysis of 19,259 deliveries
    • Pan PH, Bogard TD, Owen MD. Incidence and characteristics of failures in obstetric neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia: a retrospective analysis of 19,259 deliveries. Int J Obstet Anesth 2004;13:227-33.
    • (2004) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.13 , pp. 227-233
    • Pan, P.H.1    Bogard, T.D.2    Owen, M.D.3
  • 47
    • 0033967596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are combined spinal-epidural catheters reliable?
    • Norris MC. Are combined spinal-epidural catheters reliable? Int J Obstet Anesth 2000;9:3-6.
    • (2000) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.9 , pp. 3-6
    • Norris, M.C.1
  • 48
    • 0030008573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and abdominal pressure
    • Hogan QH, Prost R, Kulier A, Taylor ML, Liu S, Mark L. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and abdominal pressure. Anesthesiology 1996;84:1341-9.
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 1341-1349
    • Hogan, Q.H.1    Prost, R.2    Kulier, A.3    Taylor, M.L.4    Liu, S.5    Mark, L.6
  • 49
    • 31144444710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obese parturients have lower epidural local anaesthetic requirements for analgesia in labour
    • Panni MK, Columb MO. Obese parturients have lower epidural local anaesthetic requirements for analgesia in labour. Br J Anaesth 2006;96:106-10.
    • (2006) Br J Anaesth , vol.96 , pp. 106-110
    • Panni, M.K.1    Columb, M.O.2
  • 50
    • 79251501188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRNA, MSN; continuous spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section for a morbidly obese parturient patient - A Case Report
    • Coker LL. CRNA, MSN; continuous spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section for a morbidly obese parturient patient - A Case Report. AANA J 2002;70:3.
    • (2002) AANA J , vol.70 , pp. 3
    • Coker, L.L.1
  • 51
    • 0027415101 scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway
    • Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology 1993;78:597-602.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 597-602
  • 53
    • 0031867393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of oropharyngeal Mallampati classification in predicting difficult laryngoscopy among obese patients
    • Voyagis GS, Kyriakis KP, Dimitriou V, Vrettou I. Value of oropharyngeal Mallampati classification in predicting difficult laryngoscopy among obese patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1998;15:330-4.
    • (1998) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.15 , pp. 330-334
    • Voyagis, G.S.1    Kyriakis, K.P.2    Dimitriou, V.3    Vrettou, I.4
  • 54
    • 0035028828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive sleep apnoea in the adult obese patient: Implications for airway management
    • Benumof JL. Obstructive sleep apnoea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management. J Clin Anesth 2001;13:144-56.
    • (2001) J Clin Anesth , vol.13 , pp. 144-156
    • Benumof, J.L.1
  • 56
    • 0032882428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive models for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation: A clinical, radiologic and three-dimensional computer imaging study
    • Naguib M, Malabarey T, Al Satli RA, Al Damegh S, Samarkandi AH. Predictive models for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation: a clinical, radiologic and three-dimensional computer imaging study. Can J Anaesth 1999;46:748-59.
    • (1999) Can J Anaesth , vol.46 , pp. 748-759
    • Naguib, M.1    Malabarey, T.2    Al Satli, R.A.3    Al Damegh, S.4    Samarkandi, A.H.5
  • 58
    • 0023238545 scopus 로고
    • Difficult tracheal intubation: A retrospective study
    • Samsoon GL, Young JR. Difficult tracheal intubation: A retrospective study. Anaesthesia 1987;42:487-90.
    • (1987) Anaesthesia , vol.42 , pp. 487-490
    • Samsoon, G.L.1    Young, J.R.2
  • 59
    • 0021701206 scopus 로고
    • Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics
    • Cormack RS, Lehane J. Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics. Anaesthesia 1984;39:1105-11.
    • (1984) Anaesthesia , vol.39 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Cormack, R.S.1    Lehane, J.2
  • 60
  • 61
    • 0026688844 scopus 로고
    • Relative risk analysis of factors associated with difficult intubation in obstetric anesthesia
    • Rocke DA, Murray WB, Rout CC, Gouws E. Relative risk analysis of factors associated with difficult intubation in obstetric anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1992;77:67-73.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 67-73
    • Rocke, D.A.1    Murray, W.B.2    Rout, C.C.3    Gouws, E.4
  • 62
    • 4544343689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of the patient for awake intubation
    • In: Hagberg CA, editor, 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone
    • Sanchez AF, Morrison DE. Preparation of the patient for awake intubation. In: Hagberg CA, editor. Handbook of Difficult Airway Management. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 49-82.
    • (2000) Handbook of Difficult Airway Management , pp. 49-82
    • Sanchez, A.F.1    Morrison, D.E.2
  • 63
    • 12844251899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway management in adult patients with deep neck infections: A case series and review of the literature
    • Ovassapian A, Tuncbilek M, Weitzel EK, Joshi CW. Airway management in adult patients with deep neck infections: A case series and review of the literature. Anesth Analg 2005;100:585-9.
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.100 , pp. 585-589
    • Ovassapian, A.1    Tuncbilek, M.2    Weitzel, E.K.3    Joshi, C.W.4
  • 64
    • 0035098859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difficult airway in the parturient
    • Suresh MS. Difficult airway in the parturient. Probl Anesthesia 2001;13:88-99.
    • (2001) Probl Anesthesia , vol.13 , pp. 88-99
    • Suresh, M.S.1
  • 65
    • 0035570297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The laryngeal mask airway is effective (and probably safe) in selected healthy parturients for elective cesarean section: A prospective study of 1067 cases
    • Han TH, Brimacombe J, Lee EJ, Yang HS. The laryngeal mask airway is effective (and probably safe) in selected healthy parturients for elective cesarean section: A prospective study of 1067 cases. Can J Anaesth 2001;48:1117-21.
    • (2001) Can J Anaesth , vol.48 , pp. 1117-1121
    • Han, T.H.1    Brimacombe, J.2    Lee, E.J.3    Yang, H.S.4
  • 66
    • 0034015655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipment for the difficult airway in obstetric units in Germany
    • Stamer UM, Messerschmidt A, Wulf H, Hoeft A. Equipment for the difficult airway in obstetric units in Germany. J Clin Anesth 2000;12:151-6.
    • (2000) J Clin Anesth , vol.12 , pp. 151-156
    • Stamer, U.M.1    Messerschmidt, A.2    Wulf, H.3    Hoeft, A.4
  • 67
    • 0028946440 scopus 로고
    • The laryngeal mask airway in obstetrical anaesthesia
    • Gataure PS, Hughes JA. The laryngeal mask airway in obstetrical anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1995;42:130-3.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 130-133
    • Gataure, P.S.1    Hughes, J.A.2
  • 68
    • 13244292223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difficult airway equipment in obstetric units in the Republic of Ireland: Results of a national survey
    • Niazi A, Cummins E, Walsh K. Difficult airway equipment in obstetric units in the Republic of Ireland: Results of a national survey. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2004;21:861-3.
    • (2004) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.21 , pp. 861-863
    • Niazi, A.1    Cummins, E.2    Walsh, K.3
  • 69
    • 1942501144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failed obstetric tracheal intubation and postoperative respiratory support with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway
    • Keller C, Brimacombe J, Lirk P, Pühringer F. Failed obstetric tracheal intubation and postoperative respiratory support with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. Anesth Analg 2004;98:1467-70.
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , pp. 1467-1470
    • Keller, C.1    Brimacombe, J.2    Lirk, P.3    Pühringer, F.4
  • 70
    • 0348227668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a ProSeal laryngeal mask airway for airway maintenance during emergency caesarean section after failed tracheal intubation
    • Awan R, Nolan JP, Cook TM. Use of a ProSeal laryngeal mask airway for airway maintenance during emergency caesarean section after failed tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 2004;92:144-6.
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.92 , pp. 144-146
    • Awan, R.1    Nolan, J.P.2    Cook, T.M.3
  • 71
    • 2942633426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another case of use of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in a difficult obstetric airway
    • Vaida SJ, Gaitini LA. Another case of use of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in a difficult obstetric airway. Br J Anaesth 2004;92:905.
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.92 , pp. 905
    • Vaida, S.J.1    Gaitini, L.A.2
  • 74
    • 13244251400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the laryngeal tube-S for airway management and prevention of aspiration after a failed tracheal intubation in a parturient
    • Zand F, Amini A. Use of the laryngeal tube-S for airway management and prevention of aspiration after a failed tracheal intubation in a parturient. Anesthesiology 2005;102:481-3.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.102 , pp. 481-483
    • Zand, F.1    Amini, A.2
  • 75
    • 0027301215 scopus 로고
    • The esophageal-tracheal Combitube
    • Wissler RN. The esophageal-tracheal Combitube. Anesthesiol Rev 1993;20:147-52.
    • (1993) Anesthesiol Rev , vol.20 , pp. 147-152
    • Wissler, R.N.1
  • 77
    • 0021217833 scopus 로고
    • The assessment of gastric acidity and antacid effect in pregnant women by a noninvasive radiotelemetry technique
    • O'Sullivan GM, Bullingham RE. The assessment of gastric acidity and antacid effect in pregnant women by a noninvasive radiotelemetry technique. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;91:973-8.
    • (1984) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.91 , pp. 973-978
    • O'Sullivan, G.M.1    Bullingham, R.E.2
  • 78
    • 37549040458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspiration: Risk, prophylaxis, and treatment
    • In: Chestnut DH, editor, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby
    • O'Sullivan GM, Guyton TS. Aspiration: risk, prophylaxis, and treatment. In: Chestnut DH, editor. Obstetric anesthesia. Principles and practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2004. p. 523-34.
    • (2004) Obstetric anesthesia. Principles and practice , pp. 523-534
    • O'Sullivan, G.M.1    Guyton, T.S.2
  • 79
    • 0027466324 scopus 로고
    • Effects of omeprazole, with and without metoclopramide, in elective obstetric anaesthesia
    • Orr DA, Bill KM, Gillon KR, Wilson CM, Fogarty DJ, Moore J. Effects of omeprazole, with and without metoclopramide, in elective obstetric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1993;48:114-9.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 114-119
    • Orr, D.A.1    Bill, K.M.2    Gillon, K.R.3    Wilson, C.M.4    Fogarty, D.J.5    Moore, J.6
  • 82
    • 0028226856 scopus 로고
    • Massive maternal obesity and perioperative cesarean morbidity
    • Perlow JH, Morgan MA. Massive maternal obesity and perioperative cesarean morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:560-5.
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.170 , pp. 560-565
    • Perlow, J.H.1    Morgan, M.A.2
  • 83
    • 0027146662 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic and obstetric outcome in morbidly obese parturients
    • Hood DD Dewan DM. Anesthetic and obstetric outcome in morbidly obese parturients. Anesthesiology 1993;79:1210-8.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 1210-1218
    • Hood, D.D.1    Dewan, D.M.2
  • 84
    • 4344620833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of spinal anaesthesia and obesity on maternal respiratory function during elective caesarean section
    • Von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Regli A, Bucher E, Reber A, Schneider MC. Impact of spinal anaesthesia and obesity on maternal respiratory function during elective caesarean section. Anaesthesia 2004;59:743-9.
    • (2004) Anaesthesia , vol.59 , pp. 743-749
    • Von Ungern-Sternberg, B.S.1    Regli, A.2    Bucher, E.3    Reber, A.4    Schneider, M.C.5
  • 85
    • 0031887664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: Cumulative meta-analyses of randomised, controlled trials
    • Ballantyne JC, Carr DB, de Ferranti S, Suarez T, Lau J, Chalmers TC, et al. The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: cumulative meta-analyses of randomised, controlled trials. Anesth Analg 1998;86:598-612.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.86 , pp. 598-612
    • Ballantyne, J.C.1    Carr, D.B.2    de Ferranti, S.3    Suarez, T.4    Lau, J.5    Chalmers, T.C.6
  • 86
    • 0034934376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia
    • Wheatley RG, Schug SA, Watson D. Safety and efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 2001;87:47-61.
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.87 , pp. 47-61
    • Wheatley, R.G.1    Schug, S.A.2    Watson, D.3
  • 87
    • 0026510646 scopus 로고
    • Patient controlled analgesia for morbidly obese patient: An effective modality if used correctly
    • Levin A, Klein S, Brolin R, Pitchford DE. Patient controlled analgesia for morbidly obese patient: An effective modality if used correctly. Anesthesiology 1992;76:857-8.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.76 , pp. 857-858
    • Levin, A.1    Klein, S.2    Brolin, R.3    Pitchford, D.E.4
  • 88
    • 0037303171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripartum cardiomyopathy and thromboembolism; anesthetic management and clinical course of an obese, diabetic patient
    • Kaufman I, Bondy R, Benjamin A. Peripartum cardiomyopathy and thromboembolism; anesthetic management and clinical course of an obese, diabetic patient. Can J Anaesth 2003;50:161-5.
    • (2003) Can J Anaesth , vol.50 , pp. 161-165
    • Kaufman, I.1    Bondy, R.2    Benjamin, A.3
  • 89
    • 0034833750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined spinalepidural anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Shnaider R, Ezri T, Szmuk P, Larson S, Warters RD, Katz J. Combined spinalepidural anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy. Can J Anaesth 2001;48:681-3.
    • (2001) Can J Anaesth , vol.48 , pp. 681-683
    • Shnaider, R.1    Ezri, T.2    Szmuk, P.3    Larson, S.4    Warters, R.D.5    Katz, J.6
  • 90
    • 0242543073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical skin incisions and wound complications in the obese parturient
    • Wall PD, Deucy EE, Glantz JC, Pressman EK. Vertical skin incisions and wound complications in the obese parturient. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:952-6.
    • (2003) Obstet Gynecol , vol.102 , pp. 952-956
    • Wall, P.D.1    Deucy, E.E.2    Glantz, J.C.3    Pressman, E.K.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.