메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 47-55

Biomass not linked to perennial grass mortality following severe wildfire in the southern high plains

Author keywords

East Amarillo Complex; fire ecology; perennial grasses; plant mortality; post fire management; primary production; wildfire

Indexed keywords

FIRE BEHAVIOR; FIRE MANAGEMENT; GRASS; GROWING SEASON; MORTALITY; PERENNIAL PLANT; PHYTOMASS; PRESCRIBED BURNING; WILDFIRE;

EID: 79251475628     PISSN: 15507424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2111/REM-D-10-00071.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0027371458 scopus 로고
    • Seedling establishment in adult neighborhoods-intraspecific constraints in the regeneration of the bunchgrass bouteloua gracilis
    • AGUILERA, M. O., AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1993. Seedling establishment in adult neighborhoods-intraspecific constraints in the regeneration of the bunchgrass Bouteloua gracilis. Journal of Ecology 81:253-261.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 253-261
    • Aguilera, M.O.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 2
    • 0028976923 scopus 로고
    • Influence of gap disturbances and types of microsites on seedling establishment in bouteloua gracilis
    • AGUILERA, M. O., AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1995. Influence of gap disturbances and types of microsites on seedling establishment in Bouteloua gracilis. Journal of Ecology 83:87-97.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 87-97
    • Aguilera, M.O.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 3
    • 0001662999 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes during a 30-year period in grassland communities near hays Kansas
    • ALBERSTON, F. W., AND G. W. TOMANEK. 1965. Vegetation changes during a 30-year period in grassland communities near Hays, Kansas. Ecology 46:714-720.
    • (1965) Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 714-720
    • Alberston, F.W.1    Tomanek, G.W.2
  • 4
    • 33847678587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and origin of the central grassland of north america: Climate fire and mammalian grazers
    • ANDERSON, R. C. 2006. Evolution and origin of the central grassland of North America: climate, fire, and mammalian grazers. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Club 133:626-647.
    • (2006) Journal of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.133 , pp. 626-647
    • Anderson, R.C.1
  • 5
    • 34047260950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texas wintergrass and buffalograss response to seasonal fires and clipping
    • ANSLEY, R. J., AND M. J. CASTELLANO. 2007. Texas wintergrass and buffalograss response to seasonal fires and clipping. Rangeland Ecology & Management 60:154-164.
    • (2007) Rangeland Ecology & Management , vol.60 , pp. 154-164
    • Ansley, R.J.1    Castellano, M.J.2
  • 7
    • 61949334644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses to prescribed burning of grazed shortgrass steppe
    • AUGUSTINE, D. J., AND D. G. MILCHUNAS. 2009. Vegetation responses to prescribed burning of grazed shortgrass steppe. Rangeland Ecology & Management 62:89-97.
    • (2009) Rangeland Ecology & Management , vol.62 , pp. 89-97
    • Augustine, D.J.1    Milchunas, D.G.2
  • 8
    • 51849180749 scopus 로고
    • Rise of the grassland biome central north america
    • AXELROD, D. I. 1985. Rise of the grassland biome, central North America. Botanical Review 51:163-201.
    • (1985) Botanical Review , vol.51 , pp. 163-201
    • Axelrod, D.I.1
  • 9
    • 1642293425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belowground bud banks and meristem limitation in tallgrass prairie plant populations
    • BENSON, E. J., D. C. HARTNETT, AND K. H. MANN. 2004. Belowground bud banks and meristem limitation in tallgrass prairie plant populations. American Journal of Botany 91:416-421.
    • (2004) American Journal of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 416-421
    • Benson, E.J.1    Hartnett, D.C.2    Mann, K.H.3
  • 10
    • 0027091297 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of fire behavior to tallgrass prairie herbage production
    • BIDWELL, T. G., AND D. M. ENGLE. 1992. Relationship of fire behavior to tallgrass prairie herbage production. Journal of Range Management 45:579-584.
    • (1992) Journal of Range Management , vol.45 , pp. 579-584
    • Bidwell, T.G.1    Engle, D.M.2
  • 11
    • 61949359406 scopus 로고
    • Influence of drought and grazing on mortality of five west texas grasses
    • BOX, T. W. 1967. Influence of drought and grazing on mortality of five west Texas grasses. Ecology 48:654-656.
    • (1967) Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 654-656
    • Box, T.W.1
  • 12
    • 0002208107 scopus 로고
    • Plant responses to defoliation: A physiologic morphologic and demographic perspective
    • D. J. Bedunah and R. E. Sosebee EDS Denver CO USA: Society of Range Management
    • BRISKE, D. D., AND J. H. RICHARDS. 1995. Plant responses to defoliation: a physiologic, morphologic, and demographic perspective. In: D. J. Bedunah and R. E. Sosebee [EDS.]. Wildland plants: physiological ecology and developmental morphology. Denver, CO, USA: Society of Range Management. p. 635-710.
    • (1995) Wildland Plants: Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology , pp. 635-710
    • Briske, D.D.1    Richards, J.H.2
  • 13
    • 0036623268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: Initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons
    • BROCKWAY, D. G., R. G. GATEWOOD, AND R. B. PARIS. 2002. Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons. Journal of Environmental Management 65:135-152.
    • (2002) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.65 , pp. 135-152
    • Brockway, D.G.1    Gatewood, R.G.2    Paris, R.B.3
  • 14
    • 33846604315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire season and simulated grazing differentially affect the stability and drought resilience of a C4 bunchgrass C3 bunchgrass and C4 lawngrass
    • CASTELLANO, M. J., AND R. J. ANSLEY. 2007. Fire season and simulated grazing differentially affect the stability and drought resilience of a C4 bunchgrass, C3 bunchgrass, and C4 lawngrass. Journal of Arid Environments 69:375-384.
    • (2007) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.69 , pp. 375-384
    • Castellano, M.J.1    Ansley, R.J.2
  • 15
    • 38349019312 scopus 로고
    • Drought-associated mortality of range grasses in south texas
    • CHAMRAD, A. D., AND T. W. BOX. 1965. Drought-associated mortality of range grasses in South Texas. Ecology 46:780-785.
    • (1965) Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 780-785
    • Chamrad, A.D.1    Box, T.W.2
  • 16
    • 0012245639 scopus 로고
    • Threshold requirements for fire spread in grassland fuels
    • Lubbock TX USA: Texas Tech University
    • CLARK, R. G. 1983. Threshold requirements for fire spread in grassland fuels. [dissertation]. Lubbock, TX, USA: Texas Tech University. 72 p.
    • (1983) Dissertation , pp. 72
    • Clark, R.G.1
  • 17
    • 0024198107 scopus 로고
    • The effects of disturbance size and frequency on a shortgrass plant community
    • COFFIN, D. P., AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1988. The effects of disturbance size and frequency on a shortgrass plant community. Ecology 69:1609-1617.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1609-1617
    • Coffin, D.P.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 18
    • 0025955921 scopus 로고
    • Effects of competition on spatial distribution of roots of blue grama
    • COFFIN, D. P., AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1991. Effects of competition on spatial distribution of roots of blue grama. Journal of Range Management 44:68-71.
    • (1991) Journal of Range Management , vol.44 , pp. 68-71
    • Coffin, D.P.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 19
    • 0031699478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of seasonal fire, bison grazing and climatic variation on tallgrass prairie vegetation
    • COPPEDGE, B. R., D. M. ENGLE, C. S. TOEPFER, AND J. H. SHAW. 1998. Effects of seasonal fire, bison grazing and climatic variation on tallgrass prairie vegetation. Plant Ecology 139:235-246.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.139 , pp. 235-246
    • Coppedge, B.R.1    Engle, D.M.2    Toepfer, C.S.3    Shaw, J.H.4
  • 20
    • 3342943697 scopus 로고
    • Developmental morphology of plants
    • D. J. Bedunah and R. E. Sosebee EDS Denver CO USA: Society of Range Management
    • DAHL, B. E. 1995. Developmental morphology of plants. In: D. J. Bedunah and R. E. Sosebee [EDS.]. Wildland plants: physiological ecology and developmental morphology. Denver, CO, USA: Society of Range Management. p. 22-58.
    • (1995) Wildland Plants: Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology , pp. 22-58
    • Dahl, B.E.1
  • 21
    • 0001611119 scopus 로고
    • The effect of severe drought and management after drought on the mortality and recovery of semi-arid grassveld
    • DANCKWERTS, J. E., AND G. C. STUART-HILL. 1988. The effect of severe drought and management after drought on the mortality and recovery of semi-arid grassveld. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 5:218-222.
    • (1988) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.5 , pp. 218-222
    • Danckwerts, J.E.1    Stuart-Hill, G.C.2
  • 22
    • 21544458313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant coexistence depends on ecosystem nutrient cycles: Extension of the resource-ratio theory
    • DAUFRESNE, T., AND L. O. HEDIN. 2005. Plant coexistence depends on ecosystem nutrient cycles: extension of the resource-ratio theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:9212-9217.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.102 , pp. 9212-9217
    • Daufresne, T.1    Hedin, L.O.2
  • 24
    • 35348979208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architectural evolution and its implications in domestication in grasses
    • DOUST, A. 2007. Architectural evolution and its implications in domestication in grasses. Annals of Botany 100:941-950.
    • (2007) Annals of Botany , vol.100 , pp. 941-950
    • Doust, A.1
  • 25
    • 0032907484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demography of Bouteloua gracilis in a mixed prairie: Analysis of genets and individuals
    • FAIR, J., W. K. LAUENROTH, AND D. P. COFFIN. 1999. Demography of Bouteloua gracilis in a mixed prairie: analysis of genets and individuals. Journal of Ecology 87:233-243.
    • (1999) Journal of Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 233-243
    • Fair, J.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2    Coffin, D.P.3
  • 26
    • 0035140324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of individual bouteloua gracilis gramineae plants and tillers to small disturbances
    • FAIR, J. L., D. P. C. PETERS, AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 2001. Response of individual Bouteloua gracilis (Gramineae) plants and tillers to small disturbances. American Midland Naturalist 145:147-158.
    • (2001) American Midland Naturalist , vol.145 , pp. 147-158
    • Fair, J.L.1    Peters, D.P.C.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3
  • 27
    • 0035031753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of fire on the demography of a dominant grass species of west african savannas hyparrhenia dyplandra
    • GARNIER, L. K. M., AND I. DAJOZ. 2001. The influence of fire on the demography of a dominant grass species of West African Savannas, Hyparrhenia dyplandra. Journal of Ecology 89:200-208.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 200-208
    • Garnier, L.K.M.1    Dajoz, I.2
  • 30
    • 0000736599 scopus 로고
    • Drought effects on a semidesert grassland range
    • HERBEL, C. H., F. N. ARES, AND R. A. WRIGHT. 1972. Drought effects on a semidesert grassland range. Ecology 53:1084-1093.
    • (1972) Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 1084-1093
    • Herbel, C.H.1    Ares, F.N.2    Wright, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 0028180821 scopus 로고
    • Response of early- and late-flowering plants to fire season in experimental prairies
    • HOWE, H. F. 1994. Response of early- and late-flowering plants to fire season in experimental prairies. Ecological Applications 4:121-133.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , pp. 121-133
    • Howe, H.F.1
  • 32
    • 0024249621 scopus 로고
    • Causes of fire effects in tallgrass prairie
    • HULBERT, L. C. 1988. Causes of fire effects in tallgrass prairie. Ecology 69:46-58.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 46-58
    • Hulbert, L.C.1
  • 33
    • 20844463486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and the miocene expansion of C4 grasslands
    • KEELEY, J. E., AND P. W. RUNDEL. 2005. Fire and the Miocene expansion of C4 grasslands. Ecology Letters 8:683-690.
    • (2005) Ecology Letters , vol.8 , pp. 683-690
    • Keeley, J.E.1    Rundel, P.W.2
  • 34
    • 33847034699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bud banks and their role in vegetative regeneration- a literature review and proposal for simple classification and assessment
    • KLIMESOVA, J., AND L. KLIMES. 2007. Bud banks and their role in vegetative regeneration- a literature review and proposal for simple classification and assessment. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8:115-129.
    • (2007) Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics , vol.8 , pp. 115-129
    • Klimesova, J.1    Klimes, L.2
  • 35
    • 0001792306 scopus 로고
    • Effects of early spring burning on yields of native vegetation
    • LAUNCHBAUGH, J. L. 1964. Effects of early spring burning on yields of native vegetation. Journal of Range Management 17:5-7.
    • (1964) Journal of Range Management , vol.17 , pp. 5-7
    • Launchbaugh, J.L.1
  • 37
    • 0034022405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire effects on weeping lovegrass tiller density and demographics
    • MCFARLAND, J. B., AND R. MITCHELL. 2000. Fire effects on weeping lovegrass tiller density and demographics. Agronomy Journal 92:42-47.
    • (2000) Agronomy Journal , vol.92 , pp. 42-47
    • Mcfarland, J.B.1    Mitchell, R.2
  • 39
    • 79251494378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition among blue grama and buffalograss ecotypes: Effects of soil and past neighbor interactions
    • Lubbock TX USA: Texas Tech University
    • MOFFET, C. A. 2003. Competition among blue grama and buffalograss ecotypes: effects of soil and past neighbor interactions [dissertation]. Lubbock, TX, USA: Texas Tech University. 299 p.
    • (2003) Dissertation , pp. 299
    • Moffet, C.A.1
  • 40
    • 79251477471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant population and community responses to removal of the dominant species
    • MUNSON, S. M., AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 2009. Plant population and community responses to removal of the dominant species. Journal of Vegetation Science 20:1-9.
    • (2009) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.20 , pp. 1-9
    • Munson, S.M.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 41
    • 85031244039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National interagency fire center fire information-wildland fire statistics
    • Available at: Accessed 15 February 2010
    • NATIONAL INTERAGENCY FIRE CENTER. 2010. National Interagency Fire Center, fire information-wildland fire statistics. Available at: .
    • (2010) National Interagency Fire Center
  • 42
    • 0001837133 scopus 로고
    • Yield responses to time of burning in the kansas flint hills
    • OWENSBY, C. E., AND K. L. ANDERSON. 1967. Yield responses to time of burning in the Kansas Flint Hills. Journal of Range Management 20:12-16.
    • (1967) Journal of Range Management , vol.20 , pp. 12-16
    • Owensby, C.E.1    Anderson, K.L.2
  • 43
    • 0028154251 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary response of sandhills prairie to fire and bison grazing
    • PFEIFFER, K. E., AND A. A. STEUTER. 1994. Preliminary response of Sandhills prairie to fire and bison grazing. Journal of Range Management 47:395-397.
    • (1994) Journal of Range Management , vol.47 , pp. 395-397
    • Pfeiffer, K.E.1    Steuter, A.A.2
  • 44
    • 0029506712 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on blue grama and buffalograss interactions
    • RICHARD, C. E., AND E. F. REDENTE. 1995. Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on blue grama and buffalograss interactions. Journal of Range Management 48:417-422.
    • (1995) Journal of Range Management , vol.48 , pp. 417-422
    • Richard, C.E.1    Redente, E.F.2
  • 46
    • 0024223389 scopus 로고
    • Primary production of the central grassland region of the united states
    • SALA, O. E., W. J. PARTON, L. A. JOYCE, AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1988. Primary production of the central grassland region of the United States. Ecology 69:40-45.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 40-45
    • Sala, O.E.1    Parton, W.J.2    Joyce, L.A.3    Lauenroth, W.K.4
  • 48
    • 0036324409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements
    • SCURLOCK, J. M. O., K. JOHNSON, AND R. J. OLSON. 2002. Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements. Global Change Biology 8:736-753.
    • (2002) Global Change Biology , vol.8 , pp. 736-753
    • Scurlock, J.M.O.1    Johnson, K.2    Olson, R.J.3
  • 49
    • 0000898845 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of variance test for normality complete samples
    • SHAPIRO, S. S., AND M. B. WILK. 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52:591-611.
    • (1965) Biometrika , vol.52 , pp. 591-611
    • Shapiro, S.S.1    Wilk, M.B.2
  • 50
    • 0000135887 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire ash and litter on soil nitrate temperature moisture and tobosa-grass production in rolling plains
    • SHARROW, S. H., AND H. A. WRIGHT. 1977. Effects of fire, ash, and litter on soil nitrate, temperature, moisture and Tobosa-grass production in rolling plains. Journal of Range Management 30:266-270.
    • (1977) Journal of Range Management , vol.30 , pp. 266-270
    • Sharrow, S.H.1    Wright, H.A.2
  • 51
    • 0000713141 scopus 로고
    • The structure and function of ten western north american grasslands I: Abiotic and vegetational characteristics
    • SIMS, P. L., J. S. SINGH, AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1978. The structure and function of ten western North American grasslands. I: abiotic and vegetational characteristics. Journal of Ecology 66:251-285.
    • (1978) Journal of Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 251-285
    • Sims, P.L.1    Singh, J.S.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3
  • 52
    • 0033451497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interacting influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis and competition on plant diversity in tallgrass prairie
    • SMITH, M. D., D. C. HARNETT, AND G. W. T. WILSON. 1999. Interacting influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis and competition on plant diversity in tallgrass prairie. Oecologia 121:574-582.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.121 , pp. 574-582
    • Smith, M.D.1    Harnett, D.C.2    Wilson, G.W.T.3
  • 53
    • 24744451810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoupled taxonomic radiation and ecological expansion of open-habitat grasses in the cenozoic of north america
    • STROMBERG, C. A. E. 2005. Decoupled taxonomic radiation and ecological expansion of open-habitat grasses in the Cenozoic of North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:11980-11984.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.102 , pp. 11980-11984
    • Stromberg, C.A.E.1
  • 54
    • 61949486370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term response patterns of tallgrass prairie to frequent summer burning
    • TOWNE, E. G., AND K. E. KEMP. 2008. Long-term response patterns of tallgrass prairie to frequent summer burning. Rangeland Ecology & Management 61: 509-520.
    • (2008) Rangeland Ecology & Management , vol.61 , pp. 509-520
    • Towne, E.G.1    Kemp, K.E.2
  • 55
    • 0000299384 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of annual burning at different dates in ungrazed kansas tallgrass prairie
    • TOWNE, E. G., AND C. E. OWENSBY. 1984. Long-term effects of annual burning at different dates in ungrazed Kansas tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management 37:392-397.
    • (1984) Journal of Range Management , vol.37 , pp. 392-397
    • Towne, E.G.1    Owensby, C.E.2
  • 56
    • 0000365509 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on grasses of the texas high plains
    • TRLICA, M. J., AND J. L. SCHUSTER. 1969. Effects of fire on grasses of the Texas High Plains. Journal of Range Management 22:329-333.
    • (1969) Journal of Range Management , vol.22 , pp. 329-333
    • Trlica, M.J.1    Schuster, J.L.2
  • 57
    • 85031239887 scopus 로고
    • Competition and coexistence between two C4 grasses of the shortgrass steppe
    • Ft. Collins CO USA: Colorado State University
    • TURNER, S. J. 1987. Competition and coexistence between two C4 grasses of the shortgrass steppe [dissertation]. Ft. Collins, CO, USA: Colorado State University. 202 p.
    • (1987) Dissertation , pp. 202
    • Turner, S.J.1
  • 58
    • 79251506581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usda us Department of Agriculture Available at: Accessed 16 July 2009
    • USDA] US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 2008. Ecological Site Description, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Available at: http://esis.sc.egov.usda. gov/esis-report. Accessed 16 July 2009
    • (2008) Ecological Site Description Natural Resources Conservation Service
  • 60
    • 67149116778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought change and resilience in south africas arid and semiarid rangelands
    • VETTER, S. 2009. Drought, change and resilience in South Africa's arid and semiarid rangelands. South African Journal of Science 105:29-33.
    • (2009) South African Journal of Science , vol.105 , pp. 29-33
    • Vetter, S.1
  • 61
    • 0002340042 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on grasslands
    • T. T. Kozlowski and C. E. Ahlgren EDS New York NY USA: Academic Press
    • VOGL, R. J. 1974. Effects of fire on grasslands. In: T. T. Kozlowski and C. E. Ahlgren [EDS.]. Fire and ecosystems. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press. p. 139-194.
    • (1974) Fire and Ecosystems , pp. 139-194
    • Vogl, R.J.1
  • 62
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western U S forest wildfire activity
    • WESTERLING, A. L., H. G. HIDALGO, D. R. CAYAN, AND T. W. SWETNAM. 2006. Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science 313:940-943.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 63
    • 0028994967 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing the effects of accidental environmental impacts: Approaches and assumptions
    • WIENS, J. A., AND K. R. PARKER. 1995. Analyzing the effects of accidental environmental impacts: approaches and assumptions. Ecological Applications 5:1069-1083.
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , pp. 1069-1083
    • Wiens, J.A.1    Parker, K.R.2
  • 64
    • 0025660111 scopus 로고
    • Competition fire and nutrients in a mixedgrass prairie
    • WILSON, S. D., AND J. M. SHAY. 1990. Competition, fire and nutrients in a mixedgrass prairie. Ecology 71:1959-1967.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1959-1967
    • Wilson, S.D.1    Shay, J.M.2
  • 65
    • 0000033201 scopus 로고
    • Effect of fire on southern mixed prairie grasses
    • WRIGHT, H. A. 1974. Effect of fire on southern mixed prairie grasses. Journal of Range Management 27:417-419.
    • (1974) Journal of Range Management , vol.27 , pp. 417-419
    • Wright, H.A.1
  • 67
    • 0012631750 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the 1949-1956 drought on the ranges of texas
    • YOUNG, V. A. 1956. The effects of the 1949-1956 drought on the ranges of Texas. Journal of Range Management 9:139-142.
    • (1956) Journal of Range Management , vol.9 , pp. 139-142
    • Young, V.A.1
  • 69
    • 49649088652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment filters in a perennial grassland: The interactive roles of fire competitors moisture and seed availability
    • ZIMMERMAN, J., S. I. HIGGINS, V. GRIMM, J. HOFFMANN, T. MÜNKEMÜLLER, AND A. LINSTÄDTER. 2008. Recruitment filters in a perennial grassland: the interactive roles of fire, competitors, moisture and seed availability. Journal of Ecology 96: 1033-1044.
    • (2008) Journal of Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 1033-1044
    • Zimmerman, J.1    Higgins, S.I.2    Grimm, V.3    Hoffmann, J.4    Münkemüller, T.5    Linstädter, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.