메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 45-55

The effects of winter severity and population density on body stores in the Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) in a highly seasonal mountain environment

Author keywords

Body condition; Capra pyrenaica; Climatic conditions; Density dependence; Mass size residuals; Sexual dimorphism

Indexed keywords

CAPRA AEGAGRUS; CAPRA HIRCUS; CAPRA PYRENAICA; CAPRINAE;

EID: 78751633705     PISSN: 16124642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10344-010-0398-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 0035684692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist
    • Anderson DR, Burnham KP, White GA (2001) Kullback-Leibler information in resolving natural resource conflicts when definitive data exist. Wildl Soc Bull 29: 1260-1270.
    • (2001) Wildl Soc Bull , vol.29 , pp. 1260-1270
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Burnham, K.P.2    White, G.A.3
  • 2
    • 0004134698 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, New York, USA: Princeton University Press
    • Andersson MB (1994) Sexual selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New York, USA.
    • (1994) Sexual Selection
    • Andersson, M.B.1
  • 3
    • 33645829295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of intermittent feeding: integrating responses of vertebrates to nutritional deficit and excess
    • Barboza PS, Hume ID (2006) Physiology of intermittent feeding: integrating responses of vertebrates to nutritional deficit and excess. Physiol Biochem Zool 79: 250-264.
    • (2006) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.79 , pp. 250-264
    • Barboza, P.S.1    Hume, I.D.2
  • 4
    • 55549116673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocating protein to reproduction in Artic reindeer and caribou
    • Barboza PS, Parker KL (2008) Allocating protein to reproduction in Artic reindeer and caribou. Physiol Biochem Zool 81: 835-855.
    • (2008) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.81 , pp. 835-855
    • Barboza, P.S.1    Parker, K.L.2
  • 5
    • 18044390505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mule deer survival among adjacent populations in southwest Idaho
    • Bishop CJ, Unsworth JW, Garton EO (2005) Mule deer survival among adjacent populations in southwest Idaho. J Wildl Manage 69: 311-321.
    • (2005) J Wildl Manage , vol.69 , pp. 311-321
    • Bishop, C.J.1    Unsworth, J.W.2    Garton, E.O.3
  • 6
    • 0000831892 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary energy and protein restriction on nutritional indices of female white-tailed deer
    • Brown RD, Hellgre EC, Abbott M, Ruthven DC, Bingham RL (1995) Effects of dietary energy and protein restriction on nutritional indices of female white-tailed deer. J Wildl Manage 59: 595-609.
    • (1995) J Wildl Manage , vol.59 , pp. 595-609
    • Brown, R.D.1    Hellgre, E.C.2    Abbott, M.3    Ruthven, D.C.4    Bingham, R.L.5
  • 9
    • 0026841558 scopus 로고
    • Level of nutrition and synthetic capacity and nucleic acid content in sheep
    • Burrin DG, Britton RA, Ferrell CL, Bauer ML (1992) Level of nutrition and synthetic capacity and nucleic acid content in sheep. J Anim Sci 70: 1137-1145.
    • (1992) J Anim Sci , vol.70 , pp. 1137-1145
    • Burrin, D.G.1    Britton, R.A.2    Ferrell, C.L.3    Bauer, M.L.4
  • 10
    • 0025129588 scopus 로고
    • Level of nutrition and visceral organ size and metabolic activity in sheep
    • Burrin DG, Ferrel CL, Britton RA, Bauer ML (1990) Level of nutrition and visceral organ size and metabolic activity in sheep. Br J Nutr 64: 439-448.
    • (1990) Br J Nutr , vol.64 , pp. 439-448
    • Burrin, D.G.1    Ferrel, C.L.2    Britton, R.A.3    Bauer, M.L.4
  • 11
    • 0030301903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying school size effects in line transect sampling using the kernel method
    • Chen X (1996) Studying school size effects in line transect sampling using the kernel method. Biometrics 52: 1283-1294.
    • (1996) Biometrics , vol.52 , pp. 1283-1294
    • Chen, X.1
  • 12
    • 0026082388 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent growth, body condition, and demography in feral donkeys: testing the food hypothesis
    • Choquenot D (1991) Density-dependent growth, body condition, and demography in feral donkeys: testing the food hypothesis. Ecology 72: 805-813.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 805-813
    • Choquenot, D.1
  • 13
    • 0033366687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling for body mass effects: is part-whole correlation important?
    • Christians JK (1999) Controlling for body mass effects: is part-whole correlation important? Physiol Biochem Zool 72: 250-253.
    • (1999) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.72 , pp. 250-253
    • Christians, J.K.1
  • 14
    • 0000804779 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment in male and female offspring in polygynous mammals
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD, Guinness FE (1981) Parental investment in male and female offspring in polygynous mammals. Nature 289: 478-489.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.289 , pp. 478-489
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 15
    • 77954149442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Granada, Spain: Grupo Entorno
    • Consejería de Medio Ambiente (2004) Sierra Nevada: basic data. Grupo Entorno, Granada, Spain.
    • (2004) Sierra Nevada: Basic Data
  • 16
    • 0036944035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter snowfall: a variable factor in recruitment by isard populations (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica)
    • Crampe JP, Gaillard J-M, Loison A (2002) Winter snowfall: a variable factor in recruitment by isard populations (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica). Can J Zool 80: 1306-1312.
    • (2002) Can J Zool , vol.80 , pp. 1306-1312
    • Crampe, J.P.1    Gaillard, J.-M.2    Loison, A.3
  • 17
    • 0024922180 scopus 로고
    • Travel in Alpine terrain: energy expenditures for locomotion by mountain goats and bighorn sheep
    • Dailey TV, Hobbs NT (1989) Travel in Alpine terrain: energy expenditures for locomotion by mountain goats and bighorn sheep. Can J Zool 67: 2368-2375.
    • (1989) Can J Zool , vol.67 , pp. 2368-2375
    • Dailey, T.V.1    Hobbs, N.T.2
  • 20
    • 0033983692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass emigration of arctic tundra caribou from a traditional winter range: population dynamics and physical condition
    • Ferguson MAD, Messier F (2000) Mass emigration of arctic tundra caribou from a traditional winter range: population dynamics and physical condition. J Wildl Manage 64: 168-178.
    • (2000) J Wildl Manage , vol.64 , pp. 168-178
    • Ferguson, M.A.D.1    Messier, F.2
  • 21
    • 0022124240 scopus 로고
    • Cow type and the nutritional environment: nutritional aspects
    • Ferrel CL, Jenkins TG (1985) Cow type and the nutritional environment: nutritional aspects. J Anim Sci 61: 725-741.
    • (1985) J Anim Sci , vol.61 , pp. 725-741
    • Ferrel, C.L.1    Jenkins, T.G.2
  • 22
    • 0029668556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of sexual dimorphism, seasonal and lifetime mass changes in bighorn sheep
    • Festa-Bianchet M, Jorgenson J, King WJ, Smith KG, Wishart WD (1996) The development of sexual dimorphism, seasonal and lifetime mass changes in bighorn sheep. Can J Zool 74: 330-342.
    • (1996) Can J Zool , vol.74 , pp. 330-342
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Jorgenson, J.2    King, W.J.3    Smith, K.G.4    Wishart, W.D.5
  • 23
    • 0034580832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early development, adult mass, and reproductive success in bighorn sheep
    • Festa-Bianchet M, Jorgenson JT, Réale D (2000) Early development, adult mass, and reproductive success in bighorn sheep. Behav Ecol 11: 633-639.
    • (2000) Behav Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 633-639
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Jorgenson, J.T.2    Réale, D.3
  • 24
    • 0036084245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between calving time and physical condition in three wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus populations in southern Norway
    • Flydal K, Reimers E (2002) Relationship between calving time and physical condition in three wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus populations in southern Norway. Wildl Biol 8: 145-151.
    • (2002) Wildl Biol , vol.8 , pp. 145-151
    • Flydal, K.1    Reimers, E.2
  • 25
    • 23644461055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A substantial energetic cost to male reproduction in a sexually dimorphic ungulate
    • Forsyth DM, Duncan RP, Tustin KG, Gaillard J-M (2005) A substantial energetic cost to male reproduction in a sexually dimorphic ungulate. Ecology 86: 2154-2163.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 2154-2163
    • Forsyth, D.M.1    Duncan, R.P.2    Tustin, K.G.3    Gaillard, J.-M.4
  • 26
    • 0034923269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the misuse of residuals in ecology: testing regression residuals vs. the analysis of covariance
    • García-Berthou E (2001) On the misuse of residuals in ecology: testing regression residuals vs. the analysis of covariance. J Anim Ecol 70: 708-711.
    • (2001) J Anim Ecol , vol.70 , pp. 708-711
    • García-Berthou, E.1
  • 27
    • 28244450876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quantitative effects of population density and winter weather on the body condition of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Garroway CJ, Broders HG (2005) The quantitative effects of population density and winter weather on the body condition of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Can J Zool 83: 1246-1256.
    • (2005) Can J Zool , vol.83 , pp. 1246-1256
    • Garroway, C.J.1    Broders, H.G.2
  • 28
    • 0025954193 scopus 로고
    • Effects of snow on foraging ecology and nutrition of bighorn sheep
    • Goodson AD, Stevens DR, Bailey JA (1991) Effects of snow on foraging ecology and nutrition of bighorn sheep. J Wildl Manage 55: 214-222.
    • (1991) J Wildl Manage , vol.55 , pp. 214-222
    • Goodson, A.D.1    Stevens, D.R.2    Bailey, J.A.3
  • 30
    • 0030619466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the biometry of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica, from Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)
    • Granados JE, Pérez JM, Soriguer RC, Fandos P, Ruiz-Martinez I (1997) On the biometry of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica, from Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain). Folia Zool 46: 9-14.
    • (1997) Folia Zool , vol.46 , pp. 9-14
    • Granados, J.E.1    Pérez, J.M.2    Soriguer, R.C.3    Fandos, P.4    Ruiz-Martinez, I.5
  • 31
    • 0034973312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass/length residuals: measures of body condition or generators of spurious results?
    • Green AJ (2001) Mass/length residuals: measures of body condition or generators of spurious results? Ecology 82: 1473-1483.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 1473-1483
    • Green, A.J.1
  • 32
    • 0033061110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range-body mass interactions of a northern ungulate: a test of hypothesis
    • Hjeljord O, Histøl T (1999) Range-body mass interactions of a northern ungulate: a test of hypothesis. Oecologia 119: 326-339.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.119 , pp. 326-339
    • Hjeljord, O.1    Histøl, T.2
  • 33
    • 0030878288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variations in climate associated with the North Atlantic oscillation
    • Hurrell JW, van Loo NH (1997) Decadal variations in climate associated with the North Atlantic oscillation. Clim Chang 36: 301-326.
    • (1997) Clim Chang , vol.36 , pp. 301-326
    • Hurrell, J.W.1    van Loo, N.H.2
  • 35
    • 0033306240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory effect of the heat increment of feeding on thermoregulation costs of white-tailed deer fawns in winter
    • Jensen PG, Pekins PJ, Holter JB (1999) Compensatory effect of the heat increment of feeding on thermoregulation costs of white-tailed deer fawns in winter. Can J Zool 77: 1474-1485.
    • (1999) Can J Zool , vol.77 , pp. 1474-1485
    • Jensen, P.G.1    Pekins, P.J.2    Holter, J.B.3
  • 36
    • 1242296549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model selection in ecology and evolution
    • Johnson JB, Omland KS (2004) Model selection in ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 19: 101-108.
    • (2004) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 101-108
    • Johnson, J.B.1    Omland, K.S.2
  • 37
    • 0030620567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capital and income breeding as alternative tactics of resource use in reproduction
    • Jönsson KI (1997) Capital and income breeding as alternative tactics of resource use in reproduction. Oikos 78: 57-66.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.78 , pp. 57-66
    • Jönsson, K.I.1
  • 38
    • 0026915359 scopus 로고
    • Effects of undernutrition and refeeding on weights of body parts and chemical components of growing Moroccan lambs
    • Kabbali A, Johnson WL, Goodrich RD, Allen CE (1992a) Effects of undernutrition and refeeding on weights of body parts and chemical components of growing Moroccan lambs. J Anim Sci 70: 2859-2865.
    • (1992) J Anim Sci , vol.70 , pp. 2859-2865
    • Kabbali, A.1    Johnson, W.L.2    Goodrich, R.D.3    Allen, C.E.4
  • 39
    • 0026916897 scopus 로고
    • Effects of compensatory growth on some body component weights and on carcass and noncarcass composition of growing lambs
    • Kabbali A, Johnson WL, Johnson DW, Goodrich RD, Allen CE (1992b) Effects of compensatory growth on some body component weights and on carcass and noncarcass composition of growing lambs. J Anim Sci 70: 2852-2858.
    • (1992) J Anim Sci , vol.70 , pp. 2852-2858
    • Kabbali, A.1    Johnson, W.L.2    Johnson, D.W.3    Goodrich, R.D.4    Allen, C.E.5
  • 40
    • 0001251994 scopus 로고
    • Periods of nutritional stress in the annual cycle of endotherms: fact or fiction?
    • King JR, Murphy ME (1985) Periods of nutritional stress in the annual cycle of endotherms: fact or fiction? Am Zool 25: 955-964.
    • (1985) Am Zool , vol.25 , pp. 955-964
    • King, J.R.1    Murphy, M.E.2
  • 41
    • 17744386325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for trade-off between growth and body reserves in northern white-tailed deer
    • Lesage L, Crête M, Ouellet J-P (2001) Evidence for trade-off between growth and body reserves in northern white-tailed deer. Oecologia 126: 30-41.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.126 , pp. 30-41
    • Lesage, L.1    Crête, M.2    Ouellet, J.-P.3
  • 43
    • 0027488192 scopus 로고
    • Mass changes in migrating birds: the evidence for fat and protein storage re-examined
    • Lindström Å, Piersma T (1993) Mass changes in migrating birds: the evidence for fat and protein storage re-examined. Ibis 135: 70-78.
    • (1993) Ibis , vol.135 , pp. 70-78
    • Lindström, A.1    Piersma, T.2
  • 44
    • 0031741909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term effects of winter and spring weather on growth and survival of red deer in Norway
    • Loison A, Langvatn R (1998) Short- and long-term effects of winter and spring weather on growth and survival of red deer in Norway. Oecologia 116: 498-500.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 498-500
    • Loison, A.1    Langvatn, R.2
  • 45
    • 0033779637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet selection by Spanish ibex in early summer in Sierra Nevada
    • Martínez T (2000) Diet selection by Spanish ibex in early summer in Sierra Nevada. Acta Theriol 45: 335-346.
    • (2000) Acta Theriol , vol.45 , pp. 335-346
    • Martínez, T.1
  • 46
    • 0023495188 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters' snow
    • Mech LD, McRoberts RE, Peterson RO, Page RE (1987) Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters' snow. J Anim Ecol 56: 615-627.
    • (1987) J Anim Ecol , vol.56 , pp. 615-627
    • Mech, L.D.1    McRoberts, R.E.2    Peterson, R.O.3    Page, R.E.4
  • 47
    • 84985379477 scopus 로고
    • Annual cycles of body weight and condition in Scottish red deer, Cervus elaphus
    • Mitchell B, McCowan D, Nicholson IA (1976) Annual cycles of body weight and condition in Scottish red deer, Cervus elaphus. J Zool 180: 107-127.
    • (1976) J Zool , vol.180 , pp. 107-127
    • Mitchell, B.1    McCowan, D.2    Nicholson, I.A.3
  • 48
    • 6344270320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of reproductive effort in male ungulates
    • Mysterud A, Langvetn R, Stenseth NC (2004) Patterns of reproductive effort in male ungulates. J Zool 264: 209-215.
    • (2004) J Zool , vol.264 , pp. 209-215
    • Mysterud, A.1    Langvetn, R.2    Stenseth, N.C.3
  • 49
    • 58349087863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition integrates environmental responses of ungulates
    • Parker KL, Barboza PS, Gillinngham MP (2009) Nutrition integrates environmental responses of ungulates. Func Ecol 23: 57-69.
    • (2009) Func Ecol , vol.23 , pp. 57-69
    • Parker, K.L.1    Barboza, P.S.2    Gillinngham, M.P.3
  • 50
    • 33748994063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change
    • Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 37: 637-669.
    • (2006) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.37 , pp. 637-669
    • Parmesan, C.1
  • 51
    • 0036933156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of forage competition, harvest, and climate fluctuation to changes in population growth of northern white-tailed deer
    • Patterson B, Power V (2002) Contributions of forage competition, harvest, and climate fluctuation to changes in population growth of northern white-tailed deer. Oecologia 130: 62-71.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.130 , pp. 62-71
    • Patterson, B.1    Power, V.2
  • 52
    • 0028995381 scopus 로고
    • Is sex biased maternal care limited by total maternal expenditure in polygnous ungulates
    • Pélabon C, Gaillard J-M, Loison A, Portier C (1995) Is sex biased maternal care limited by total maternal expenditure in polygnous ungulates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 37: 311-319.
    • (1995) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.37 , pp. 311-319
    • Pélabon, C.1    Gaillard, J.-M.2    Loison, A.3    Portier, C.4
  • 53
    • 79251594373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the use of distance sampling to monitorize mountain ungulates numbers
    • In: J Chen, C Guo, Nova Science Publishers
    • Pérez JM, Alpizar-Jara R (2008) Towards the use of distance sampling to monitorize mountain ungulates numbers. In: J Chen, C Guo (eds) Ecosystem Ecology Reserch Trends. Nova Science Publishers. 9-20.
    • (2008) Ecosystem Ecology Reserch Trends , pp. 9-20
    • Pérez, J.M.1    Alpizar-Jara, R.2
  • 54
    • 0028179284 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamic of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica in Sierra Nevada Natural Park (southern Spain)
    • Pérez JM, Granados JE, Soriguer RC (1994) Population dynamic of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica in Sierra Nevada Natural Park (southern Spain). Acta Theriol 39: 289-294.
    • (1994) Acta Theriol , vol.39 , pp. 289-294
    • Pérez, J.M.1    Granados, J.E.2    Soriguer, R.C.3
  • 55
    • 0036255807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, status and conservation problems of the Spanish Ibex, Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
    • Pérez JM, Granados JE, Soriguer RC, Fandos P, Márquez FJ, Crampe JP (2002) Distribution, status and conservation problems of the Spanish Ibex, Capra pyrenaica (Mammalia: Artiodactyla). Mammal Rev 32: 26-39.
    • (2002) Mammal Rev , vol.32 , pp. 26-39
    • Pérez, J.M.1    Granados, J.E.2    Soriguer, R.C.3    Fandos, P.4    Márquez, F.J.5    Crampe, J.P.6
  • 56
    • 0008976510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of sarcoptic mange in the ibex population of Sierra Nevada in Spain: the influence of climatic factors
    • Pérez JM, Ruiz-Martinez I, Granados JE, Soriguer RC, Fandos P (1997) The dynamics of sarcoptic mange in the ibex population of Sierra Nevada in Spain: the influence of climatic factors. J Wildl Res 2: 86-89.
    • (1997) J Wildl Res , vol.2 , pp. 86-89
    • Pérez, J.M.1    Ruiz-Martinez, I.2    Granados, J.E.3    Soriguer, R.C.4    Fandos, P.5
  • 57
    • 0345698839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive parameters, kidney fat index, and grazing activity relationships between the sexes in Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva
    • Pérez-Barbería FJ, Mutuberría G, Nores C (1998) Reproductive parameters, kidney fat index, and grazing activity relationships between the sexes in Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva. Acta Theriol 43: 311-324.
    • (1998) Acta Theriol , vol.43 , pp. 311-324
    • Pérez-Barbería, F.J.1    Mutuberría, G.2    Nores, C.3
  • 58
    • 34247119564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early onset of vegetation growth vs rapid green-up: impacts on juvenile mountain ungulates
    • Pettorelli N, Pelletier F, von Hardenberg A, Festa-Bianchet M, Côté SD (2007) Early onset of vegetation growth vs rapid green-up: impacts on juvenile mountain ungulates. Ecology 88: 381-390.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 381-390
    • Pettorelli, N.1    Pelletier, F.2    von Hardenberg, A.3    Festa-Bianchet, M.4    Côté, S.D.5
  • 59
    • 0037738457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design
    • Piersma T, Drent J (2003) Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design. Trends Ecol Evol 18: 228-233.
    • (2003) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.18 , pp. 228-233
    • Piersma, T.1    Drent, J.2
  • 60
    • 0033045072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic variability, plant phenology, and northern ungulates
    • Post E, Stenseth NC (1999) Climatic variability, plant phenology, and northern ungulates. Ecology 80: 1322-1339.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1322-1339
    • Post, E.1    Stenseth, N.C.2
  • 61
    • 85036788482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A language and environment for statistical computing
    • R Development Core Team 2. 9. 2, Vienna, Austria. Available at, Accessed on: 15/12/2009
    • R Development Core Team 2. 9. 2 (2009) A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: http://www. R-project. org, Accessed on: 15/12/2009.
    • (2009) R Foundation For Statistical Computing
  • 62
    • 0000205490 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating condition of free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus), with special reference to New Zealand
    • Riney T (1955) Evaluating condition of free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus), with special reference to New Zealand. N Z Jl Sci Technol 36: 430-463.
    • (1955) N Z Jl Sci Technol , vol.36 , pp. 430-463
    • Riney, T.1
  • 63
    • 0037489729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bite rates in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): effects of season, age, sex and reproductive status
    • Ruckstuhl KE, Festa-Bianchet M, Jorgenson JT (2003) Bite rates in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): effects of season, age, sex and reproductive status. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 54: 167-173.
    • (2003) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.54 , pp. 167-173
    • Ruckstuhl, K.E.1    Festa-Bianchet, M.2    Jorgenson, J.T.3
  • 64
    • 0024190220 scopus 로고
    • Annual variation in winter body condition of Norwegian moose calves
    • Sæther BE, Gravem AJ (1988) Annual variation in winter body condition of Norwegian moose calves. J Wildl Manage 52: 333-336.
    • (1988) J Wildl Manage , vol.52 , pp. 333-336
    • Sæther, B.E.1    Gravem, A.J.2
  • 65
    • 77954153236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of season, age and body condition on allocation to testis mass in Iberian ibex
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1469-7998. 2009. 00689. x:
    • Sarasa M, Serrano E, Pérez J, Soriguer R C, Gonzalez G, Joachim J, Granados J E (2010) Effect of season, age and body condition on allocation to testis mass in Iberian ibex. J Zool. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1469-7998. 2009. 00689. x:.
    • (2010) J Zool
    • Sarasa, M.1    Serrano, E.2    Pérez, J.3    Soriguer, R.C.4    Gonzalez, G.5    Joachim, J.6    Granados, J.E.7
  • 67
    • 13444257584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restitution of mass-size residuals: validating body condition indices
    • Schulte-Hostedde AI, Zinner B, Millar JS, Hickling GJ (2005) Restitution of mass-size residuals: validating body condition indices. Ecology 86: 155-163.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 155-163
    • Schulte-Hostedde, A.I.1    Zinner, B.2    Millar, J.S.3    Hickling, G.J.4
  • 68
    • 0000217721 scopus 로고
    • Structure and concentrating mechanism in the mammalian kidney
    • Scmidt-Nielsen B, O'Dell R (1961) Structure and concentrating mechanism in the mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol 200: 1119-1124.
    • (1961) Am J Physiol , vol.200 , pp. 1119-1124
    • Scmidt-Nielsen, B.1    O'Dell, R.2
  • 69
    • 52449114494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A half a century of measuring ungulate body condition using indices: is it time for a change?
    • Serrano E, Alpizar-Jara R, Morellet N, Hewison AJM (2008a) A half a century of measuring ungulate body condition using indices: is it time for a change? Eu J Wildl Res 54: 675-680.
    • (2008) Eu J Wildl Res , vol.54 , pp. 675-680
    • Serrano, E.1    Alpizar-Jara, R.2    Morellet, N.3    Hewison, A.J.M.4
  • 70
    • 58149129629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of total serum proteins and tryglycerides for monitoring body condition in the Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica)
    • Serrano E, González FJ, Granados JE, Moço G, Fandos P, Soriguer RC, Pérez JM (2008b) The use of total serum proteins and tryglycerides for monitoring body condition in the Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica). J Zoo Wild Med 39: 646-649.
    • (2008) J Zoo Wild Med , vol.39 , pp. 646-649
    • Serrano, E.1    González, F.J.2    Granados, J.E.3    Moço, G.4    Fandos, P.5    Soriguer, R.C.6    Pérez, J.M.7
  • 71
    • 33644993039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-difference in the ossification rate of the appendicular skeleton in Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838, and its utility in the sex identification of long bones
    • Serrano E, Pérez JM, Christiansen P, Gállego L (2006) Sex-difference in the ossification rate of the appendicular skeleton in Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838, and its utility in the sex identification of long bones. Anat Histol Embryol 35: 69-75.
    • (2006) Anat Histol Embryol , vol.35 , pp. 69-75
    • Serrano, E.1    Pérez, J.M.2    Christiansen, P.3    Gállego, L.4
  • 72
    • 0027138464 scopus 로고
    • Sexual size dimorphism in species with asymptotic growth
    • Stamps JA (1993) Sexual size dimorphism in species with asymptotic growth. Biol J Linn Soc 50: 123-145.
    • (1993) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.50 , pp. 123-145
    • Stamps, J.A.1
  • 73
    • 15244348161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in North American elk: an experimental test
    • Stewart KM, Bowyer RT, Dick BL, Johnson BK, Kie JG (2005) Density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in North American elk: an experimental test. Oecologia 143: 85-93.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.143 , pp. 85-93
    • Stewart, K.M.1    Bowyer, R.T.2    Dick, B.L.3    Johnson, B.K.4    Kie, J.G.5
  • 75
    • 34250760284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex- and age-specific survival of the highly dimorphic Alpine ibex: evidence for a conservative life-history tactic
    • Toïgo C, Gaillard J-M, Festa-Bianchet M, Largo E, Michaellet J, Maillard D (2007) Sex- and age-specific survival of the highly dimorphic Alpine ibex: evidence for a conservative life-history tactic. J Anim Ecol 76: 679-686.
    • (2007) J Anim Ecol , vol.76 , pp. 679-686
    • Toïgo, C.1    Gaillard, J.-M.2    Festa-Bianchet, M.3    Largo, E.4    Michaellet, J.5    Maillard, D.6
  • 77
    • 0001013484 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between fat content of Svalbard reindeer in autumn and their death from starvation in winter
    • Tyler NJC (1986) The relationship between fat content of Svalbard reindeer in autumn and their death from starvation in winter. Rangifer 1: 311-314.
    • (1986) Rangifer , vol.1 , pp. 311-314
    • Tyler, N.J.C.1
  • 78
    • 0003534848 scopus 로고
    • Alcalá de Henares, Spain: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
    • Varios A (1987) La vegetación de España. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
    • (1987) La vegetación De España
    • Varios, A.1
  • 79
    • 0000299572 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet on growth and lipogenesis in deer fawns
    • Verme LJ, Ozoga JJ (1980) Effects of diet on growth and lipogenesis in deer fawns. J Wildl Manage 44: 315-324.
    • (1980) J Wildl Manage , vol.44 , pp. 315-324
    • Verme, L.J.1    Ozoga, J.J.2
  • 80
    • 0028980608 scopus 로고
    • The influence of increasing density on body weight, kid production, home range and winter grouping in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
    • London
    • Vincent JP, Hewison AJM, Angibault J-M (1995) The influence of increasing density on body weight, kid production, home range and winter grouping in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).-Journal of Zoology, London 236: 371-382.
    • (1995) Journal of Zoology , vol.236 , pp. 371-382
    • Vincent, J.P.1    Hewison, A.J.M.2    Angibault, J.-M.3
  • 81
    • 31444435862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating woody browse availability for ungulates at increasing snow depths
    • Visscher DR, Merrill EH, Fortin D, Frair JL (2006) Estimating woody browse availability for ungulates at increasing snow depths. For Ecol Manage 222: 348-354.
    • (2006) For Ecol Manage , vol.222 , pp. 348-354
    • Visscher, D.R.1    Merrill, E.H.2    Fortin, D.3    Frair, J.L.4
  • 82
    • 0028176242 scopus 로고
    • Effects of interannual climate variation on aboveground phytomass in Alpine vegetation
    • Walker MD, Webber PJ, Arnold EH, Eberte-May D (1994) Effects of interannual climate variation on aboveground phytomass in Alpine vegetation. Ecology 75: 393-408.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 393-408
    • Walker, M.D.1    Webber, P.J.2    Arnold, E.H.3    Eberte-May, D.4
  • 84
    • 0035702838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal fluctuations of body condition in northern sika deer on Hokkaido Island, Japan
    • Yokoyama M, Onuma M, Suzuki M, Kaji K (2001) Seasonal fluctuations of body condition in northern sika deer on Hokkaido Island, Japan. Acta Theriol 46: 419-428.
    • (2001) Acta Theriol , vol.46 , pp. 419-428
    • Yokoyama, M.1    Onuma, M.2    Suzuki, M.3    Kaji, K.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.