Urban-rural variation in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Canterbury, New Zealand, 1980-2004

Health and Place

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 248-256

  Miller, Laura J ^a   Willis, Jinny A ^b   Pearce, Jamie ^a,d   Barnett, Ross ^a   Darlow, Brian A ^c   Scott, Russell S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

^b Lipid and Diabetes Research Group   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Childhood; New Zealand; Poisson regression; Type 1 diabetes; Urban rural differences

Indexed keywords

DIABETES; DISEASE INCIDENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; HEALTH RISK; IMMIGRATION; POPULATION DENSITY; URBAN-RURAL MIGRATION;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INFANT; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEW ZEALAND; POPULATION DENSITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; RURAL AREA; SCHOOL CHILD; URBAN AREA; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

CANTERBURY [SOUTH ISLAND]; NEW ZEALAND; SOUTH ISLAND;

EID: 78751575664     PISSN: 13538292     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.10.010     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Akerblom H.K., Vaarala O., Hyoty H., Ilonen J., Knip M. Environmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. American Journal of Medical Genetics 2002, 115:18-29.
2. Anderson R.M., May R.M. Directly transmitted infectious diseases: control by vaccination. Science 1982, 215:1053-1060.
3. Bach J.F. Six questions about the hygiene hypothesis. Cellular Immunology 2005, 233:158-161.
4. Borch-Johnsen K., Joner G., Mandrup-Oulsen T., Christy M., Zachau-Christiansen B., Kastrup K., Nerup J. Relationship between breast-feeding and incidence rates of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a hypothesis. The Lancet ii 1984, 1083-1086.
5. Borchers A.T., Uibo R., Gershwin M.E. The geoepidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Autoimmunity Reviews 2010, 9:A355-A365.
6. Brown L.J., Scott R.S. A population based diabetes register-development and applications. Community Health Studies 1988, 12:437-443.
7. Buchanan N. The effect of urban growth on Christchurch travel patterns. Masters' Thesis, Department of Geography 2004, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
8. Campbell-Stokes P.L., Taylor B.J. Prospective incidence study of diabetes mellitus in New Zealand children aged 0 to 14 years. Diabetologia 2005, 48:643-648.
9. Cardwell C.R., Carson D.J., Patterson C.C. Higher incidence of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in remote areas: a UK regional small-area analysis. Diabetologia 2006, 49:2074-2077.
10. Cardwell C.R., Carson D.J., Patterson C.C. Secular trends, disease maps and ecological analyses of the incidence of childhood onset type 1 diabetes in Northern Ireland, 1989-2003. Diabetic Medicine 2007, 24:289-295.
11. Casu A., Carlini M., Contu A., Al E. Type 1 diabetes in Sardinia is not linked to nitrate levels in drinking water. Diabetes Care 2000, 23:1043-1044.
12. Cherubini V., Carle F., Gesuita R., Al E. Large incidence variation of type 1 diabetes in central-southern Italy 1990-1995: lower risk in rural areas. Diabetologia 1999, 42:789-792.
13. Cox M. Geographic variations in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Tayside, Scotland. Geography Department 2007, University of St Andrews.
14. Dacou-Voutetakis C., Karavanaki K., Tsoka-Gennatas H. National data on the epidemiology of IDDM in Greece: cases diagnosed in 1992. Diabetes Care 1995, 18:552-554.
15. Diamond Incidence and trends of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabetic Medicine 2006, 23:857-866.
16. du Prel J.B., Icks A., Grabert M., Holl R.W., Giani G., RosenbaueR J. Socioeconomic conditions and type 1 diabetes in childhood in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Diabetologia 2007, 50:720-728.
17. Fear N.T., McKinney P.A., Patterson C.C., Parslow R.C., Bodansky H.J. Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus and parental occupations involving social mixing and infectious contacts: two population-based case-control studies. Diabetic Medicine 1999, 16:1025-1029.
18. Feltbower R.G., Manda S.O.M., Gilthorpe M.S., Greaves M.F., Parslow R.C., Kinsey S.E., Bodansky H.J., McKinney P.A. Detecting small-area similarities in the epidemiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diabetes mellitus, type 1: a bayesian approach. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005, 161:1168-1180.
19. Gale E.A.M. A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis?. Diabetologia 2002, 45:588-594.
20. Gopinath S., Örtqvist E., Norgren S., Green A., Sanjeevi C.B. Variations in incidence of type 1 diabetes in different municipalities of Stockholm. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008, 1150:200-207.
21. Haynes A., Bower C., Bulsara M.K., Finn J., Jones T.W., Davis E.A. Perinatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia-a population-based study (1980-2002). Diabetic Medicine 2007, 24:564-570.
22. Haynes A., Bulsara M.K., Bower C., Codde J.P., Jones T.W., Davis E.A. Independent effects of socioeconomic status and place of residence on the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia. Pediatric Diabetes 2006, 7:94-100.
23. Holmqvist B.M., Lofman O., Samuelsson U. A low incidence of Type 1 diabetes between 1977 and 2001 in south-eastern Sweden in areas with high population density and which are more deprived. Diabetic Medicine 2008, 25:255-260.
24. Johnston S.L., Openshaw P.J.M. The protective effect of childhood infections. British Medical Journal 2001, 322:376-378.
25. Kaila B., Taback S.P. The effect of day care exposure on the risk of developing type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:1353-1358.
26. Karvonen M., Rusanen J., Sundberg M., Virtala E., Colpaert A., Naukkarinen A., Tuomilehto J. Regional differences in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children in Finland from 1987 to 1991: childhood diabetes in Finland (DiMe) study group. Annals of Medicine 1997, 29:297-304.
27. Karvonen, M., Tuomilehto, J., Podar, T., 2003. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. In: Pickup, J.C., Williams, G. (Eds.), Textbook of Diabetes 1, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
28. Kinlen L.J., Hudson C.M., Stiller C.A. Contacts between adults as evidence for an infective origin in childhood leukaemia: an explanation for the excess near nuclear establishments in West Berkshire?. British Journal of Cancer 1991, 64:549-554.
29. Kondrashova A., Reunanen A., Romanov A., Karvonen A., Viskari H., Vesikari T., Ilonen J., Knip M., Hyoty H. A six-fold gradient in the incidence of type 1 diabetes at the eastern border of Finland. Annals of Medicine 2005, 37:67-72.
30. LaPorte R.E., Matsushima M., Chang Y. Prevalence and incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes in America 1995, National Diabetes Data Group of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD. 2nd ed.
31. Liese A.D., Lawson A., Song H.-R., Hibbert J.D., Porter D.E., Nichols M., Lamichhane A.P., Dabelea D., Mayer-Davis E.J., Standiford D., Liu L., Hamman R.F., D'Agostino R.B. Evaluating geographic variation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in youth in four US regions. Health & Place 2010, 16:547-556.
32. MacFarlane A.J., Scott F.W. Environmental agents and type 1 diabetes. Textbook of Diabetes 2003, 1. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. J.C. Pickup, G. Williams (Eds.).
33. McKinney P.A., Law G.R., Bodansky H.J., Staines A., Williams D.R.R. Geographical mapping of childhood diabetes in the northern English county of Yorkshire. Diabetic Medicine 1996, 13:734-740.
34. Miller L.J., Pearce J., Barnett R. The place of population mixing in the aetiology of disease: a New Zealand perspective. Australasian Epidemiologist 2007, 14:12-15.
35. Miller L.J., Pearce J., Barnett R., Willis J.A., Darlow D.A., Scott R.S. Is population mixing associated with childhood type 1 diabetes in Canterbury, New Zealand?. Social Science & Medicine 2009, 68:625-630.
36. Parslow R.C., McKinney P.A., Law G.R., Bodansky H.J. Population mixing and childhood diabetes. International Journal of Epidemiology 2001, 30:533-538.
37. Parslow R.C., McKinney P.A., Law G.R., Staines A., Williams R., Bodansky H.J. Incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Yorkshire, northern England, is associated with nitrate in drinking water: an ecological analysis. Diabetologia 1997, 40:550-556.
38. Patterson C.C., Carson D.J., Hadden D.R. Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989-1994: low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding. Diabetologia 1996, 39:1063-1069.
39. Patterson C.C., Waugh N.R. Urban/rural and deprivational differences in incidence and clustering of childhood diabetes in Scotland. International Journal of Epidemiology 1992, 21:108-117.
40. Pundziute-Lycka A., Urbonaite B., Ostrauskas R., Zalinkevicius R., Dahlquist G.G. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Lithuanians aged 0-39 years varies by the urban-rural setting, and the time change differs for men and women during 1991-2000. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:671-676.
41. Rhodes C.J., Anderson R.M. Persistence and dynamics in lattice models of epidemic spread. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1996, 180:125-133.
42. Rytkonen M., Moltchanova E., Ranta J., Taskinen O., Tuomilehto J., Karvonen M. The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in Finland: rural-urban difference. Health and Place 2003, 9:315-325.
43. Rytkonen M., Ranta J., Tuomilehto J., Karvonen M. Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in the incidence of type I diabetes in Finland. Diabetologia 2001, 44:B37-B44.
44. Salmond, C., Crampton, P., 2002. NZDep2001 Index of Deprivation. Wellington, Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
45. Schober E., Ramia B., Waldhoer T., Group A.D.I.S. Small area variation in childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria: links to population density, 1989 to 1999. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2003, 56:269-273.
46. Schoenle E.J., Lang-Muritano M., Gschwend S., Laimbacher J., Mullis P.E., Torresani T., Biason-Lauber A., Molinari L. Epidemiology of type I diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: steep rise in incidence in under 5 year old children in the past decade. Diabetologia 2001, 44:286-289.
47. Slama, G., 2003. Type 1 diabetes: an overview. In: Pickup, J.C., Williams, G. (Eds.), Textbook of Diabetes 1, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
48. Staines A., Bodansky H.J., McKinney P.A., Alexander F.E., Mcnally R.J.Q., Law G.R., Lilley H.E.B., Stephenson C., Cartwright R. Small area variation in the incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Yorkshire, UK: links with overcrowding and population density. International Journal of Epidemiology 1997, 26:1307-1313.
49. Statistics New Zealand, 2006. New Zealand: an urban/rural profile, Wellington, Statistics New Zealand.
50. Stiller C.A., Boyle P.J. Effect of population mixing and socioeconomic status in England and Wales, 1979-85, on lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. British Medical Journal 1996, 313:1297-1300.
51. Thomas W., Birgit R., Edith S. Changing geographical distribution of diabetes mellitus type 1 incidence in Austrian children 1989-2005. European Journal of Epidemiology 2008, 23:213-218.
52. van der Werf N., Kroese F.G.M., Rozing J., Hillebrands J.L. Viral infections as potential triggers of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 2007, 23:169-183.
53. Verge C.F., Howard N.J., Irwig L., Simpson J.M., Mackerras D., Silink M. Environmental factors in childhood IDDM. A population-based, case-control study. Diabetes Care 1994, 17:1381-1389.
54. Virtanen S.M., Jaakkola L., Räsänen L., Ylönen K., Aro A., Lounamaa R., Akerblom H.K., Tuomilehto J. Nitrate and nitrite intake and the risk for type 1 diabetes in Finnish children. Childhood diabetes in Finland study group. Diabetic Medicine 1994, 11:656-662.
55. Virtanen S.M., Knip M. Nutritional risk predictors of {beta} cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003, 78:1053-1067.
56. Waugh N.R. Insulin-dependent diabetes in a Scottish region: incidence and urban/rural differences. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1986, 40:240-243.
57. Webb P., Bain C., Pirozzo S. Essential Epidemiology: An Introduction for Students and Health Professionals 2005, Cambridge University Press, New York.
58. Willis J.A., Scott R.S., Darlow B.A., Nesbit J.W., Anderson P., Moore M.P., Lunt H., Cole D.R. Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed before age 20 years in Canterbury, New Zealand over the last 30 years. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 2002, 15:637-643.
59. Wu D., Kendall D., Lunt H., Willis J.A., Darlow B.A., Frampton C. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes in New Zealanders aged 0-24 years. The New Zealand Medical Journal 2005, 118:1557-1563.