A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis?

Diabetologia

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 588-594

  Gale, E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b SOUTHMEAD HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atopy; Helminths; Hygiene hypothesis; Incidence; Pinworm; Type I diabetes

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 10;

ASTHMA; ATOPY; DISEASE COURSE; ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; INFECTION; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEROLOGY; SKIN TEST; T LYMPHOCYTE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHILD; ENTEROBIUS; HELMINTHIASIS; HYGIENE; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

ANIMAL; ASTHMA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-DEPENDENT; ENTEROBIUS; HELMINTHIASIS; HUMAN; HYGIENE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; HUMANS;

EID: 0035988197     PISSN: 0012186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-0801-1     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Relation between occurrence of type 1 diabetes and asthma
2. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC
3. The epidemic of asthma and allergy
4. Mechanisms of enhanced prevalence of asthma and atopy in developed countries
5. Asthma prevalence in Tokelauan children in two environments
6. Evidence for an environmental effect in the aetiology of insulin dependent diabetes in a transmigratory population
7. Siblings, day-care attendance, and the risk of asthma and wheezing during childhood
8. The effect of day care exposure on the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. A meta-analysis of case-control studies
9. Skin reactivity and number of siblings
10. Increasing prevalence of hay fever and atopy among children in Leipzig, East Germany
11. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe
12. NOD mouse colonies around the world - Recent facts and figures
13. A protective role of the environment in the development of type 1 diabetes?
14. Stimulation of the developing immune system can prevent autoimmunity
15. Decreased prevalence of atopic diseases in children with diabetes
16. Association between atopic dermatitis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A case-control study
17. Children with type 1 diabetes and their unaffected siblings have fewer symptoms of asthma
18. Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases
19. Does breast feeding help protect against atopic disease? Biology, methodology, and a golden jubilee of controversy
20. Cow's milk and type 1 diabetes. The real debate is about mucosal immune function
21. The role of environmental factors in asthma
22. Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan
23. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size
24. A potential vaccine strategy for asthma and allied atopic disease during early childhood
25. Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: Could they be protective?
26. Th1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy
27. Transplacental priming of the human immune system to environmental allergens: Universal skewing of initial T cell responses towards the Th2 cytokine profile
28. The development of the immune system during pregnancy and early life
29. Why is the prevalence of asthma and autoimmunity increasing?
30. The germless theory of allergic disease: Revisiting the hygiene hypothesis
31. Th2 responses without atopy: Immunoregulation in chronic helminth infections and reduced allergic disease
32. Measles endemicity in insular populations: Critical community size and its evolutionary implication
33. Experiences of a medical officer on Tristan da Cunha, June-October, 1961
34. Tristan da Cunha: General medical investigations
35. Infectious diseases in primitive societies
36. Clean living increases more than just atopic disease
37. How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?
38. Immunological modulation and evasions by helminth parasites in human populations
39. Effect of antihelminthic treatment on the allergic reactivity of children in a tropical slum
40. Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: A role for parasite-induced interleukin-10
41. The link between helminthic infection and atopy
42. This wormy world
43. Studies on oxyuriasis XXVIII. Summary and conclusions
44. Is pinworm a vanishing infection? Laboratory surveillance in a New York City medical center from 1971 to 1986
45. The occurrence of human intestinal parasites in Finland
46. Enterobius vermicularis and finger sucking in young Swedish children
47. Eine vergleichende untersuchung tiber vorkommen und verbreitung von intestinalparasiten in kindertagesstätten der landeshauptstadt schwerin
48. The influence of the nematode Syphacia oblevata on adjuvant arthritis in the rat
49. Intestinal parasitism terminates self tolerance and enhances neonatal induction of autoimmune disease and memory
50. Induction of lymphoma in athymic mice: A model for study of the human disease
51. Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice
52. A helminth-induced mucosal Th2 response alters nonresponsiveness to oral administration of a soluble antigen
53. Oral administration of schistosome egg antigen and insulin B-chain generates and enhances Th2-type responses in NOD mice
54. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: Is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European collaborative study on inflammatory bowel disease (EC-IBD)
55. Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut
56. Helicobacters are indigenous to the human stomach: Duodenal ulceration is due to changes in gastric microecology in the modern era
57. Importance of childhood scioeconomic status on the current prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection
58. Causative factors in the etiology of peptic ulcer disease become effective before the age of 15 years
59. Rise and fall of Western diseases
60. Lymphocytes in the human gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori have a T helper cell 1 phenotype
61. Therapeutic immunisation against Helicobacter pylori infection
62. Concurrent enteric helminth infection modulates inflammation and gastric immune responses and reduces helicobacter-induced gastric atrophy
63. Human enterobiasis in evolution: Origin, specificity and transmission